smith_1976#
P. L. Smith, M. C. E. Huber and W. H. Parkinson, “Refractivities of H2, He, O2, CO, and Kr for 168 <= lambda <= 288 nm”, Phys. Rev. A 13, 1422 (1976)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
No DOI is recorded.
Source kind: measurement
Recorded technique: Mach-Zehnder interferometer in vacuo with fused-silica optics (so lambda >= 167 nm), a 117.18 +- 0.01 cm test cell in a water jacket, a molecular-hydrogen continuum source with Si I, Si II, N I and H2 emission lines as wavelength markers. The cell was filled to about 1 atm + 5 Torr at a fixed wavelength, the wavelength scanned at constant pressure (fringes counted photoelectrically; photographed below about 250 nm), and the cell evacuated at fixed wavelength; corrections for ‘quartz’ fringes and drift (pp. 1422-1425). Pressure by Baratron and mercury barometer (+-0.053 %), temperature by thermistors (+-0.067 %). Airco gases (He grade 6, H2 grade 6, O2 grade 4.7, Kr grade 4.5), analyses in Table I.
Materials in structured entries: CO, H2, He, Kr, O2
Dataset quantities: refractivity
Contents: 18 datasets; 0 formulas.
Curation notes#
Identity unverified by the library: observed title ‘Refractivities of H2, He, O2, CO, and Kr for 168 <= lambda <= 288 nm’, P. L. Smith, M. C. E. Huber, W. H. Parkinson, received 18 November 1975; the citation (Phys. Rev. A 13, 1422 (1976)) is the curators’, not confirmed by the paper. No DOI recorded. Page numbers are counted from 1422 on the pdf.
Reduction (p. 1424, Eq. 4): to T0 = 273.15 K, P0 = 760 Torr with Mansfield and Peck’s Lorentz-Lorenz form and compressibilities from Hilsenrath (NBS Circ. 564) or virial coefficients from Sengers, Klein and Gallagher: a real-gas reduction; measurements were made near standard conditions, so the correction terms are small. Wavelengths are vacuum wavelengths (Moore’s air wavelengths above 200 nm converted with Coleman, Bozman and Meggers; lines marked * in Table IV computed from a polynomial fit, +-0.02 nm).
Uncertainties (Table III, p. 1427, ‘90% confidence limit’): He 1.1 % below and 0.65 % above 220 nm at 1 atm, 0.58 % and 0.35 % at 2 atm; the helium discussion (p. 1433) quotes ‘about +-0.6% at short wavelengths to +-0.35% at longer wavelengths’, so the 2 atm values are used. H2 0.22 / 0.17 %. O2 0.24 / 0.11 %, and 1.0 % below 197 nm (191.85 and 184.30 nm, pressure from Eq. 3a, about 250 Torr, in windows of the Schumann-Runge bands). Kr 0.11 / 0.10 %, 0.13 % below 190 nm at 1 atm (0.3 % for the 0.25 atm photographic run, normalised to the 1 atm data at 197-244 nm). For a given gas, ratios are better: ‘given essentially by the uncertainties in the fringe counts’ (the Delta N/N columns of Table III). A check against Edlen’s standard air (p. 1428) agrees to 0.048 %, and the authors think their results ‘probably more accurate than is indicated’. Helium values are typically the average of two measurements, mean absolute deviation 0.27 % (p. 1431).
The krypton values supersede Smith, Parkinson and Huber, Opt. Commun. 14, 374 (1975) (‘slight changes ... from an improved calculation of the drift correction’, p. 1433), which bideau_mehu_1981 reproduces. The paper’s two-term Sellmeier interpolations (H2, Kr) are tabulated but their coefficients are not printed: no formulas. CO (Table VII, grade 4): below 220 nm fringes could not be obtained at 1 atm ‘because of absorption by the bands of the fourth positive system’; photographic measurements at about 100 Torr were ‘put onto the absolute scale’ as for Kr (p. 1425); uncertainty 0.10 % above and 0.58 % below 220 nm (Table III, 90 % confidence), ‘from +-0.1% to +-0.6%’ (p. 1433); a three-term Lagrange interpolation, not a Sellmeier, was fitted (p. 1429). Table IV’s Delta (%) for the ‘other measurements’ has the sign of theory minus measurement, against its footnote.
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
smith_1976/experiment_He#
{
"id": "experiment_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/smith_1976__experiment_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_e2f6e80b5c2b",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "real",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.0035,
"level": "90 % confidence",
"relative_rows": {
"212.48": 0.0058,
"205.88": 0.0058,
"198.90": 0.0058,
"198.32": 0.0058,
"190.13": 0.0058,
"185.07": 0.0058,
"184.75": 0.0058,
"177.09": 0.0058,
"174.27": 0.0058,
"172.26": 0.0058,
"171.34": 0.0058,
"170.44": 0.0058,
"170.16": 0.0058,
"169.91": 0.0058,
"168.46": 0.0058,
"167.96": 0.0058
}
}
}
Table IV, ‘This experiment’. The 174.27 and 185.07 nm values measured at fixed wavelength agree better with theory (p. 1433).
smith_1976/victor_theory_He#
{
"id": "victor_theory_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/smith_1976__victor_theory_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_e2f6e80b5c2b",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"G. A. Victor, private communication (Ref. 28)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.001,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table IV ‘Theory’, uncertainty +-0.1 % (p. 1430). The same calculation as huber_1974’s victor_theory, at other wavelengths.
smith_1976/abjean_1970_He#
{
"id": "abjean_1970_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/smith_1976__abjean_1970_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_e2f6e80b5c2b",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"R. Abjean, A. Mehu and A. Johannin-Gilles, C. R. Acad. Sci. B 271, 835 (1970)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.02,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table IV ‘Other measurements’, footnote d; uncertainty +-2 % (p. 1430). The original is not in the library; this is the best copy available.
smith_1976/huber_tondello_1974_He#
{
"id": "huber_tondello_1974_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/smith_1976__huber_tondello_1974_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_e2f6e80b5c2b",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"huber_1974"
]
}
Table IV, footnote e: huber_1974’s 190, 180 and 170 nm values (3.77, 3.73, 3.74 e-5), identical.
smith_1976/bideau_mehu_unpublished_He#
{
"id": "bideau_mehu_unpublished_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/smith_1976__bideau_mehu_unpublished_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_e2f6e80b5c2b",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"A. Bideau-Mehu, Y. Guern, R. Abjean and A. Johannin-Gilles (unpublished) (Ref. 18)"
]
}
Table IV, footnote f, 170.2 nm. bideau_mehu_1981 has no helium; the original publication is not in the library, so this copy may be fitted.
smith_1976/experiment_H2#
{
"id": "experiment_H2",
"material": "H2",
"file": "H2/smith_1976__experiment_H2.csv",
"table": "tbl_5b5868c91642",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "real",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.0017,
"level": "90 % confidence",
"relative_rows": {
"212.48": 0.0022,
"205.88": 0.0022,
"198.90": 0.0022,
"198.32": 0.0022,
"197.76": 0.0022,
"190.13": 0.0022,
"185.07": 0.0022,
"184.75": 0.0022,
"181.69": 0.0022,
"177.09": 0.0022,
"172.23": 0.0022,
"171.34": 0.0022,
"170.45": 0.0022,
"169.91": 0.0022,
"169.79": 0.0022,
"168.46": 0.0022,
"167.97": 0.0022
}
}
}
Table V ‘This expt.’; normal hydrogen (ortho:para 3:1 per the supplier). About 1 % above Ford’s theory and 0.2 % below Koch and Kirn (p. 1433).
smith_1976/interpolated_H2#
{
"id": "interpolated_H2",
"material": "H2",
"file": "H2/smith_1976__interpolated_H2.csv",
"table": "tbl_5b5868c91642",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "real",
"use": "check"
}
Table V ‘Interpolated value’: the paper’s two-term Sellmeier fit to its data (coefficients not printed).
smith_1976/ford_theory_H2#
{
"id": "ford_theory_H2",
"material": "H2",
"file": "H2/smith_1976__ford_theory_H2.csv",
"table": "tbl_5b5868c91642",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"A. L. Ford, private communication (Ref. 29), based on A. L. Ford and J. C. Browne, Phys. Rev. A 7, 418 (1973)"
]
}
Table V ‘Theory’, ‘calculated for a population distribution corresponding to 300 K’ (p. 1433).
smith_1976/koch_1913_H2#
{
"id": "koch_1913_H2",
"material": "H2",
"file": "H2/smith_1976__koch_1913_H2.csv",
"table": "tbl_5b5868c91642",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"J. Koch, Ark. Mat. Astron. Fys. 8 (No. 20), 1 (1913)"
]
}
Table V, footnote f. The four cells marked h (‘Extrapolated values’, 185-199 nm) are not extracted. The original is not in the library.
smith_1976/kirn_1921_H2#
{
"id": "kirn_1921_H2",
"material": "H2",
"file": "H2/smith_1976__kirn_1921_H2.csv",
"table": "tbl_5b5868c91642",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"M. Kirn, Ann. Phys. (Leipz.) 64, 566 (1921)"
]
}
Table V, footnote g; Kirn’s work reaches down to 185 nm (p. 1433). Identical to Koch at the five longest wavelengths. The original is not in the library.
smith_1976/experiment_O2#
{
"id": "experiment_O2",
"material": "O2",
"file": "O2/smith_1976__experiment_O2.csv",
"table": "tbl_1bad6e7f544c",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "real",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.0011,
"level": "90 % confidence",
"relative_rows": {
"212.48": 0.0024,
"205.88": 0.0024,
"198.90": 0.0024,
"198.64": 0.0024,
"198.32": 0.0024,
"198.06": 0.0024,
"197.92": 0.0024,
"197.76": 0.0024,
"191.85": 0.01,
"184.30": 0.01
}
}
}
Table VI. 191.85 and 184.30 nm (footnote b, stripped by the script): ‘do not correspond to spectral lines’, +-0.1 nm, measured at about 250 Torr in windows of the Schumann-Runge absorption, pressure from the fringe count between two known wavelengths (Eq. 3a), 1.0 % uncertainty. The International Critical Tables values at 275.3 and 289.4 nm are 10 % and 0.8 % higher (p. 1433).
smith_1976/experiment_Kr#
{
"id": "experiment_Kr",
"material": "Kr",
"file": "Kr/smith_1976__experiment_Kr.csv",
"table": "tbl_8156b916136f",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "real",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.001,
"level": "90 % confidence",
"relative_rows": {
"212.48": 0.0011,
"205.88": 0.0011,
"198.90": 0.0011,
"198.32": 0.0011,
"197.76": 0.0011,
"190.13": 0.0011,
"185.07": 0.0013,
"184.75": 0.0013,
"183.65": 0.0013,
"181.69": 0.0013,
"180.80": 0.0013,
"177.09": 0.0013,
"174.27": 0.0013,
"172.26": 0.0013,
"171.34": 0.0013,
"170.44": 0.0013,
"169.91": 0.0013,
"168.46": 0.0013,
"167.96": 0.0013
}
}
}
Table VIII ‘This experiment’. Below 244 nm partly from a 0.2 atm photographic run normalised to the 1 atm data at 197-244 nm (p. 1425).
smith_1976/interpolated_Kr#
{
"id": "interpolated_Kr",
"material": "Kr",
"file": "Kr/smith_1976__interpolated_Kr.csv",
"table": "tbl_8156b916136f",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "real",
"use": "check"
}
Table VIII ‘Interpolated value’: the paper’s two-term Sellmeier fit (coefficients not printed), 164-298 nm; outside 168-288 nm an extrapolation.
smith_1976/bideau_mehu_1981_Kr#
{
"id": "bideau_mehu_1981_Kr",
"material": "Kr",
"file": "Kr/smith_1976__bideau_mehu_1981_Kr.csv",
"table": "tbl_8156b916136f",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"bideau_mehu_1976"
]
}
Table VIII, footnote d (then unpublished): identical to bideau_mehu_1976’s revised krypton (Table 3) at all six wavelengths, which bideau_mehu_1981’s experiment_Kr also reprints.
smith_1976/kronjager_koch_Kr#
{
"id": "kronjager_koch_Kr",
"material": "Kr",
"file": "Kr/smith_1976__kronjager_koch_Kr.csv",
"table": "tbl_8156b916136f",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"W. Kronjager, Z. Phys. 98, 17 (1936); dissertation, Technische Hochschule Braunschweig (1934)",
"J. Koch, K. Fysiogr. Saellsk. Lund. Forh. 19, 173 (1949)",
"leonard_1974"
]
}
Table VIII, footnote f: ‘cited by Leonard’; the table does not say which value is whose. Take the originals from leonard_1974 if it separates them.
smith_1976/experiment_CO#
{
"id": "experiment_CO",
"material": "CO",
"file": "CO/smith_1976__experiment_CO.csv",
"table": "tbl_a6e86bb4461b",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "real",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.001,
"level": "90 % confidence",
"relative_rows": {
"212.48": 0.0058,
"205.88": 0.0058,
"198.90": 0.0058,
"198.32": 0.0058,
"190.13": 0.0058,
"185.07": 0.0058,
"184.75": 0.0058,
"181.69": 0.0058,
"180.80": 0.0058,
"177.09": 0.0058,
"174.27": 0.0058,
"172.26": 0.0058,
"171.34": 0.0058,
"170.44": 0.0058,
"169.91": 0.0058,
"168.46": 0.0058,
"167.96": 0.0058,
"167.44": 0.0058,
"167.20": 0.0058
}
}
}
Table VII ‘This expt.’, the unmarked cells (measurements at Si I, Si II, N I and H2 lines; 167.20 nm is an interpolated line wavelength, +-0.02 nm). Below 220 nm from photographic runs at about 100 Torr normalised to the 1 atm data (p. 1425). The fitted curve ‘cannot be used to obtain accurate refractivity values in the region of the bands belonging to the fourth positive system’ (Fig. 6 caption, p. 1429); the paper does not say which rows lie near bands.
smith_1976/interpolated_CO#
{
"id": "interpolated_CO",
"material": "CO",
"file": "CO/smith_1976__interpolated_CO.csv",
"table": "tbl_a6e86bb4461b",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "real",
"use": "check"
}
Table VII ‘This expt.’ cells marked d: ‘Refractivity computed from three-term Lagrange fit to our data’, at Koch’s ten wavelengths (237.9-289.4 nm), for the comparison in the Delta (%) column.
smith_1976/koch_1914_CO#
{
"id": "koch_1914_CO",
"material": "CO",
"file": "CO/smith_1976__koch_1914_CO.csv",
"table": "tbl_a6e86bb4461b",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"J. Koch, Ark. Mat. Astron. Fys. 10 (1914), as listed in International Critical Tables, edited by E. W. Washburn (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1930), Vol. VII, pp. 2-11"
]
}
Table VII ‘Prev. expt.’ (footnote b). Neither Koch nor the International Critical Tables is in the library, so this copy is the best available. The column sits under the table’s ‘lambda_vac’ heading, but the wavelengths are printed to 0.1 nm (about the size of the air-vacuum difference here) and the paper does not say whether Koch’s or the ICT’s air wavelengths were converted; the uncertainty of the wavelength is about +-0.1 nm. Agrees with Smith’s interpolation to 0.08 % or better (p. 1433).
Formulas#
No formulas are recorded.
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.