kitamura_2007#
R. Kitamura, L. Pilon and M. Jonasz, “Optical constants of silica glass from extreme ultraviolet to far infrared at near room temperature”, Appl. Opt. 46, 8118 (2007)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.008118
Source kind: compilation
Recorded technique: A critical review of the published complex index of silica glass near room temperature, 30 nm to 1000 um (Table 1, Figs. 1-5, 7), and a new model for 7-50 um: the dielectric function as a sum of eight Gaussian absorption bands and their Kramers-Kronig transforms (Meneses et al.’s simplified Gaussian model), fitted with the FOCUS program to the normal reflectance computed from Popova et al.’s (1972) n and k (pp. 8129-8131).
Materials in structured entries: SiO2
Dataset quantities: None recorded.
Contents: 0 datasets; 1 formula.
Curation notes#
Pages 8118-8133 are pdf pages 1-16. Identity checked against the first page. A review: secondary for every value except its model (the formula below). It tabulates no optical constants; the data it collects are shown in Figs. 1-5 (30 nm-1 um, 1-15 um, 15-100 um, 100-1000 um) and the residuals in Figs. 6-7 (figures, not digitised). ‘The data collected and presented in this study are available in digital form online’ (Ref. 79, p. 8132).
TABLE 1 (pp. 8121-8122; the library’s OCR of it was rejected, read from the page images). The studies reviewed, with range, method, data, temperature, thickness, type and sample: [11] Steyer et al., 7.14-25 um, R, T and KK, n, k, RT, type I (Vitreosil); [12] Henning and Mutschke, 2-500 um, R and KK, 300/200/100/10 K, type III (Suprasil); [13] Koike et al., 7-300 um, T; [15] Randall and Rawcliffe, 110-550 um, interferometric, 2.1409 mm, type I (Infrasil); [16] Tan (tan_1998), 3-6.7 um, interferometric, 0.23 mm, type III (Suprasil 2, ~1000 ppm OH); [23] Malitson (malitson_1965), 0.21-3.71 um, minimum deviation, 20 degrees C, type III (Corning 7940, Dynasil, GE 151); [25] Bogdan, 0.80-2.60 um, k from T (Eq. 14), 298 K, 1.6 mm; [26] Sviridova and Suikovskaya, 0.19-0.42 um, k from T, 298 K, 2 mm; [27] Ellis et al., 0.05-0.7 um, R and KK, type III (Suprasil UV grade); [28] Tan 1999, 7.19-9.06 um, interferometric, 0.1956 mm, type IV (Suprasil W2); [29] Khashan and Nassif, 0.2-3 um, R and T, 24 degrees C; [30] Reitzel, 16.7-25 um, R; [44] Rodney and Spindler, 0.35-3.51 um, minimum deviation, 24 degrees C (GE, Heraeus, Nieder Fused Quartz, Corning); [45] Tan and Arndt, 1.44-4.77 um, interferometric, 23.5-481 degrees C, 0.1994 mm, type IV (Suprasil W2); [49] Popova et al., 7.14-50 um, R and KK, types II and IV (KU, KI, impurity <= 0.007 %); [50] Philipp (philipp_1985), 0.0006-500 um, compilation; [51] Drummond, 1.00-7.5 um, T, 5 um to 3.06 m; [54] Lamy (lamy_1977), 0.10-0.16 um, R and KK (Electro-Quartz); [55] Tan and Arndt, 1.35-4.85 um, interferometric, 23.5 degrees C, 0.2345 mm, type IV; [56] Boeckner, 8.13-9.63 um, R; [57] Girin et al., 7.84-12.9 um, R; [58] Wray and Neu, 0.23-3.37 um, minimum deviation, 26, 471 and 828 degrees C, type III (Corning 7940); [59] Zolotarev, 7.14-11.11 um, R, T and KK (KU, KV, KI, Infrasil); [60] Simon and McMahon, 7.14-14.29 um, R; [61] Herzberger and Salzberg, 0.5-4.5 um, minimum deviation (GE low-water); [62] Yamamuro et al., 0.37, 0.44, 0.55, 1.01 and 1.53 um, minimum deviation, 294, 240, 180 and 120 K; [63] Bach and Neuroth, 0.06-40 um; [64] Beder et al., 0.2-3.5 um, T, RT-1500 degrees C, 0.953 mm, types I and III (GE 105, GE 151, Vycor 7905); [65] Gillespie et al., 2.00-6.00 um, k from T, 25 and 400 degrees C, 2.8 mm (GE 105); [66] Calingaert et al., 0.31-3.97 um, k from T, 5.45 mm; [67] Heath and Sacher, 0.16-0.30 um, k from T, 2.04-3.29 mm (Corning 7940, Dynasil); [68] Grenis and Matkovich, 1.00-4.62 um, k from T, 3.18 mm; [69] Saidov and Bernstein, 7.69-11.11 um, R and KK, 1.0 mm (KU, optical grade fused quartz, KI); [70] Efimov, 7.41-50 um, R and dispersion analysis (KI); [71] Bogens and Zhukov, 60-560 um, T and R, 0.258-25 mm; [72] Parker et al., 83.3-500 um, T, 300 K, 1.340 mm; [73] Zhilinskii et al., 50-1000 um, R and T; [74] Bagdade and Stolen, 100-1000 um, T (GE 101, 106); [75] Tan, Lemon and French, 0.029-1.77 um, T, R and KK, type III (Suprasil I); [76] Wong and Whalley, 100-667 um, T, 100 and 300 K (GE 101); [77] Mamedov et al., 7.69-11.1 um, internal reflection and KK (KU-1, broken surface); [78] Miler, 2-35 um, R and KK.
STATED UNCERTAINTIES AND GRADE EFFECTS (quotes). Abbe and Pulfrich refractometers: ‘within +-2 x 10^-3 and +-5 x 10^-5, respectively’ (p. 8119). k from transmission or emittance ‘sometimes leads to negative values, particularly in the spectral region from 0.2 to 4.0 um where silica glass is very weakly absorbing’ (refs. 25, 26), where ‘the uncertainty for k is very large and k effectively vanishes’ (p. 8119). ‘data reported by Ellis et al. strongly disagree with all other data between 60 nm and the visible’; the extrema of n of Tan 1999, Khashan and Nassif, and Reitzel are inconsistent with the rest; data below 9 um agree well, 9-50 um ‘considerably less’, beyond 50 um fewer n but in fair agreement (p. 8122); ‘differences larger than 0.5 among reported refractive index data in the spectral range between 9 and 10 um’ (p. 8131). Discrepancies in k are attributed to impurities (OH, alkali, metals), inclusions, bubbles, point defects, surface preparation and retrieval (p. 8122). Types (p. 8118): I electric-melted natural quartz (metallic impurities; Infrasil, IR-Vitreosil, Pursil, GE 105), II flame-fused quartz powder (KU, Herosil, Homosil, Vitrasil, OG Vitreosil), III synthetic from SiCl4 in a hydrogen-oxygen flame (high water; KU-1, KV, Suprasil I, Tetrasil, Spectrosil, Corning 7940), IV synthetic in a water-free plasma (KI, Suprasil W, Spectrosil WF, Corning 7943); Types III and IV have better UV transmission, Type III water peaks near 2.2 and 2.7 um. OH bands at 2.73-2.85, 3.5 and 4.3 um; Si-O-Si bands at 9-9.5, 12.5 and 21-23 um (p. 8128). The UV edge (~160 nm) moves with composition, impurities (Fe3+, Cr3+, Ti3+ toward the visible), alkali content, point defects and temperature, and lies slightly shorter in crystal quartz (pp. 8122, 8128). The fictive temperature is not discussed.
REPRODUCED. Eq. (20) is Malitson’s Sellmeier equation (malitson_1965/sellmeier; ‘Tan [16] confirmed the validity of Eq. (20) for wavelengths up to 6.7 um’, p. 8128), recommended for 0.2-7 um; not recorded again. Rodney and Spindler’s formula (0.347-3.508 um, 31 degrees C) and Tan and Arndt’s (1.44-4.77 um, 23.5-481 degrees C) are mentioned, not printed.
COMPARISON. The refractiveindex.info page SiO2/Popova (200 rows, 7-50 um) is this model’s evaluation, not Popova’s data: with the corrected prefactor (below) the model agrees with it to 1e-3 in n and k (relative 8e-4); with the printed prefactor it differs by up to 0.6 (checked 2026-09-26).
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
No datasets are recorded.
Formulas#
kitamura_2007/gaussian_ir#
{
"id": "gaussian_ir",
"material": "SiO2",
"equation": "Eqs. (21)-(24), pp. 8129 and 8131, with Table 2 (tbl_8b4a391ae01b) and its footnote a (p. 8129)",
"printed": "eps(eta) = eps'(eta) + i eps''(eta) = eps_inf + sum_j [g_cj^kkg(eta) + i g_cj(eta)] (21); g_cj(eta) = alpha_j exp[-4 ln2 ((eta - eta_0j)/sigma_j)^2] - alpha_j exp[-4 ln2 ((eta + eta_0j)/sigma_j)^2] (22); g_cj^kkg(eta) = (2 alpha_j/pi) [D(2 sqrt(ln2) (eta + eta_0j)/sigma_j) - D(2 sqrt(ln2) (eta - eta_0j)/sigma_j)] (23); D(x) = exp(-x^2) int_0^x exp(t^2) dt (24); n + i k = sqrt(eps) (Eq. 16); eps_inf = 2.1232",
"variable": "eta: wavenumber in cm-1 (eta = 1/lambda, Eq. 2); alpha_j amplitude, eta_0j peak position (cm-1), sigma_j full width at half maximum (cm-1)",
"range": "7-50 um ('used to interpolate ... for wavelengths between 7 and 50 um'; 'should be used with care when applied outside the spectral range from 0.2 to 50 um', p. 8131)",
"coefficients": {
"eps_inf": "2.1232",
"kkg_prefactor": "2/pi",
"alpha_1": "3.7998",
"eta0_1": "1089.7",
"sigma_1": "31.454",
"alpha_2": "0.46089",
"eta0_2": "1187.7",
"sigma_2": "100.46",
"alpha_3": "1.2520",
"eta0_3": "797.78",
"sigma_3": "91.601",
"alpha_4": "7.8147",
"eta0_4": "1058.2",
"sigma_4": "63.153",
"alpha_5": "1.0313",
"eta0_5": "446.13",
"sigma_5": "275.111",
"alpha_6": "5.3757",
"eta0_6": "443.00",
"sigma_6": "45.220",
"alpha_7": "6.3305",
"eta0_7": "465.80",
"sigma_7": "22.680",
"alpha_8": "1.2948",
"eta0_8": "1026.7",
"sigma_8": "232.14"
},
"check": "With the corrected prefactor 2/sqrt(pi) the model reproduces the paper's own statement of the residuals of Philipp's compilation (philipp_1985, Table X [2], 7-50 um): k from -0.246 (20.83 um) to +0.365 (21.74 um), printed -0.25 to 0.37; n up to +0.186 (10.26 um), printed 0.19; n down to -0.372 (21.28 um) where the paper prints -0.42 (not reproduced; the paper does not say at which wavelengths it compared). With the printed 2/pi, those ranges are -0.63 to +0.54 (n) and -0.17 to +0.59 (k). Checked 2026-09-26.",
"corrections": [
{
"term": "kkg_prefactor",
"printed": "2/pi",
"corrected": "2/sqrt(pi)",
"reason": "Eq. (23) must be the Kramers-Kronig transform of Eq. (22) ('the above simplified model satisfies the Kramers-Kronig relation', p. 8131). The transform of alpha exp(-x^2) is (2 alpha/sqrt(pi)) D(x), D the Dawson function of Eq. (24); with 2/pi the real part is too small by sqrt(pi).",
"evidence": "A numerical principal-value Kramers-Kronig integral of Eq. (22) with Table 2's parameters gives eps' - eps_inf = -2.4436, 4.2287 and -0.9397 at 500, 1000 and 1428.6 cm-1, equal to Eq. (23) with 2/sqrt(pi) and 1.77 times the printed form's -1.3786, 2.3858 and -0.5302; the corrected model reproduces the paper's residual ranges against Philipp's data (check) and refractiveindex.info's evaluation of this model (SiO2/Popova) to 1e-3 (checked 2026-09-26)."
}
]
}
The eight Gaussian terms were fitted to Popova et al.’s n and k (Opt. Spectrosc. 33, 444 (1972); Table 2 footnote b), through R(eta) (Eq. 25). Residuals from Popova’s data ‘less than 0.06 except near 9 and 22.5 um, where they reach up to 0.3 around 9 um and 0.14 around 22.5 um’; from all the data of Table 1, ‘less than 0.3 except at ~9.0 and 22.5 um’ (p. 8131). Room temperature. Table 2 cells checked against the table image (the library selected an OCR body that agrees with the text layer); eps_inf from the page image (the library’s footnote text is garbled). Below 7 um the paper recommends Malitson’s Eq. (20).
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.