kabacinski_2019
===============

P\. Kabaciński, T\. M\. Kardaś, Y\. Stepanenko and C\. Radzewicz, "Nonlinear refractive index measurement by SPM\-induced phase regression", Opt\. Express 27, 11018 \(2019\)

`Source record <https://github.com/LupoLab/optmat/blob/main/src/optmat/data/sources/kabacinski_2019.toml>`__ · :doc:`Catalogue </the-data/sources>` · :doc:`Review register </register>`

DOI: `10\.1364/oe\.27\.011018 <https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.011018>`__

**Source kind:** measurement

**Recorded technique:** SPM\-induced phase regression\: SHG FROG retrieval \(PCGPA, 128x128 grid, 30 runs and 100 bootstrap runs per trace\) of the pulse with and without the sample; the SPM phase Delta phi\(t\) = phi\_s\(t\) \- phi\_i\(t\) is fitted to n2 \(2 pi d / lambda\) I\(t\) \+ a t \+ b \(Eq\. 3, Levenberg\-Marquardt, effective\-variance weights\) over the part of the pulse above 15 % of peak intensity\. Light Conversion PHAROS Yb laser, 1 kHz, 210 fs pulses centred at 1030 nm; weakly focused \(waist 254 \+\- 3 um, Rayleigh range about 20 cm\) into thin uncoated samples \(Fresnel loss included\); pulse energies 10\-180 uJ, highest intensity 420 GW/cm^2 \(pp\. 11020\-11021\)\. The final n2 is the weighted average over pulse energies\.

**Materials in structured entries:** BiBO, CaCO3, CaF2, SiO2, YAG, YVO4

**Dataset quantities:** nonlinear\_index

**Contents:** 18 datasets; 0 formulas.

Curation notes
--------------

Journal pages 11018\-11028 = PDF pages 1\-11\. Identity checked against the first page\.

DEFINING RELATION \(p\. 11019, Eq\. 1\)\: Delta phi\(t\) = n2 \(2 pi d / lambda\) I\(t\), d the sample thickness, lambda the central wavelength; i\.e\. n = n0 \+ n2 I, self\-phase modulation of one beam\: coefficient 'self'\. Linear polarization \(the laser after a thin\-film polarizer\); for the birefringent samples the field is along the stated axis\.

PART\. 'the Raman response of the medium can be included into the Kerr effect' \(p\. 11019\)\: the fitted n2 contains whatever part of the nuclear response follows a 210 fs pulse; the paper does not separate it\. part = 'unknown'\.

UNCERTAINTY\. From the bootstrap FROG errors propagated through the fit \(Appendix A\); the final value is the weighted mean over energies with n2\_err = sqrt\(max\(sigma\_int^2, sigma\_ext^2\)\) \(p\. 11027\)\: a one\-standard\-deviation error of the mean, recorded as '1 sigma'\. Relative errors 1\.1 % \(YAG\) to 5\.4 % \(YVO4, few measurements\) \(p\. 11026\)\. For CaF2 'a slight growth of the n2 value with pulse energy' \(p\. 11026\)\.

SAMPLES \(p\. 11020\)\: fused silica 3 mm \(Eksma Optics; grade not stated\), YAG 2 mm and CaF2 2\.63 mm \(HG Optronics\), calcite 2 mm and YVO4 2 mm, both polarizations \(Crylight Photonics\), BiBO 2 mm 'with electric field along X axis' \(Foctek\)\. BiBO's X is taken as the dielectric \(optical\-indicatrix\) x axis, the usual BiBO convention; the paper does not define it\. 'Calcite no/ne' and 'YVO4 no/ne' are the fields along the o and e axes\.

LITERATURE \(Table 1; units 10^\-16 cm^2/W, footnote read from the image, the extraction garbles it\)\. All 'measured with Z\-scan' according to the text \(p\. 11024\), although \[17\] \(Adair et al\. 1989\) is three\-wave mixing, \[33\] \(Milam 1998\) a review's recommended value and \[35\] \(Bliss et al\. 1974\) interferometry\. \[17\] = Adair, Chase & Payne, Phys\. Rev\. B 39, 3337 \(1989\) \(adair\_1989; the reference list prints the year 1988\)\: Adair tabulates n2 in 10^\-13 esu; the cm^2/W values here are a conversion \(not by Kabacinski's statement; 40 pi n2\(esu\)/\(c n0\) with Adair's n\(1\.06 um\) gives SiO2 2\.458, CaF2 1\.262, YAG 6\.212, calcite o 2\.833, calcite e 2\.352\: all agree to the printed digits except YAG, printed 6\.25; computed 2026\-09\-26\)\. \[21\] = Flom et al\. 2015 \(flom\_2015\)\. \[33\] = Milam 1998 \(milam\_1998, its recommended 1053 nm value\)\. \[34\] printed as 'D\. Milam, M\. J\. Weber, and A\. J\. Glass, Nonlinear refractive index of fluoride crystals, Appl\. Phys\. Lett\. 31, 822\-825 \(1978\)' \(Adair's reference list gives this paper as 1977\)\. \[35\] Bliss, Speck & Simmons, Appl\. Phys\. Lett\. 25, 728 \(1974\)\. \[36\] Miller et al\., Optical Materials 30, 1469 \(2008\), 'Polarization\-dependent nonlinear refractive index of BiB3O6'\: two values, '7\.39, 8\.00 at 1064 nm', printed without saying which is which; both kept\.

NOT EXTRACTED\: the two YVO4 literature values '19 at 1080 nm in Yb\:YVO4 \[37\]' \(o\) and '15 at 1080 nm in Yb\:YVO4 \[37\]' \(e\)\: a doped crystal, not YVO4\. Moreover, Ref\. \[37\] as printed is A\. G\. Selivanov, I\. A\. Denisov, N\. V\. Kuleshov and K\. V\. Yumashev, 'Nonlinear refractive properties of Yb3\+\-doped KY\(WO4\)2', Appl\. Phys\. B 83, 61\-65 \(2006\)\: a paper on Yb\:KYW, not Yb\:YVO4; the citation does not match the material \(finding\)\.

refractiveindex\.info \(Kabacinski n2 pages, checked 2026\-09\-26\)\: CaF2 1\.71e\-20, SiO2 2\.19e\-20 and YAG 6\.13e\-20 m^2/W at 1\.03 um, 210 fs\: the same values\. There are no pages for BiBO \(7\.65\), calcite \(3\.22 o, 2\.12 e\) or YVO4 \(15\.6 o, 14\.9 e\)\.

**Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED\_WITH\_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.

Datasets
--------

kabacinski\_2019/this\_work\_SiO2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "this_work_SiO2",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/kabacinski_2019__this_work_SiO2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "1 sigma"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
       "pulse_fs": 210,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 1, this work at 1030 nm\. Fused silica, 3 mm, Eksma Optics\.

kabacinski\_2019/this\_work\_CaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "this_work_CaF2",
     "material": "CaF2",
     "file": "CaF2/kabacinski_2019__this_work_CaF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "1 sigma"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
       "pulse_fs": 210,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 1, this work at 1030 nm\. CaF2, 2\.63 mm, HG Optronics; n2 grew slightly with pulse energy \(p\. 11026\)\.

kabacinski\_2019/this\_work\_YAG
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "this_work_YAG",
     "material": "YAG",
     "file": "YAG/kabacinski_2019__this_work_YAG.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "1 sigma"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
       "pulse_fs": 210,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 1, this work at 1030 nm\. YAG, 2 mm, HG Optronics\.

kabacinski\_2019/this\_work\_BiBO\_x
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "this_work_BiBO_x",
     "material": "BiBO",
     "file": "BiBO/kabacinski_2019__this_work_BiBO_x.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "1 sigma"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
       "pulse_fs": 210,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk",
       "axis": "x"
     }
   }

Table 1, this work at 1030 nm\. BiBO, 2 mm, Foctek, 'electric field along X axis' \(source notes\)\.

kabacinski\_2019/this\_work\_CaCO3\_o
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "this_work_CaCO3_o",
     "material": "CaCO3",
     "file": "CaCO3/kabacinski_2019__this_work_CaCO3_o.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "1 sigma"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
       "pulse_fs": 210,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk",
       "axis": "o"
     }
   }

Table 1, this work at 1030 nm\. Calcite, 2 mm, Crylight Photonics, printed 'Calcite n\_o'\.

kabacinski\_2019/this\_work\_CaCO3\_e
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "this_work_CaCO3_e",
     "material": "CaCO3",
     "file": "CaCO3/kabacinski_2019__this_work_CaCO3_e.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "1 sigma"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
       "pulse_fs": 210,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk",
       "axis": "e"
     }
   }

Table 1, this work at 1030 nm\. Calcite, 2 mm, Crylight Photonics, printed 'Calcite n\_e'\.

kabacinski\_2019/this\_work\_YVO4\_o
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "this_work_YVO4_o",
     "material": "YVO4",
     "file": "YVO4/kabacinski_2019__this_work_YVO4_o.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "1 sigma"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
       "pulse_fs": 210,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk",
       "axis": "o"
     }
   }

Table 1, this work at 1030 nm\. YVO4, 2 mm, Crylight Photonics, printed 'YVO4 n\_o'; few measurements \(error 5\.4 %\)\.

kabacinski\_2019/this\_work\_YVO4\_e
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "this_work_YVO4_e",
     "material": "YVO4",
     "file": "YVO4/kabacinski_2019__this_work_YVO4_e.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "1 sigma"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "SPM-induced phase regression (FROG)",
       "pulse_fs": 210,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk",
       "axis": "e"
     }
   }

Table 1, this work at 1030 nm\. YVO4, 2 mm, Crylight Photonics, printed 'YVO4 n\_e'; few measurements\.

kabacinski\_2019/flom\_2015\_SiO2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "flom_2015_SiO2",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/kabacinski_2019__flom_2015_SiO2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "flom_2015"
     ],
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "z-scan"
     }
   }

Table 1, literature\: Ref\. \[21\], Flom et al\. 2015, Z\-scan at 1030 nm\.

kabacinski\_2019/milam\_1998\_SiO2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "milam_1998_SiO2",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/kabacinski_2019__milam_1998_SiO2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "milam_1998"
     ],
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self"
     }
   }

Table 1, literature\: Ref\. \[33\], Milam 1998\: the review's recommended value at 1053 nm\.

kabacinski\_2019/adair\_1989\_SiO2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "adair_1989_SiO2",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/kabacinski_2019__adair_1989_SiO2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "adair_1989"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "part": "electronic_vibrational",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "three-wave mixing"
     }
   }

Table 1, literature\: Adair et al\. 1989 \(Ref\. \[17\]\), three\-wave mixing, 1064 nm, nanosecond pulses, electronic and vibrational \(Raman\) parts only by Adair's statement; the cm^2/W value is a conversion of Adair's 10^\-13 esu \(source notes\)\.

kabacinski\_2019/milam\_1978\_CaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "milam_1978_CaF2",
     "material": "CaF2",
     "file": "CaF2/kabacinski_2019__milam_1978_CaF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, \"Nonlinear refractive index of fluoride crystals,\" Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822-825 (1978)"
     ],
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self"
     }
   }

Table 1, literature\: Ref\. \[34\] \(year as printed; source notes\)\.

kabacinski\_2019/adair\_1989\_CaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "adair_1989_CaF2",
     "material": "CaF2",
     "file": "CaF2/kabacinski_2019__adair_1989_CaF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "adair_1989"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "part": "electronic_vibrational",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "three-wave mixing"
     }
   }

Table 1, literature\: Adair et al\. 1989 \(Ref\. \[17\]\), three\-wave mixing, 1064 nm, nanosecond pulses, electronic and vibrational \(Raman\) parts only by Adair's statement; the cm^2/W value is a conversion of Adair's 10^\-13 esu \(source notes\)\. Adair's CaF2 is polarized along \[100\]\.

kabacinski\_2019/adair\_1989\_YAG
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "adair_1989_YAG",
     "material": "YAG",
     "file": "YAG/kabacinski_2019__adair_1989_YAG.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "adair_1989"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "part": "electronic_vibrational",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "three-wave mixing"
     }
   }

Table 1, literature\: Adair et al\. 1989 \(Ref\. \[17\]\), three\-wave mixing, 1064 nm, nanosecond pulses, electronic and vibrational \(Raman\) parts only by Adair's statement; the cm^2/W value is a conversion of Adair's 10^\-13 esu \(source notes\)\. Printed 6\.25; Adair's 2\.7 x 10^\-13 esu with n = 1\.822 converts to 6\.21\.

kabacinski\_2019/bliss\_1974\_YAG
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "bliss_1974_YAG",
     "material": "YAG",
     "file": "YAG/kabacinski_2019__bliss_1974_YAG.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "E. S. Bliss, D. R. Speck, and W. W. Simmons, \"Direct interferometric measurements of the nonlinear refractive index coefficient n2 in laser materials,\" Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 728-730 (1974)"
     ],
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self"
     }
   }

Table 1, literature\: Ref\. \[35\]\.

kabacinski\_2019/miller\_2008\_BiBO\_x
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "miller_2008_BiBO_x",
     "material": "BiBO",
     "file": "BiBO/kabacinski_2019__miller_2008_BiBO_x.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "S. Miller, F. Rotermund, G. Xu, F. Noack, V. Panyutin, and V. Petrov, \"Polarization-dependent nonlinear refractive index of BiB3O6,\" Opt. Mater. 30, 1469-1472 (2008)"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "part": "unknown",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "axis": "x"
     }
   }

Table 1, literature\: Ref\. \[36\]\: two values printed '7\.39, 8\.00 at 1064 nm' on the E\|\|X row, without saying which is which \(rows 4\.1, 4\.2\)\.

kabacinski\_2019/adair\_1989\_CaCO3\_o
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "adair_1989_CaCO3_o",
     "material": "CaCO3",
     "file": "CaCO3/kabacinski_2019__adair_1989_CaCO3_o.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "adair_1989"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "part": "electronic_vibrational",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "three-wave mixing",
       "axis": "o"
     }
   }

Table 1, literature\: Adair et al\. 1989 \(Ref\. \[17\]\), three\-wave mixing, 1064 nm, nanosecond pulses, electronic and vibrational \(Raman\) parts only by Adair's statement; the cm^2/W value is a conversion of Adair's 10^\-13 esu \(source notes\)\. Ordinary polarization\.

kabacinski\_2019/adair\_1989\_CaCO3\_e
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "adair_1989_CaCO3_e",
     "material": "CaCO3",
     "file": "CaCO3/kabacinski_2019__adair_1989_CaCO3_e.csv",
     "table": "tbl_46ff24325236",
     "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
     "unit": "cm2/W",
     "scale": 1e-16,
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "adair_1989"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "part": "electronic_vibrational",
       "coefficient": "self",
       "technique": "three-wave mixing",
       "axis": "e"
     }
   }

Table 1, literature\: Adair et al\. 1989 \(Ref\. \[17\]\), three\-wave mixing, 1064 nm, nanosecond pulses, electronic and vibrational \(Raman\) parts only by Adair's statement; the cm^2/W value is a conversion of Adair's 10^\-13 esu \(source notes\)\. Extraordinary polarization\.

Formulas
--------

No formulas are recorded.

Corrections
-----------

No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.

Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register </register>` for the checks and decisions.