hawkins_1980#
R. T. Hawkins, H. Egger, J. Bokor and C. K. Rhodes, “A tunable, ultrahigh spectral brightness KrF* excimer laser source”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 36, 391-392 (1980)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
DOI: 10.1063/1.91528
Source kind: measurement
Recorded technique: A frequency-stabilised cw dye laser (Coherent 599-21, < 5 MHz, ~30 mW near 500 nm), pulse-amplified in a XeF*-pumped dye chain (85 +- 10 MHz, 7 ns), frequency doubled in ADP (120 +- 20 MHz FWHM, Fourier-transform limited, ~5 ns) and amplified in one pass of a discharge KrF* amplifier: ~60 mJ, ~10 ns, 150 +- 30 MHz (a 1 GHz FSR Fabry-Perot of finesse ~20), absolute frequency within 300 MHz (the dye laser against a HeNe), ~50 urad, tunable over 248.2-250.3 nm. The xenon 6p[1/2]0 <- 1S two-photon resonance at 249.63 nm was scanned ‘under Doppler-free conditions’ at 0.25 Torr and ~5 x 10^5 W/cm^2 (unfocused), detected by the 6p[1/2]0 -> 6s[3/2]1 fluorescence at 828 nm (Fig. 2).
Materials in structured entries: Xe
Dataset quantities: level_energy, pressure_line_coefficient
Contents: 2 datasets; 0 formulas.
Curation notes#
Appl. Phys. Lett. 36(6), 391-392 (15 March 1980) = PDF pages 2-3 (PDF page 1 is the AIP download cover; journal page = PDF page + 389). Identity checked on the first page of the article (PDF p. 2: title, authors, University of Illinois at Chicago Circle; received 31 October 1979, accepted 17 December 1979) on 2026-10-09. Every number below was read on the rendered page 392 and its Fig. 2.
TAKEN (inline, p. 392): the measured position of the two-photon resonance, ‘centered at 80 118.73 +- 0.10 cm^-1’, as level_energy of Xe 5p5(2P*3/2)6p 2[1/2] J = 0 (the paper’s 6p[1/2]0; NIST Xe_I_levels.tsv), use = primary (the paper’s measurement; the +- level is not stated).
FINDINGS. NIST (nist_asd_2026, TC-983) lists 80118.962 cm^-1: the paper’s value is 0.23 cm^-1 lower, 2.3 times its stated +- 0.10 (the dye laser’s ‘absolute frequency control to within 300 MHz’ is 0.04 cm^-1 on the two-photon scale; the unresolved isotopes, below, are not corrected for). The printed 249.63 nm is the vacuum wavelength of the two photons: 2 x 10^7 / 80118.73 = 249.6296 nm (NIST’s level gives 249.6289); the same 249.63 nm is gornik_1981’s (TC-922) Table I; kroll_1990 (TC-890) and lehmberg_1995 (TC-854) give 249.6 nm and 80 119 cm^-1. The paper’s widths are on the KrF (one-photon) frequency scale: the ~450 MHz is ‘FWHM, at the KrF* frequency’, and Fig. 2’s axis is ‘GHz (KrF DETUNING)’ with a Doppler bar of about 1.3 GHz, which is xenon’s co-propagating two-photon Doppler width at 80 119 cm^-1 (0.086 cm^-1 = 2.58 GHz at 295 K, kroll_1990) halved; 450 MHz is ‘a factor of 3 less than the Doppler width’. gornik_1981 (p. 72) reads the broadening coefficient below as gamma / (pi p), 2 gamma the FWHM in angular frequency, i.e. a FWHM in ordinary frequency, and its own Fig. 6 slope (~25 MHz/Torr, not deconvolved) as agreeing; bruce_1990 (TC-1003) compares it, as a FWHM, with the 6p[1/2]0 quenching by xenon, 5.9 x 10^-12 cm^3/s or 0.03 MHz/Torr: ‘about 800 times’ if the coefficient is on the two-photon scale; if it is on the KrF scale, as the paper’s widths are, the two-photon-scale FWHM is 50 MHz/Torr and the ratio about 1600. The paper does not say which.
TAKEN (after TC-1040, pressure_line_coefficient; inline, broadening_Xe, primary): ‘we experimentally determined the pressure broadening coefficient of this xenon two-quantum transition to be 25 +- 15 MHz/Torr’ (p. 392): the 6p[1/2]0 <- 1S0 two-photon line. The width convention (FWHM or HWHM) and the frequency scale (KrF or two-photon) are not stated and are held as ‘not stated’; the perturber is held as self, inferred (pure xenon is the only gas named); the temperature, the level of the +- and the method are not stated.
NOT TAKEN (no quantity): the resonance’s width, ~450 MHz FWHM at the KrF frequency at 0.25 Torr and ~5 x 10^5 W/cm^2, attributed to unresolved isotope splittings (an instrument- and isotope-limited width); the laser linewidths (150 +- 30, 120 +- 20, 85 +- 10 MHz) and the source’s properties; the isotope-shift estimate ‘of ~50-100 MHz for two Xe isotopes whose masses differ by 1 amu’ (from Sobel’man, Ref. 7; isotope shifts declined, TC-1011) and ‘the absence of additional resonances within +- 6 GHz’; optical breakdown in helium above 1.85 bar at ~3 x 10^14 W/cm^2; Fig. 2 (fluorescence in arbitrary units). No two-photon cross section, rate or lifetime is given.
TWO-PHOTON DATA CITED, NOT IN THE LIBRARY: none beyond bischel_1979 (Ref. 1, in the library, TC-917) and C. K. Rhodes and P. W. Hoff, in Excimer Lasers, ed. C. K. Rhodes (Springer, Berlin, 1979), p. 175 (a review).
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
hawkins_1980/level_6p12_0#
{
"id": "level_6p12_0",
"material": "Xe",
"table": "text",
"quantity": "level_energy",
"unit": "cm-1",
"abscissa": "label",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"configuration": "5p5.(2P*<3/2>).6p",
"term": "2[1/2]",
"j": "0",
"method": "two-photon excitation with a tunable KrF* laser, 828 nm fluorescence; the dye laser's frequency against a HeNe laser"
}
}
1 inline points in the source record.
p. 392: the Doppler-free two-photon resonance 6p[1/2]0 <- 1S, ‘centered at 80 118.73 +- 0.10 cm^-1’, scanned with the 150 MHz KrF* source at 0.25 Torr and ~5 x 10^5 W/cm^2; the five abundant isotopes unresolved (width ~450 MHz FWHM at the KrF frequency). NIST: 80118.962 cm^-1, 0.23 cm^-1 higher.
hawkins_1980/broadening_Xe#
{
"id": "broadening_Xe",
"material": "Xe",
"table": "text",
"quantity": "pressure_line_coefficient",
"unit": "MHz/torr",
"abscissa": "label",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"effect": "broadening",
"transition": "1S0 -> 6p[1/2]0",
"photons": 2,
"frequency_scale": "not stated",
"width": "not stated",
"frequency_variable": "ordinary",
"perturber": "self (inferred: pure xenon is the only gas named)",
"method": "not stated (Doppler-free two-photon excitation with the 150 MHz KrF* source, 828 nm fluorescence)"
}
}
1 inline points in the source record.
p. 392: ‘the pressure broadening coefficient of this xenon two-quantum transition to be 25 +- 15 MHz/Torr’ (1S0 -> 6p[1/2]0); ‘a minor contribution to the linewidth at 0.25 Torr’. Width convention and frequency scale not stated (the paper’s widths are quoted at the KrF frequency; gornik_1981 reads this one as a FWHM, gamma / (pi p), and its own Fig. 6 slope, ~25 MHz/Torr on the two-photon scale, agrees). Perturber self, inferred.
Formulas#
No formulas are recorded.
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.