kabacinski_2019#
P. Kabaciński, T. M. Kardaś, Y. Stepanenko and C. Radzewicz, “Nonlinear refractive index measurement by SPM-induced phase regression”, Opt. Express 27, 11018 (2019)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011018
Source kind: measurement
Recorded technique: SPM-induced phase regression: SHG FROG retrieval (PCGPA, 128x128 grid, 30 runs and 100 bootstrap runs per trace) of the pulse with and without the sample; the SPM phase Delta phi(t) = phi_s(t) - phi_i(t) is fitted to n2 (2 pi d / lambda) I(t) + a t + b (Eq. 3, Levenberg-Marquardt, effective-variance weights) over the part of the pulse above 15 % of peak intensity. Light Conversion PHAROS Yb laser, 1 kHz, 210 fs pulses centred at 1030 nm; weakly focused (waist 254 +- 3 um, Rayleigh range about 20 cm) into thin uncoated samples (Fresnel loss included); pulse energies 10-180 uJ, highest intensity 420 GW/cm^2 (pp. 11020-11021). The final n2 is the weighted average over pulse energies.
Materials in structured entries: BiBO, CaCO3, CaF2, SiO2, YAG, YVO4
Dataset quantities: nonlinear_index
Contents: 18 datasets; 0 formulas.
Curation notes#
Journal pages 11018-11028 = PDF pages 1-11. Identity checked against the first page.
DEFINING RELATION (p. 11019, Eq. 1): Delta phi(t) = n2 (2 pi d / lambda) I(t), d the sample thickness, lambda the central wavelength; i.e. n = n0 + n2 I, self-phase modulation of one beam: coefficient ‘self’. Linear polarization (the laser after a thin-film polarizer); for the birefringent samples the field is along the stated axis.
PART. ‘the Raman response of the medium can be included into the Kerr effect’ (p. 11019): the fitted n2 contains whatever part of the nuclear response follows a 210 fs pulse; the paper does not separate it. part = ‘unknown’.
UNCERTAINTY. From the bootstrap FROG errors propagated through the fit (Appendix A); the final value is the weighted mean over energies with n2_err = sqrt(max(sigma_int^2, sigma_ext^2)) (p. 11027): a one-standard-deviation error of the mean, recorded as ‘1 sigma’. Relative errors 1.1 % (YAG) to 5.4 % (YVO4, few measurements) (p. 11026). For CaF2 ‘a slight growth of the n2 value with pulse energy’ (p. 11026).
SAMPLES (p. 11020): fused silica 3 mm (Eksma Optics; grade not stated), YAG 2 mm and CaF2 2.63 mm (HG Optronics), calcite 2 mm and YVO4 2 mm, both polarizations (Crylight Photonics), BiBO 2 mm ‘with electric field along X axis’ (Foctek). BiBO’s X is taken as the dielectric (optical-indicatrix) x axis, the usual BiBO convention; the paper does not define it. ‘Calcite no/ne’ and ‘YVO4 no/ne’ are the fields along the o and e axes.
LITERATURE (Table 1; units 10^-16 cm^2/W, footnote read from the image, the extraction garbles it). All ‘measured with Z-scan’ according to the text (p. 11024), although [17] (Adair et al. 1989) is three-wave mixing, [33] (Milam 1998) a review’s recommended value and [35] (Bliss et al. 1974) interferometry. [17] = Adair, Chase & Payne, Phys. Rev. B 39, 3337 (1989) (adair_1989; the reference list prints the year 1988): Adair tabulates n2 in 10^-13 esu; the cm^2/W values here are a conversion (not by Kabacinski’s statement; 40 pi n2(esu)/(c n0) with Adair’s n(1.06 um) gives SiO2 2.458, CaF2 1.262, YAG 6.212, calcite o 2.833, calcite e 2.352: all agree to the printed digits except YAG, printed 6.25; computed 2026-09-26). [21] = Flom et al. 2015 (flom_2015). [33] = Milam 1998 (milam_1998, its recommended 1053 nm value). [34] printed as ‘D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Nonlinear refractive index of fluoride crystals, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822-825 (1978)’ (Adair’s reference list gives this paper as 1977). [35] Bliss, Speck & Simmons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 728 (1974). [36] Miller et al., Optical Materials 30, 1469 (2008), ‘Polarization-dependent nonlinear refractive index of BiB3O6’: two values, ‘7.39, 8.00 at 1064 nm’, printed without saying which is which; both kept.
NOT EXTRACTED: the two YVO4 literature values ‘19 at 1080 nm in Yb:YVO4 [37]’ (o) and ‘15 at 1080 nm in Yb:YVO4 [37]’ (e): a doped crystal, not YVO4. Moreover, Ref. [37] as printed is A. G. Selivanov, I. A. Denisov, N. V. Kuleshov and K. V. Yumashev, ‘Nonlinear refractive properties of Yb3+-doped KY(WO4)2’, Appl. Phys. B 83, 61-65 (2006): a paper on Yb:KYW, not Yb:YVO4; the citation does not match the material (finding).
refractiveindex.info (Kabacinski n2 pages, checked 2026-09-26): CaF2 1.71e-20, SiO2 2.19e-20 and YAG 6.13e-20 m^2/W at 1.03 um, 210 fs: the same values. There are no pages for BiBO (7.65), calcite (3.22 o, 2.12 e) or YVO4 (15.6 o, 14.9 e).
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
kabacinski_2019/this_work_SiO2#
{
"id": "this_work_SiO2",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/kabacinski_2019__this_work_SiO2.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
"pulse_fs": 210,
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1, this work at 1030 nm. Fused silica, 3 mm, Eksma Optics.
kabacinski_2019/this_work_CaF2#
{
"id": "this_work_CaF2",
"material": "CaF2",
"file": "CaF2/kabacinski_2019__this_work_CaF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
"pulse_fs": 210,
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1, this work at 1030 nm. CaF2, 2.63 mm, HG Optronics; n2 grew slightly with pulse energy (p. 11026).
kabacinski_2019/this_work_YAG#
{
"id": "this_work_YAG",
"material": "YAG",
"file": "YAG/kabacinski_2019__this_work_YAG.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
"pulse_fs": 210,
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1, this work at 1030 nm. YAG, 2 mm, HG Optronics.
kabacinski_2019/this_work_BiBO_x#
{
"id": "this_work_BiBO_x",
"material": "BiBO",
"file": "BiBO/kabacinski_2019__this_work_BiBO_x.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
"pulse_fs": 210,
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk",
"axis": "x"
}
}
Table 1, this work at 1030 nm. BiBO, 2 mm, Foctek, ‘electric field along X axis’ (source notes).
kabacinski_2019/this_work_CaCO3_o#
{
"id": "this_work_CaCO3_o",
"material": "CaCO3",
"file": "CaCO3/kabacinski_2019__this_work_CaCO3_o.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
"pulse_fs": 210,
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk",
"axis": "o"
}
}
Table 1, this work at 1030 nm. Calcite, 2 mm, Crylight Photonics, printed ‘Calcite n_o’.
kabacinski_2019/this_work_CaCO3_e#
{
"id": "this_work_CaCO3_e",
"material": "CaCO3",
"file": "CaCO3/kabacinski_2019__this_work_CaCO3_e.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
"pulse_fs": 210,
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk",
"axis": "e"
}
}
Table 1, this work at 1030 nm. Calcite, 2 mm, Crylight Photonics, printed ‘Calcite n_e’.
kabacinski_2019/this_work_YVO4_o#
{
"id": "this_work_YVO4_o",
"material": "YVO4",
"file": "YVO4/kabacinski_2019__this_work_YVO4_o.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
"pulse_fs": 210,
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk",
"axis": "o"
}
}
Table 1, this work at 1030 nm. YVO4, 2 mm, Crylight Photonics, printed ‘YVO4 n_o’; few measurements (error 5.4 %).
kabacinski_2019/this_work_YVO4_e#
{
"id": "this_work_YVO4_e",
"material": "YVO4",
"file": "YVO4/kabacinski_2019__this_work_YVO4_e.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
"pulse_fs": 210,
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk",
"axis": "e"
}
}
Table 1, this work at 1030 nm. YVO4, 2 mm, Crylight Photonics, printed ‘YVO4 n_e’; few measurements.
kabacinski_2019/flom_2015_SiO2#
{
"id": "flom_2015_SiO2",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/kabacinski_2019__flom_2015_SiO2.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"flom_2015"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "z-scan"
}
}
Table 1, literature: Ref. [21], Flom et al. 2015, Z-scan at 1030 nm.
kabacinski_2019/milam_1998_SiO2#
{
"id": "milam_1998_SiO2",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/kabacinski_2019__milam_1998_SiO2.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"milam_1998"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self"
}
}
Table 1, literature: Ref. [33], Milam 1998: the review’s recommended value at 1053 nm.
kabacinski_2019/adair_1989_SiO2#
{
"id": "adair_1989_SiO2",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/kabacinski_2019__adair_1989_SiO2.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"adair_1989"
],
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "three-wave mixing"
}
}
Table 1, literature: Adair et al. 1989 (Ref. [17]), three-wave mixing, 1064 nm, nanosecond pulses, electronic and vibrational (Raman) parts only by Adair’s statement; the cm^2/W value is a conversion of Adair’s 10^-13 esu (source notes).
kabacinski_2019/milam_1978_CaF2#
{
"id": "milam_1978_CaF2",
"material": "CaF2",
"file": "CaF2/kabacinski_2019__milam_1978_CaF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, \"Nonlinear refractive index of fluoride crystals,\" Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822-825 (1978)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self"
}
}
Table 1, literature: Ref. [34] (year as printed; source notes).
kabacinski_2019/adair_1989_CaF2#
{
"id": "adair_1989_CaF2",
"material": "CaF2",
"file": "CaF2/kabacinski_2019__adair_1989_CaF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"adair_1989"
],
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "three-wave mixing"
}
}
Table 1, literature: Adair et al. 1989 (Ref. [17]), three-wave mixing, 1064 nm, nanosecond pulses, electronic and vibrational (Raman) parts only by Adair’s statement; the cm^2/W value is a conversion of Adair’s 10^-13 esu (source notes). Adair’s CaF2 is polarized along [100].
kabacinski_2019/adair_1989_YAG#
{
"id": "adair_1989_YAG",
"material": "YAG",
"file": "YAG/kabacinski_2019__adair_1989_YAG.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"adair_1989"
],
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "three-wave mixing"
}
}
Table 1, literature: Adair et al. 1989 (Ref. [17]), three-wave mixing, 1064 nm, nanosecond pulses, electronic and vibrational (Raman) parts only by Adair’s statement; the cm^2/W value is a conversion of Adair’s 10^-13 esu (source notes). Printed 6.25; Adair’s 2.7 x 10^-13 esu with n = 1.822 converts to 6.21.
kabacinski_2019/bliss_1974_YAG#
{
"id": "bliss_1974_YAG",
"material": "YAG",
"file": "YAG/kabacinski_2019__bliss_1974_YAG.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"E. S. Bliss, D. R. Speck, and W. W. Simmons, \"Direct interferometric measurements of the nonlinear refractive index coefficient n2 in laser materials,\" Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 728-730 (1974)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self"
}
}
Table 1, literature: Ref. [35].
kabacinski_2019/miller_2008_BiBO_x#
{
"id": "miller_2008_BiBO_x",
"material": "BiBO",
"file": "BiBO/kabacinski_2019__miller_2008_BiBO_x.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"S. Miller, F. Rotermund, G. Xu, F. Noack, V. Panyutin, and V. Petrov, \"Polarization-dependent nonlinear refractive index of BiB3O6,\" Opt. Mater. 30, 1469-1472 (2008)"
],
"parameters": {
"part": "unknown",
"coefficient": "self",
"axis": "x"
}
}
Table 1, literature: Ref. [36]: two values printed ‘7.39, 8.00 at 1064 nm’ on the E||X row, without saying which is which (rows 4.1, 4.2).
kabacinski_2019/adair_1989_CaCO3_o#
{
"id": "adair_1989_CaCO3_o",
"material": "CaCO3",
"file": "CaCO3/kabacinski_2019__adair_1989_CaCO3_o.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"adair_1989"
],
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "three-wave mixing",
"axis": "o"
}
}
Table 1, literature: Adair et al. 1989 (Ref. [17]), three-wave mixing, 1064 nm, nanosecond pulses, electronic and vibrational (Raman) parts only by Adair’s statement; the cm^2/W value is a conversion of Adair’s 10^-13 esu (source notes). Ordinary polarization.
kabacinski_2019/adair_1989_CaCO3_e#
{
"id": "adair_1989_CaCO3_e",
"material": "CaCO3",
"file": "CaCO3/kabacinski_2019__adair_1989_CaCO3_e.csv",
"table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-16,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"adair_1989"
],
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "three-wave mixing",
"axis": "e"
}
}
Table 1, literature: Adair et al. 1989 (Ref. [17]), three-wave mixing, 1064 nm, nanosecond pulses, electronic and vibrational (Raman) parts only by Adair’s statement; the cm^2/W value is a conversion of Adair’s 10^-13 esu (source notes). Extraordinary polarization.
Formulas#
No formulas are recorded.
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.