leviton_2008#
D. B. Leviton and B. J. Frey, “Temperature-dependent absolute refractive index measurements of synthetic fused silica”, arXiv:0805.0091 (2008)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
Source kind: measurement
Recorded technique: Minimum deviation in CHARMS (the Cryogenic, High-Accuracy Refraction Measuring System, NASA Goddard), in vacuum: the absolute index. Five prisms (apex 59 degrees, refracting faces 38.1 mm, height 28 mm) from five cores taken around the perimeter of the 1 m Corning 7980 blank of the Kepler Schmidt corrector (serials 72, 144, 216, 288, 360). Light: a quartz tungsten halogen lamp through a monochromator ‘with a calibrated wavelength accuracy of 0.2 nm’ (p. 3). Kepler study: all five prisms, 135-305 K, 18 wavelengths 0.4-1.15 um (p. 2). Extended study: two of the five, ‘selected arbitrarily’, 30-310 K, 0.4-2.6 um (p. 5). ‘over 7600 individual, direct measurements’ (p. 10). dn/dT from piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6).
Materials in structured entries: SiO2
Dataset quantities: refractive_index, refractive_index_deviation, thermo_optic_coefficient
Contents: 46 datasets; 1 formula.
Curation notes#
PDF pages 1-11 (the arXiv preprint; no journal pagination). Identity checked against the first page. Section 5 is missing from the numbering (4 is followed by 6).
PUBLICATION. The library copy is arXiv:0805.0091 (submitted 2008), and it is cited as such. The paper itself prints no journal or proceedings: its latest reference is 2005 (and an undated SPIE Newsroom item), and the PDF was made on 7 May 2006 (its metadata title is that of the authors’ SPIE 5904 paper, ref. 6). It is the preprint of Proc. SPIE 6273, 62732K (2006), doi:10.1117/12.672853, now in the library as leviton_2006: the two texts are identical apart from the SPIE footnote, and all eight tables are identical number for number (compared 2026-09-27; see leviton_2006). franta_2017 cites Frey, Leviton and Madison, Proc. SPIE 6273, 62732J (2006), a neighbouring paper. The data are curated here, from this copy; leviton_2006 holds no datasets.
MEDIUM. The index is absolute (in vacuum) throughout: ‘we have measured the absolute refractive index’ (abstract). The paper does not say whether its wavelengths are vacuum or air values; the monochromator’s calibration medium is not stated. The records take them as vacuum wavelengths (the default). At 0.45 um an air/vacuum wavelength difference (1.2e-4 um) would move n by about 1e-5 (dn/dlambda = -0.078/um, Table 5), the size of the stated uncertainty.
ACCURACY. ‘absolute uncertainty of +-1 x 10^-5’ (abstract); ‘an accuracy level of 1 part in the fifth decimal place of index’ (p. 10). Table 1 (‘Worst case uncertainties’, p. 3; four partial errors, from the wavelength, temperature, apex-angle and deviation-angle uncertainties, ‘combined in quadrature’, p. 6), in units of 1e-6, at 30, 80, 150, 250, 295 K: 0.5 um 11, 11, 11, 10, 10; 1.0 um 8, 9, 9, 8, 7; 1.5 um 9, 10, 10, 9, 8; 2.0 um 14, 15, 14, 14, 14; 2.5 um 17, 18, 17, 17, 17 (larger beyond 2 um ‘due to a dramatic increase in dispersion ... approaching the deep absorption feature at 2.75 microns’). The level is not stated. Prisms: ‘the samples are indistinguishable in refractive index at any temperature to within our stated uncertainty’ (p. 3): residuals of per-prism quadratic fits in T ‘< 2 x 10^-6 rms ... +9/-6 x 10^-6 on a peak-to-valley basis’; at 633 nm the rms departure of all measurements from the global fit is 4e-6, peak 1e-5 (p. 3). dn/dT: ‘Statistical variations ... at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract); peak deviation of any sample from the five-sample mean 5e-8/K, noise per sample about +-2e-8/K (p. 3).
TABLE 4 is computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier (‘based on the three term, temperature-dependent Sellmeier fit described in Table 3’, caption, p. 7): the fit reproduces all 208 cells to their printed five decimals (see the formula’s check). Figure 4’s caption calls the same values ‘measured’. The measured points themselves are not tabulated.
TABLE 5 (dn/dlambda, 1/um, 15 wavelengths 0.45-2.5 um x 13 temperatures): ‘computed by dividing differences in index value ... by corresponding differences in wavelength’ on the regular grid (p. 6); no quantity for it, not transcribed. E.g. -0.0772 (30 K) to -0.0780 (300 K) at 0.45 um; -0.0128 at 1.0 um; -0.0190 at 2.5 um; ‘Spectral dispersion appears to be a very weak function of temperature’ (p. 10).
TABLE 6 (dn/dT) comes from the piecewise quadratic fits in T, not from the Sellmeier: the Sellmeier’s T-derivative differs from it by up to 2.1e-6/K (a factor 2.7 at 0.4 um and 30 K: 3.4e-6 against 1.25e-6; 9.4e-6 against 9.70e-6 at 0.4 um and 295 K). Use Table 6, not the formula’s derivative, for dn/dT.
COMPARISON WITH MALITSON (bears on TC-323). ‘the well-accepted dispersion law for synthetic fused silica in air of Malitson’ (p. 3); ‘we adjust the dispersion law to vacuum assuming the index of air at room temperature to be 1.00027. Our measurements agree with that dispersion law to generally well less than 1 x 10^-5 and typically to less than +-5 x 10^-6 until the absorption feature starting at about 2 microns is reached’ (p. 3); the departure beyond 2.25 um is attributed to purity and to how refractometers treat absorbing regions. A Corning 7940 prism, measured earlier, ‘agreed well with Malitson’s dispersion law (corrected to vacuum)’ at 2.9-3.75 um (p. 5). Malitson (1965) is described as ‘minimum deviation in air’ (p. 1), and ‘room temperature data of Malitson (which are in air)’ (p. 9). These are Leviton and Frey’s readings of Malitson, who does not say (TC-323). Recomputed here (2026-09-26): the Table 3 fit at 293.15 K minus 1.00027 x Malitson’s Eq. (1) is within +1.4e-5 to -3.1e-6 from 0.4 to 2.0 um (at 295 K, +3.2e-5 to +1.2e-5); with Malitson’s wavelengths read as standard-air values and Edlen’s dry air at 20 C and 101 325 Pa, the rms is 4.5e-6 (mean -3.2e-6) over 0.4-2.0 um; read as absolute (vacuum), Malitson is 3.8-4.0e-4 below.
WAXLER AND CLEEK (Table 7): ‘While their measurements were made in vacuum, their results are reported in air’ (p. 1); W&C ‘appeal[ed] to room temperature data of Malitson (which are in air)’ (p. 9); Leviton and Frey ‘correct W&C’s measurements to be in vacuum’ (p. 9) and find them ‘lower than those from CHARMS by several parts in the fifth decimal place of index at temperatures below 160 K’ (p. 10). The original is waxler_1971 (Corning Code 7940; Table 1, ‘refer[s] to air at 20 C’). Recomputed 2026-09-27: its Table 1 times the index of dry air at 20 C and 101 325 Pa (Edlen), minus this paper’s Table 3 formula at the lines’ vacuum wavelengths, reproduces all 60 Table 7 differences within 1.1e-5 (57 within 0.8e-5), i.e. to their rounding.
MATSUOKA ET AL. (Table 8). The original is matsuoka_1991. Its ‘photon energies’ are hc/lambda of the Hg lines’ air wavelengths (hc = 1239.852 eV nm); Table 8 is reproduced (12 of 15 values to the rounding, the others within 0.9e-5) only with this paper’s formula evaluated at 1239.852/E nm taken as a vacuum wavelength, i.e. at the air wavelength. At the true vacuum wavelengths Matsuoka minus CHARMS is 0.6-1.2e-5 higher: -1.6 to -1.0 x 1e-5 at 0.546 um, -1.0 to +0.6 at 0.436 um, -0.8 to +0.6 at 0.405 um (recomputed 2026-09-27; see matsuoka_1991).
OTHER STUDIES named (p. 1), not tabulated: Malitson (1965) ‘+-0.5 x 10^-5 for the visible to +-2 x 10^-5 in the infrared’; Wray and Neu (1969), Corning 7940 in vacuum, +-2e-4, 300-1100 K; Matsuoka et al. (1991), 108-356 K. PMIC’s dn(T) (Figure 2) show ‘two knees’ at -70 C and -35 C; PMIC’s dn/dT at 633 nm is ‘everywhere higher’ than CHARMS’s (Figure 3); spreads: PMIC 15e-8/K near 265 K up to 150e-8/K, CHARMS at most 9e-8/K (p. 5).
FIGURES (not digitised): 1, index at 633 nm of the five prisms against the global fit; 2, PMIC’s dn(T); 3, dn/dT at 633 nm, PMIC and CHARMS, 140-305 K; 4-6, n, dn/dlambda, dn/dT; 7, the wavelength-temperature coverage of the studies.
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
leviton_2008/n_30K#
{
"id": "n_30K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_30K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 30,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 30 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_40K#
{
"id": "n_40K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_40K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 40,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 40 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_50K#
{
"id": "n_50K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_50K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 50,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 50 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_60K#
{
"id": "n_60K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_60K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 60,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 60 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_80K#
{
"id": "n_80K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_80K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 80,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 80 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_100K#
{
"id": "n_100K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_100K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 100,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 100 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_120K#
{
"id": "n_120K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_120K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 120,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 120 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_160K#
{
"id": "n_160K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_160K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 160,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 160 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_200K#
{
"id": "n_200K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_200K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 200,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 200 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_240K#
{
"id": "n_240K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_240K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 240,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 240 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_275K#
{
"id": "n_275K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_275K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 275,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 275 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_295K#
{
"id": "n_295K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_295K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 295,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 295 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/n_300K#
{
"id": "n_300K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__n_300K.csv",
"table": "tbl_e21403d142ed",
"quantity": "refractive_index",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 300,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 1e-05,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 4, 300 K column: the absolute index at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, as computed from the Table 3 Sellmeier fit to the measurements (Table 4 caption); a sampling of the fit, not individual measurements. Uncertainty: the abstract’s +-1e-5 (level not stated); Table 1 gives the worst-case budget, 0.7-1.1e-5 to 1.5 um and 1.4-1.8e-5 at 2.0-2.5 um (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/dndt_30K#
{
"id": "dndt_30K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_30K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 30,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 30 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_40K#
{
"id": "dndt_40K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_40K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 40,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 40 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_50K#
{
"id": "dndt_50K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_50K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 50,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 50 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_60K#
{
"id": "dndt_60K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_60K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 60,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 60 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_80K#
{
"id": "dndt_80K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_80K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 80,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 80 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_100K#
{
"id": "dndt_100K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_100K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 100,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 100 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_120K#
{
"id": "dndt_120K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_120K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 120,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 120 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_160K#
{
"id": "dndt_160K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_160K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 160,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 160 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_200K#
{
"id": "dndt_200K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_200K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 200,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 200 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_240K#
{
"id": "dndt_240K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_240K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 240,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 240 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_275K#
{
"id": "dndt_275K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_275K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 275,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 275 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_295K#
{
"id": "dndt_295K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_295K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 295,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 295 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/dndt_300K#
{
"id": "dndt_300K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__dndt_300K.csv",
"table": "tbl_1e2b6a0f092c",
"quantity": "thermo_optic_coefficient",
"unit": "1/K",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 300,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 2e-08,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 6, 300 K column: dn/dT (1/K) at 16 wavelengths, 0.4-2.6 um, from the CHARMS Data Cruncher’s piecewise quadratic fits of n(T) per wavelength (p. 6), not from the Table 3 Sellmeier. Uncertainty: ‘Statistical variations in derived values of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) are at the +-2 x 10^-8/K level’ (abstract; level not stated).
leviton_2008/pmic_minus_charms_160K#
{
"id": "pmic_minus_charms_160K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__pmic_minus_charms_160K.csv",
"table": "tbl_164512d3b768",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Precision Measurements and Instruments Corporation (PMIC), Corvallis, Oregon: interferometric dn(T) at 0.6328 um of the Kepler corrector core specimens, unpublished (commissioned by the Kepler Project; Leviton and Frey pp. 2-3)"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008: the global quadratic fit n(T) of the CHARMS data at 633 nm (Figure 1; not printed)",
"temperature_k": 160,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "interferometric fringe counting with CTE (PMIC)",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 2, 160 K: Delta n = PMIC - CHARMS (ppm) at 0.6328 um (PMIC’s HeNe wavelength, p. 2; the table prints none). PMIC’s n is the CHARMS room-temperature n plus PMIC’s average dn (from PMIC’s fits of dn(T) per sample); CHARMS’s is the global quadratic fit n(T) at 633 nm of Figure 1 (over 5000 measurements of the five prisms; its coefficients are not printed). The sigma column is the table’s ‘spread in dn from PMIC fits [ppm]’ across the specimens, not a stated uncertainty. The 295 K column (room temperature) is shaded in the table.
leviton_2008/pmic_minus_charms_170K#
{
"id": "pmic_minus_charms_170K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__pmic_minus_charms_170K.csv",
"table": "tbl_164512d3b768",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Precision Measurements and Instruments Corporation (PMIC), Corvallis, Oregon: interferometric dn(T) at 0.6328 um of the Kepler corrector core specimens, unpublished (commissioned by the Kepler Project; Leviton and Frey pp. 2-3)"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008: the global quadratic fit n(T) of the CHARMS data at 633 nm (Figure 1; not printed)",
"temperature_k": 170,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "interferometric fringe counting with CTE (PMIC)",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 2, 170 K: Delta n = PMIC - CHARMS (ppm) at 0.6328 um (PMIC’s HeNe wavelength, p. 2; the table prints none). PMIC’s n is the CHARMS room-temperature n plus PMIC’s average dn (from PMIC’s fits of dn(T) per sample); CHARMS’s is the global quadratic fit n(T) at 633 nm of Figure 1 (over 5000 measurements of the five prisms; its coefficients are not printed). The sigma column is the table’s ‘spread in dn from PMIC fits [ppm]’ across the specimens, not a stated uncertainty. The 295 K column (room temperature) is shaded in the table.
leviton_2008/pmic_minus_charms_180K#
{
"id": "pmic_minus_charms_180K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__pmic_minus_charms_180K.csv",
"table": "tbl_164512d3b768",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Precision Measurements and Instruments Corporation (PMIC), Corvallis, Oregon: interferometric dn(T) at 0.6328 um of the Kepler corrector core specimens, unpublished (commissioned by the Kepler Project; Leviton and Frey pp. 2-3)"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008: the global quadratic fit n(T) of the CHARMS data at 633 nm (Figure 1; not printed)",
"temperature_k": 180,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "interferometric fringe counting with CTE (PMIC)",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 2, 180 K: Delta n = PMIC - CHARMS (ppm) at 0.6328 um (PMIC’s HeNe wavelength, p. 2; the table prints none). PMIC’s n is the CHARMS room-temperature n plus PMIC’s average dn (from PMIC’s fits of dn(T) per sample); CHARMS’s is the global quadratic fit n(T) at 633 nm of Figure 1 (over 5000 measurements of the five prisms; its coefficients are not printed). The sigma column is the table’s ‘spread in dn from PMIC fits [ppm]’ across the specimens, not a stated uncertainty. The 295 K column (room temperature) is shaded in the table.
leviton_2008/pmic_minus_charms_190K#
{
"id": "pmic_minus_charms_190K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__pmic_minus_charms_190K.csv",
"table": "tbl_164512d3b768",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Precision Measurements and Instruments Corporation (PMIC), Corvallis, Oregon: interferometric dn(T) at 0.6328 um of the Kepler corrector core specimens, unpublished (commissioned by the Kepler Project; Leviton and Frey pp. 2-3)"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008: the global quadratic fit n(T) of the CHARMS data at 633 nm (Figure 1; not printed)",
"temperature_k": 190,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "interferometric fringe counting with CTE (PMIC)",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 2, 190 K: Delta n = PMIC - CHARMS (ppm) at 0.6328 um (PMIC’s HeNe wavelength, p. 2; the table prints none). PMIC’s n is the CHARMS room-temperature n plus PMIC’s average dn (from PMIC’s fits of dn(T) per sample); CHARMS’s is the global quadratic fit n(T) at 633 nm of Figure 1 (over 5000 measurements of the five prisms; its coefficients are not printed). The sigma column is the table’s ‘spread in dn from PMIC fits [ppm]’ across the specimens, not a stated uncertainty. The 295 K column (room temperature) is shaded in the table.
leviton_2008/pmic_minus_charms_200K#
{
"id": "pmic_minus_charms_200K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__pmic_minus_charms_200K.csv",
"table": "tbl_164512d3b768",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Precision Measurements and Instruments Corporation (PMIC), Corvallis, Oregon: interferometric dn(T) at 0.6328 um of the Kepler corrector core specimens, unpublished (commissioned by the Kepler Project; Leviton and Frey pp. 2-3)"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008: the global quadratic fit n(T) of the CHARMS data at 633 nm (Figure 1; not printed)",
"temperature_k": 200,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "interferometric fringe counting with CTE (PMIC)",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 2, 200 K: Delta n = PMIC - CHARMS (ppm) at 0.6328 um (PMIC’s HeNe wavelength, p. 2; the table prints none). PMIC’s n is the CHARMS room-temperature n plus PMIC’s average dn (from PMIC’s fits of dn(T) per sample); CHARMS’s is the global quadratic fit n(T) at 633 nm of Figure 1 (over 5000 measurements of the five prisms; its coefficients are not printed). The sigma column is the table’s ‘spread in dn from PMIC fits [ppm]’ across the specimens, not a stated uncertainty. The 295 K column (room temperature) is shaded in the table.
leviton_2008/pmic_minus_charms_210K#
{
"id": "pmic_minus_charms_210K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__pmic_minus_charms_210K.csv",
"table": "tbl_164512d3b768",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Precision Measurements and Instruments Corporation (PMIC), Corvallis, Oregon: interferometric dn(T) at 0.6328 um of the Kepler corrector core specimens, unpublished (commissioned by the Kepler Project; Leviton and Frey pp. 2-3)"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008: the global quadratic fit n(T) of the CHARMS data at 633 nm (Figure 1; not printed)",
"temperature_k": 210,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "interferometric fringe counting with CTE (PMIC)",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 2, 210 K: Delta n = PMIC - CHARMS (ppm) at 0.6328 um (PMIC’s HeNe wavelength, p. 2; the table prints none). PMIC’s n is the CHARMS room-temperature n plus PMIC’s average dn (from PMIC’s fits of dn(T) per sample); CHARMS’s is the global quadratic fit n(T) at 633 nm of Figure 1 (over 5000 measurements of the five prisms; its coefficients are not printed). The sigma column is the table’s ‘spread in dn from PMIC fits [ppm]’ across the specimens, not a stated uncertainty. The 295 K column (room temperature) is shaded in the table.
leviton_2008/pmic_minus_charms_220K#
{
"id": "pmic_minus_charms_220K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__pmic_minus_charms_220K.csv",
"table": "tbl_164512d3b768",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Precision Measurements and Instruments Corporation (PMIC), Corvallis, Oregon: interferometric dn(T) at 0.6328 um of the Kepler corrector core specimens, unpublished (commissioned by the Kepler Project; Leviton and Frey pp. 2-3)"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008: the global quadratic fit n(T) of the CHARMS data at 633 nm (Figure 1; not printed)",
"temperature_k": 220,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "interferometric fringe counting with CTE (PMIC)",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 2, 220 K: Delta n = PMIC - CHARMS (ppm) at 0.6328 um (PMIC’s HeNe wavelength, p. 2; the table prints none). PMIC’s n is the CHARMS room-temperature n plus PMIC’s average dn (from PMIC’s fits of dn(T) per sample); CHARMS’s is the global quadratic fit n(T) at 633 nm of Figure 1 (over 5000 measurements of the five prisms; its coefficients are not printed). The sigma column is the table’s ‘spread in dn from PMIC fits [ppm]’ across the specimens, not a stated uncertainty. The 295 K column (room temperature) is shaded in the table.
leviton_2008/pmic_minus_charms_230K#
{
"id": "pmic_minus_charms_230K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__pmic_minus_charms_230K.csv",
"table": "tbl_164512d3b768",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Precision Measurements and Instruments Corporation (PMIC), Corvallis, Oregon: interferometric dn(T) at 0.6328 um of the Kepler corrector core specimens, unpublished (commissioned by the Kepler Project; Leviton and Frey pp. 2-3)"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008: the global quadratic fit n(T) of the CHARMS data at 633 nm (Figure 1; not printed)",
"temperature_k": 230,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "interferometric fringe counting with CTE (PMIC)",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 2, 230 K: Delta n = PMIC - CHARMS (ppm) at 0.6328 um (PMIC’s HeNe wavelength, p. 2; the table prints none). PMIC’s n is the CHARMS room-temperature n plus PMIC’s average dn (from PMIC’s fits of dn(T) per sample); CHARMS’s is the global quadratic fit n(T) at 633 nm of Figure 1 (over 5000 measurements of the five prisms; its coefficients are not printed). The sigma column is the table’s ‘spread in dn from PMIC fits [ppm]’ across the specimens, not a stated uncertainty. The 295 K column (room temperature) is shaded in the table.
leviton_2008/pmic_minus_charms_295K#
{
"id": "pmic_minus_charms_295K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__pmic_minus_charms_295K.csv",
"table": "tbl_164512d3b768",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Precision Measurements and Instruments Corporation (PMIC), Corvallis, Oregon: interferometric dn(T) at 0.6328 um of the Kepler corrector core specimens, unpublished (commissioned by the Kepler Project; Leviton and Frey pp. 2-3)"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008: the global quadratic fit n(T) of the CHARMS data at 633 nm (Figure 1; not printed)",
"temperature_k": 295,
"grade": "Corning 7980",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "interferometric fringe counting with CTE (PMIC)",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
},
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table 2, 295 K: Delta n = PMIC - CHARMS (ppm) at 0.6328 um (PMIC’s HeNe wavelength, p. 2; the table prints none). PMIC’s n is the CHARMS room-temperature n plus PMIC’s average dn (from PMIC’s fits of dn(T) per sample); CHARMS’s is the global quadratic fit n(T) at 633 nm of Figure 1 (over 5000 measurements of the five prisms; its coefficients are not printed). The sigma column is the table’s ‘spread in dn from PMIC fits [ppm]’ across the specimens, not a stated uncertainty. The 295 K column (room temperature) is shaded in the table.
leviton_2008/waxler_cleek_minus_charms_73K#
{
"id": "waxler_cleek_minus_charms_73K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__waxler_cleek_minus_charms_73K.csv",
"table": "tbl_835faf4136ad",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"waxler_1971"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008/sellmeier",
"temperature_k": 73,
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "Fizeau interferometry of index changes (Waxler and Cleek)",
"grade": "Corning 7940",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
}
}
Table 7, 73 K: Waxler and Cleek’s indices, corrected by Leviton and Frey to vacuum (how is not stated), minus the Table 3 Sellmeier at the same wavelengths and temperatures (p. 9). Waxler and Cleek measured index changes by Fizeau fringes (room temperature to 81 K, 10 visible lines) and computed n by offsetting Malitson’s room-temperature data; ‘While their measurements were made in vacuum, their results are reported in air’ (p. 1). The wavelengths are printed to 1 nm (W&C’s lines; air and vacuum values round alike). Leviton and Frey do not name the grade; W&C’s specimen was Corning Code 7940 (waxler_1971, p. 279). Checked against waxler_1971 (2026-09-27): W&C’s Table 1 at 20 C air, made absolute with Edlen’s dry air at 20 C, minus the Table 3 formula reproduces every value within 1.1e-5.
leviton_2008/waxler_cleek_minus_charms_123K#
{
"id": "waxler_cleek_minus_charms_123K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__waxler_cleek_minus_charms_123K.csv",
"table": "tbl_835faf4136ad",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"waxler_1971"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008/sellmeier",
"temperature_k": 123,
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "Fizeau interferometry of index changes (Waxler and Cleek)",
"grade": "Corning 7940",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
}
}
Table 7, 123 K: Waxler and Cleek’s indices, corrected by Leviton and Frey to vacuum (how is not stated), minus the Table 3 Sellmeier at the same wavelengths and temperatures (p. 9). Waxler and Cleek measured index changes by Fizeau fringes (room temperature to 81 K, 10 visible lines) and computed n by offsetting Malitson’s room-temperature data; ‘While their measurements were made in vacuum, their results are reported in air’ (p. 1). The wavelengths are printed to 1 nm (W&C’s lines; air and vacuum values round alike). Leviton and Frey do not name the grade; W&C’s specimen was Corning Code 7940 (waxler_1971, p. 279). Checked against waxler_1971 (2026-09-27): W&C’s Table 1 at 20 C air, made absolute with Edlen’s dry air at 20 C, minus the Table 3 formula reproduces every value within 1.1e-5.
leviton_2008/waxler_cleek_minus_charms_173K#
{
"id": "waxler_cleek_minus_charms_173K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__waxler_cleek_minus_charms_173K.csv",
"table": "tbl_835faf4136ad",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"waxler_1971"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008/sellmeier",
"temperature_k": 173,
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "Fizeau interferometry of index changes (Waxler and Cleek)",
"grade": "Corning 7940",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
}
}
Table 7, 173 K: Waxler and Cleek’s indices, corrected by Leviton and Frey to vacuum (how is not stated), minus the Table 3 Sellmeier at the same wavelengths and temperatures (p. 9). Waxler and Cleek measured index changes by Fizeau fringes (room temperature to 81 K, 10 visible lines) and computed n by offsetting Malitson’s room-temperature data; ‘While their measurements were made in vacuum, their results are reported in air’ (p. 1). The wavelengths are printed to 1 nm (W&C’s lines; air and vacuum values round alike). Leviton and Frey do not name the grade; W&C’s specimen was Corning Code 7940 (waxler_1971, p. 279). Checked against waxler_1971 (2026-09-27): W&C’s Table 1 at 20 C air, made absolute with Edlen’s dry air at 20 C, minus the Table 3 formula reproduces every value within 1.1e-5.
leviton_2008/waxler_cleek_minus_charms_223K#
{
"id": "waxler_cleek_minus_charms_223K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__waxler_cleek_minus_charms_223K.csv",
"table": "tbl_835faf4136ad",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"waxler_1971"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008/sellmeier",
"temperature_k": 223,
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "Fizeau interferometry of index changes (Waxler and Cleek)",
"grade": "Corning 7940",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
}
}
Table 7, 223 K: Waxler and Cleek’s indices, corrected by Leviton and Frey to vacuum (how is not stated), minus the Table 3 Sellmeier at the same wavelengths and temperatures (p. 9). Waxler and Cleek measured index changes by Fizeau fringes (room temperature to 81 K, 10 visible lines) and computed n by offsetting Malitson’s room-temperature data; ‘While their measurements were made in vacuum, their results are reported in air’ (p. 1). The wavelengths are printed to 1 nm (W&C’s lines; air and vacuum values round alike). Leviton and Frey do not name the grade; W&C’s specimen was Corning Code 7940 (waxler_1971, p. 279). Checked against waxler_1971 (2026-09-27): W&C’s Table 1 at 20 C air, made absolute with Edlen’s dry air at 20 C, minus the Table 3 formula reproduces every value within 1.1e-5.
leviton_2008/waxler_cleek_minus_charms_273K#
{
"id": "waxler_cleek_minus_charms_273K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__waxler_cleek_minus_charms_273K.csv",
"table": "tbl_835faf4136ad",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"waxler_1971"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008/sellmeier",
"temperature_k": 273,
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "Fizeau interferometry of index changes (Waxler and Cleek)",
"grade": "Corning 7940",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
}
}
Table 7, 273 K: Waxler and Cleek’s indices, corrected by Leviton and Frey to vacuum (how is not stated), minus the Table 3 Sellmeier at the same wavelengths and temperatures (p. 9). Waxler and Cleek measured index changes by Fizeau fringes (room temperature to 81 K, 10 visible lines) and computed n by offsetting Malitson’s room-temperature data; ‘While their measurements were made in vacuum, their results are reported in air’ (p. 1). The wavelengths are printed to 1 nm (W&C’s lines; air and vacuum values round alike). Leviton and Frey do not name the grade; W&C’s specimen was Corning Code 7940 (waxler_1971, p. 279). Checked against waxler_1971 (2026-09-27): W&C’s Table 1 at 20 C air, made absolute with Edlen’s dry air at 20 C, minus the Table 3 formula reproduces every value within 1.1e-5.
leviton_2008/waxler_cleek_minus_charms_293K#
{
"id": "waxler_cleek_minus_charms_293K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__waxler_cleek_minus_charms_293K.csv",
"table": "tbl_835faf4136ad",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"waxler_1971"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008/sellmeier",
"temperature_k": 293,
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "Fizeau interferometry of index changes (Waxler and Cleek)",
"grade": "Corning 7940",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
}
}
Table 7, 293 K: Waxler and Cleek’s indices, corrected by Leviton and Frey to vacuum (how is not stated), minus the Table 3 Sellmeier at the same wavelengths and temperatures (p. 9). Waxler and Cleek measured index changes by Fizeau fringes (room temperature to 81 K, 10 visible lines) and computed n by offsetting Malitson’s room-temperature data; ‘While their measurements were made in vacuum, their results are reported in air’ (p. 1). The wavelengths are printed to 1 nm (W&C’s lines; air and vacuum values round alike). Leviton and Frey do not name the grade; W&C’s specimen was Corning Code 7940 (waxler_1971, p. 279). Checked against waxler_1971 (2026-09-27): W&C’s Table 1 at 20 C air, made absolute with Edlen’s dry air at 20 C, minus the Table 3 formula reproduces every value within 1.1e-5.
leviton_2008/matsuoka_minus_charms_108K#
{
"id": "matsuoka_minus_charms_108K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__matsuoka_minus_charms_108K.csv",
"table": "tbl_bb97e696ab87",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"matsuoka_1991"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008/sellmeier",
"temperature_k": 108,
"grade": "Type III silica glass (Nippon Seiki Glass Company)",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
}
}
Table 8, 108 K: Matsuoka et al.’s absolute indices (Type III silica glass, Nippon Seiki Glass Company; minimum deviation in vacuum, ‘reported precision of +-3 x 10^-6’, 108-356 K, p. 1) minus CHARMS. The paper does not say which CHARMS values (Table 7’s comparison uses the Table 3 Sellmeier, taken here as the reference). ‘CHARMS indices appear to be systematically higher than those of Matsuoka by 1 to 2 parts in the fifth decimal place’, attributed to the material (p. 10). The original is matsuoka_1991 (which prints the maker as ‘Nippon Sekiei Glass Co.’, about 1200 ppm OH): its energies are hc/lambda of the Hg lines’ air wavelengths, and these differences are reproduced only when the Table 3 formula is evaluated at that air wavelength; at the true vacuum wavelengths they are 0.6-1.2e-5 higher (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/matsuoka_minus_charms_162K#
{
"id": "matsuoka_minus_charms_162K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__matsuoka_minus_charms_162K.csv",
"table": "tbl_bb97e696ab87",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"matsuoka_1991"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008/sellmeier",
"temperature_k": 162,
"grade": "Type III silica glass (Nippon Seiki Glass Company)",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
}
}
Table 8, 162 K: Matsuoka et al.’s absolute indices (Type III silica glass, Nippon Seiki Glass Company; minimum deviation in vacuum, ‘reported precision of +-3 x 10^-6’, 108-356 K, p. 1) minus CHARMS. The paper does not say which CHARMS values (Table 7’s comparison uses the Table 3 Sellmeier, taken here as the reference). ‘CHARMS indices appear to be systematically higher than those of Matsuoka by 1 to 2 parts in the fifth decimal place’, attributed to the material (p. 10). The original is matsuoka_1991 (which prints the maker as ‘Nippon Sekiei Glass Co.’, about 1200 ppm OH): its energies are hc/lambda of the Hg lines’ air wavelengths, and these differences are reproduced only when the Table 3 formula is evaluated at that air wavelength; at the true vacuum wavelengths they are 0.6-1.2e-5 higher (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/matsuoka_minus_charms_230K#
{
"id": "matsuoka_minus_charms_230K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__matsuoka_minus_charms_230K.csv",
"table": "tbl_bb97e696ab87",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"matsuoka_1991"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008/sellmeier",
"temperature_k": 230,
"grade": "Type III silica glass (Nippon Seiki Glass Company)",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
}
}
Table 8, 230 K: Matsuoka et al.’s absolute indices (Type III silica glass, Nippon Seiki Glass Company; minimum deviation in vacuum, ‘reported precision of +-3 x 10^-6’, 108-356 K, p. 1) minus CHARMS. The paper does not say which CHARMS values (Table 7’s comparison uses the Table 3 Sellmeier, taken here as the reference). ‘CHARMS indices appear to be systematically higher than those of Matsuoka by 1 to 2 parts in the fifth decimal place’, attributed to the material (p. 10). The original is matsuoka_1991 (which prints the maker as ‘Nippon Sekiei Glass Co.’, about 1200 ppm OH): its energies are hc/lambda of the Hg lines’ air wavelengths, and these differences are reproduced only when the Table 3 formula is evaluated at that air wavelength; at the true vacuum wavelengths they are 0.6-1.2e-5 higher (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/matsuoka_minus_charms_276K#
{
"id": "matsuoka_minus_charms_276K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__matsuoka_minus_charms_276K.csv",
"table": "tbl_bb97e696ab87",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"matsuoka_1991"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008/sellmeier",
"temperature_k": 276,
"grade": "Type III silica glass (Nippon Seiki Glass Company)",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
}
}
Table 8, 276 K: Matsuoka et al.’s absolute indices (Type III silica glass, Nippon Seiki Glass Company; minimum deviation in vacuum, ‘reported precision of +-3 x 10^-6’, 108-356 K, p. 1) minus CHARMS. The paper does not say which CHARMS values (Table 7’s comparison uses the Table 3 Sellmeier, taken here as the reference). ‘CHARMS indices appear to be systematically higher than those of Matsuoka by 1 to 2 parts in the fifth decimal place’, attributed to the material (p. 10). The original is matsuoka_1991 (which prints the maker as ‘Nippon Sekiei Glass Co.’, about 1200 ppm OH): its energies are hc/lambda of the Hg lines’ air wavelengths, and these differences are reproduced only when the Table 3 formula is evaluated at that air wavelength; at the true vacuum wavelengths they are 0.6-1.2e-5 higher (see the source notes).
leviton_2008/matsuoka_minus_charms_294K#
{
"id": "matsuoka_minus_charms_294K",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/leviton_2008__matsuoka_minus_charms_294K.csv",
"table": "tbl_bb97e696ab87",
"quantity": "refractive_index_deviation",
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"matsuoka_1991"
],
"parameters": {
"reference": "leviton_2008/sellmeier",
"temperature_k": 294,
"grade": "Type III silica glass (Nippon Seiki Glass Company)",
"form": "bulk",
"technique": "minimum deviation",
"index_medium": "vacuum"
}
}
Table 8, 294 K: Matsuoka et al.’s absolute indices (Type III silica glass, Nippon Seiki Glass Company; minimum deviation in vacuum, ‘reported precision of +-3 x 10^-6’, 108-356 K, p. 1) minus CHARMS. The paper does not say which CHARMS values (Table 7’s comparison uses the Table 3 Sellmeier, taken here as the reference). ‘CHARMS indices appear to be systematically higher than those of Matsuoka by 1 to 2 parts in the fifth decimal place’, attributed to the material (p. 10). The original is matsuoka_1991 (which prints the maker as ‘Nippon Sekiei Glass Co.’, about 1200 ppm OH): its energies are hc/lambda of the Hg lines’ air wavelengths, and these differences are reproduced only when the Table 3 formula is evaluated at that air wavelength; at the true vacuum wavelengths they are 0.6-1.2e-5 higher (see the source notes).
Formulas#
leviton_2008/sellmeier#
{
"id": "sellmeier",
"form": "n2_sellmeier_temperature",
"terms": {
"S1": [
"1.10127E+00",
"-4.94251E-05",
"5.27414E-07",
"-1.59700E-09",
"1.75949E-12"
],
"S2": [
"1.78752E-05",
"4.76391E-05",
"-4.49019E-07",
"1.44546E-09",
"-1.57223E-12"
],
"S3": [
"7.93552E-01",
"-1.27815E-03",
"1.84595E-05",
"-9.20275E-08",
"1.48829E-10"
],
"L1": [
"-8.90600E-02",
"9.08730E-06",
"-6.53638E-08",
"7.77072E-11",
"6.84605E-14"
],
"L2": [
"2.97562E-01",
"-8.59578E-04",
"6.59069E-06",
"-1.09482E-08",
"7.85145E-13"
],
"L3": [
"9.34454E+00",
"-7.09788E-03",
"1.01968E-04",
"-5.07660E-07",
"8.21348E-10"
]
},
"range_nm": [
400,
2600
],
"temperature_range_k": [
30,
300
],
"reference_temperature_k": 295,
"index_medium": "vacuum",
"material": "SiO2",
"parameters": {
"grade": "Corning 7980"
},
"equation": "The equations of p. 6 (unnumbered) with Table 3 (p. 6)",
"printed": "n^2(lambda, T) - 1 = sum_{i=1}^{3} S_i(T) lambda^2 / (lambda^2 - lambda_i^2(T)), S_i(T) = sum_{j=0}^{4} S_ij T^j, lambda_i(T) = sum_{j=0}^{4} lambda_ij T^j",
"variable": "lambda: wavelength in um (the paper does not say vacuum or air; taken as vacuum, see the source notes); T: temperature in K",
"range": "'30 K <= T <= 300 K; 0.4 um <= lambda <= 2.6 um' (Table 3 heading); the measurements extend to 310 K (abstract)",
"check": "Reproduces all 208 cells of Table 4 (16 wavelengths x 13 temperatures) to their five printed decimals: largest difference 4.9e-6 (4.6e-6 at 295 K), i.e. within the rounding. Checked 2026-09-26 against the printed coefficients. Its T-derivative does not reproduce Table 6 (a different fit; see the source notes)."
}
Fitted to ‘raw measured indices’ (p. 6); ‘our best statistical representation of the measured data over the complete measured ranges of wavelength and temperature’; the S_i and lambda_i ‘no longer have direct physical significance’ (p. 6). The second term is a weak pole just below the range: its constant terms are lambda_2 = 0.2976 um and S_2 = 1.8e-5, but at the tabulated temperatures lambda_2(T) lies between 0.267 and 0.344 um (0.277 um at 30 K, 0.267 um at 100 K, 0.342 um at 295 K), with S_2(T) = 1.1e-3, 1.6e-3 and 2.0e-4 there. The formula diverges at lambda_2(T) and must not be extrapolated below 0.4 um. Corning 7980, absolute index (in vacuum).
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.