tunnermann_1993

A. Tünnermann, C. Momma, K. Mossavi, C. Windolph and B. Wellegehausen, “Generation of tunable short pulse VUV radiation by four-wave mixing in xenon with femtosecond KrF-excimer laser pulses”, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29, 1233 (1993)

Source record · Catalogue · Review register

DOI: 10.1109/3.214511

Source kind: measurement

Recorded technique: Four-wave difference-frequency mixing w_s = 2 w_p - w_i in xenon (1-760 Torr): the femtosecond KrF pump (248.5 nm, 10 mJ, 360 fs, up to 10^15 W/cm2, f = 1000 mm) with tunable nanosecond seeds from 185 to 1905 nm (excimer- or Nd:YAG-pumped dye lasers, 368-608 nm, about 8 GHz wide, extended by H2 Raman shifting and doubling; f = 300 mm). Output 133-355 nm measured with a vuv monochromator, calibrated pyroelectric meter, streak camera and ionisation-chamber autocorrelators; amplification at 193, 308 and 351 nm in an excimer discharge (pp. 1233-1235).

Materials in structured entries: None recorded.

Dataset quantities: None recorded.

Contents: 0 datasets; 0 formulas.

Curation notes

No datasets. Identity checked on the first page: Tünnermann, Momma, Mossavi, Windolph and Wellegehausen, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29 (No. 4, April 1993), 1233-1238; PDF pages 1-6 = journal pp. 1233-1238 (the library’s author list misspells Wellegehausen). It is Ref. [7] of lehmberg_1995 and the sequel of tunnermann_1992 (its Ref. [12]).

WHAT IT REPORTS. The pump is ‘dominated by a near resonant two-photon excitation at the 5p6 1S0 -> 6p[1/2]0 transition’ (p. 1234), detuned by 363 cm^-1 (p. 1236; NIST: 363.9 cm^-1 for 248.5 nm in vacuum). Examples (pp. 1234-1235): 141 nm from a 1064 nm seed at 80 Torr, 5 uJ (E_p = 5 mJ, E_i = 90 mJ); 157 nm from 595 nm (35 mJ) at 30 Torr, up to 7 uJ; 193 nm from 352 nm at 450 Torr, 8 uJ (E_p = 10 mJ, E_i = 70 mJ), 1.0 ps (sech^2) by a two-photon-ionisation autocorrelator in 20 Torr of xenon. FWM spectra about 600 cm^-1 wide (FWHM) against ‘the combined bandwidth of two fs-KrF-excimer laser photons [160 cm^-1 (FWHM)]’ (pp. 1234-1235). Conversion 10^-2 to 10^-3. Amplified to 1.9 (193 nm), 3.0 (308 nm) and 2.8 mJ (351 nm) (Table I).

SUSCEPTIBILITY. Eq. (1) (p. 1236, after Hanna, Yuratich and Cotter): I_FWM = 9 w_s^2 N^2 |chi(3)_FWM|^2 l^2 I_i I_p^2 sinc^2(Delta k l/2) / [(2c)^4 eps0^2 n_s n_i n_p^2]. With plane waves, E = (1/2) E exp(-iwt) + c.c. and I = (1/2) eps0 c n |E|^2, it corresponds to P(w_s) = (3/4) eps0 N chi E_p^2 E_i* (derived here; tunnermann_1992’s gain Eq. 5 gives the same factor), so the Taylor gamma per atom is 6 eps0 chi. Fig. 6 (raster) shows |chi(3)| in 10^-48 m^5/V^2 against the generated wavelength, 135-195 nm (inset 175-335 nm), with experimental rhombs from Eq. (1) ‘assuming an average intensity of 10^14 W/cm2’ for I_p; the 148.5 and 320 nm points come from the FWPO of tunnermann_1992. The calculated curve (four-level, fixed 363 cm^-1 detuning, oscillator strengths of Aymar and Coulombe; no saturation, transients, damping or ponderomotive shift) is drawn ‘x 0.25’: the calculation lies about four times above the points, ‘within one order of magnitude’ (p. 1236).

NOT TAKEN (awaiting vocabulary): Fig. 6’s rhombs and curve, raster, and in a convention CONVENTIONS lacks (Hanna, Yuratich and Cotter’s per-atom SI chi(3); see tunnermann_1992). NOT TAKEN (not a xenon property): Table I’s amplifier energies. The library’s extracted Table I misplaces the rows (the image: XeF 0.26 and 2.8, XeCl 0.50 and 3.0, ArF 0.26 and 1.9 mJ); nothing depends on it.

DOUBTS. The FWPO point is at 320 nm here and at 280 nm in tunnermann_1992; the detuning of the calculation is 363 cm^-1 here and ‘0.2 nm’ there.

TWO-PHOTON STRENGTH. Nothing here implies a 6p[1/2]0 strength: the measured |chi(3)| scale as 1/I_p with an assumed I_p, and the resonant part pairs the two-photon amplitude with a (w_s, w_i) amplitude that is not printed. The xenon ionisation energy ‘12.13 eV’ is quoted from Samson.

Register: TC-999.

Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.

Datasets

No datasets are recorded.

Formulas

No formulas are recorded.

Corrections

No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.

Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.