tunnermann_1993 =============== A\. Tünnermann, C\. Momma, K\. Mossavi, C\. Windolph and B\. Wellegehausen, "Generation of tunable short pulse VUV radiation by four\-wave mixing in xenon with femtosecond KrF\-excimer laser pulses", IEEE J\. Quantum Electron\. 29, 1233 \(1993\) `Source record `__ · :doc:`Catalogue ` · :doc:`Review register ` DOI: `10\.1109/3\.214511 `__ **Source kind:** measurement **Recorded technique:** Four\-wave difference\-frequency mixing w\_s = 2 w\_p \- w\_i in xenon \(1\-760 Torr\)\: the femtosecond KrF pump \(248\.5 nm, 10 mJ, 360 fs, up to 10^15 W/cm2, f = 1000 mm\) with tunable nanosecond seeds from 185 to 1905 nm \(excimer\- or Nd\:YAG\-pumped dye lasers, 368\-608 nm, about 8 GHz wide, extended by H2 Raman shifting and doubling; f = 300 mm\)\. Output 133\-355 nm measured with a vuv monochromator, calibrated pyroelectric meter, streak camera and ionisation\-chamber autocorrelators; amplification at 193, 308 and 351 nm in an excimer discharge \(pp\. 1233\-1235\)\. **Materials in structured entries:** None recorded. **Dataset quantities:** None recorded. **Contents:** 0 datasets; 0 formulas. Curation notes -------------- No datasets\. Identity checked on the first page\: Tünnermann, Momma, Mossavi, Windolph and Wellegehausen, IEEE J\. Quantum Electron\. 29 \(No\. 4, April 1993\), 1233\-1238; PDF pages 1\-6 = journal pp\. 1233\-1238 \(the library's author list misspells Wellegehausen\)\. It is Ref\. \[7\] of lehmberg\_1995 and the sequel of tunnermann\_1992 \(its Ref\. \[12\]\)\. WHAT IT REPORTS\. The pump is 'dominated by a near resonant two\-photon excitation at the 5p6 1S0 \-\> 6p\[1/2\]0 transition' \(p\. 1234\), detuned by 363 cm^\-1 \(p\. 1236; NIST\: 363\.9 cm^\-1 for 248\.5 nm in vacuum\)\. Examples \(pp\. 1234\-1235\)\: 141 nm from a 1064 nm seed at 80 Torr, 5 uJ \(E\_p = 5 mJ, E\_i = 90 mJ\); 157 nm from 595 nm \(35 mJ\) at 30 Torr, up to 7 uJ; 193 nm from 352 nm at 450 Torr, 8 uJ \(E\_p = 10 mJ, E\_i = 70 mJ\), 1\.0 ps \(sech^2\) by a two\-photon\-ionisation autocorrelator in 20 Torr of xenon\. FWM spectra about 600 cm^\-1 wide \(FWHM\) against 'the combined bandwidth of two fs\-KrF\-excimer laser photons \[160 cm^\-1 \(FWHM\)\]' \(pp\. 1234\-1235\)\. Conversion 10^\-2 to 10^\-3\. Amplified to 1\.9 \(193 nm\), 3\.0 \(308 nm\) and 2\.8 mJ \(351 nm\) \(Table I\)\. SUSCEPTIBILITY\. Eq\. \(1\) \(p\. 1236, after Hanna, Yuratich and Cotter\)\: I\_FWM = 9 w\_s^2 N^2 \|chi\(3\)\_FWM\|^2 l^2 I\_i I\_p^2 sinc^2\(Delta k l/2\) / \[\(2c\)^4 eps0^2 n\_s n\_i n\_p^2\]\. With plane waves, E = \(1/2\) E exp\(\-iwt\) \+ c\.c\. and I = \(1/2\) eps0 c n \|E\|^2, it corresponds to P\(w\_s\) = \(3/4\) eps0 N chi E\_p^2 E\_i\* \(derived here; tunnermann\_1992's gain Eq\. 5 gives the same factor\), so the Taylor gamma per atom is 6 eps0 chi\. Fig\. 6 \(raster\) shows \|chi\(3\)\| in 10^\-48 m^5/V^2 against the generated wavelength, 135\-195 nm \(inset 175\-335 nm\), with experimental rhombs from Eq\. \(1\) 'assuming an average intensity of 10^14 W/cm2' for I\_p; the 148\.5 and 320 nm points come from the FWPO of tunnermann\_1992\. The calculated curve \(four\-level, fixed 363 cm^\-1 detuning, oscillator strengths of Aymar and Coulombe; no saturation, transients, damping or ponderomotive shift\) is drawn 'x 0\.25'\: the calculation lies about four times above the points, 'within one order of magnitude' \(p\. 1236\)\. NOT TAKEN \(awaiting vocabulary\)\: Fig\. 6's rhombs and curve, raster, and in a convention CONVENTIONS lacks \(Hanna, Yuratich and Cotter's per\-atom SI chi\(3\); see tunnermann\_1992\)\. NOT TAKEN \(not a xenon property\)\: Table I's amplifier energies\. The library's extracted Table I misplaces the rows \(the image\: XeF 0\.26 and 2\.8, XeCl 0\.50 and 3\.0, ArF 0\.26 and 1\.9 mJ\); nothing depends on it\. DOUBTS\. The FWPO point is at 320 nm here and at 280 nm in tunnermann\_1992; the detuning of the calculation is 363 cm^\-1 here and '0\.2 nm' there\. TWO\-PHOTON STRENGTH\. Nothing here implies a 6p\[1/2\]0 strength\: the measured \|chi\(3\)\| scale as 1/I\_p with an assumed I\_p, and the resonant part pairs the two\-photon amplitude with a \(w\_s, w\_i\) amplitude that is not printed\. The xenon ionisation energy '12\.13 eV' is quoted from Samson\. Register\: TC\-999\. **Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED\_WITH\_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents. Datasets -------- No datasets are recorded. Formulas -------- No formulas are recorded. Corrections ----------- No dataset errata are recorded in this source record. Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register ` for the checks and decisions.