gaiser_2018#
C. Gaiser and B. Fellmuth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 123203 (2018)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.123203
Source kind: measurement
Recorded technique: Dielectric-constant gas thermometry (DCGT) at PTB, at the triple point of water (isotherm temperatures 273.149-273.161 K, Table II): the relative capacitance change gamma of a gas-filled 10 pF capacitor measured against pressure, scaled to mu = gamma/(gamma + 3) and fitted by p = A_1 (mu + A_2 mu^2 + A_3 mu^3 + ...) (Eq. (1)), with A_1 = (A_eps/(RT) + kappa_eff/3)^-1 (Eq. (2)); kappa_eff the independently determined effective compressibility of the capacitor. Two setups: DCGTk, three tungsten-carbide capacitors TC1-TC3 and pressure balances up to 7 MPa; DCGT2, two copper-beryllium capacitors C1, C2 up to 0.3 MPa; 8 to 10 isotherms per capacitor; autotransformer ratio bridge (pp. 1-2). A_eps/R converted to A_eps with the CODATA 2017 k and N_A (the values fixed by the 2019 SI) (p. 3). Very low measuring frequency: the static polarizability.
Materials in structured entries: Ar, He, Ne
Dataset quantities: molar_refractivity
Contents: 16 datasets; 0 formulas.
Curation notes#
The molar polarizability A_eps = N_A alpha_0 / (3 eps0), the package’s molar refractivity (cm3/mol) at zero frequency. It is the ELECTRIC polarizability only (dielectric constant): for the refractive index the magnetic susceptibility must be added (see lesiuk_2020, lesiuk_2023). A density-independent quantity: the virial terms are in A_2, A_3, which the paper does not report.
Uncertainty: Table I gives the budgets in ppm of A_eps/R per capacitor (‘Sum’, the root sum of squares) and of the weighted means, 1.7/1.9/1.8 ppm without and 1.9/2.4/2.4 ppm (He/Ne/Ar) with the correlations between capacitors and setups; the Table III uncertainties are standard uncertainties (caption) and equal the correlated ones (He 10/5172544 = 1.9 ppm, Ne 2.4, Ar 2.4 ppm; checked 2026-09-25).
Consistency (checked 2026-09-25): Table II’s weighted means A_eps/R = 6.221140(12), 11.96363(28), 49.80100(12) x 10^-8 m^3 K/J times R = k N_A (8.31446261815324 J/(mol K)) give 0.51725436, 0.99471154, 4.14068553 cm^3/mol, Table III’s values to 0.15 ppm. In atomic units (3 A_eps/(4 pi N_A a0^3), CODATA 2018): He 1.3837616, Ne 2.6610571, Ar 11.0771845; Lesiuk et al. quote Ne 2.661057(7) (2020) and Ar 11.077183(27) (2023). The isotope effect is negligible except for neon (0.08 ppm from the natural-composition spread, p. 3).
Table III compares literature values (plotted in Fig. 2), extracted as reproduced datasets. The text adds: the Ne theory value 0.99503(75) is Klopper et al.’s CCSD with relativistic corrections benchmarked on Larsen et al.’s FCI, 2.6617(20) a.u. (details in gaiser_2010); the Ar theory value 4.140(11) is Lupinetti and Thakkar’s nonrelativistic 11.065(3) a.u. (bounds turned into a standard uncertainty with a rectangular distribution) plus a relativistic correction +0.01(1) a.u. from three calculations (Refs. [20-22]), 11.075(30) a.u. (p. 4). Orcutt and Cole’s values in Table III are their low-pressure data without the compressibility correction (p. 4). The reference list prints Orcutt and Cole’s volume as ‘446’ (for 46); not a data issue.
Not extracted: Table I (budgets; the per-capacitor sums are used as uncertainties of per_capacitor), Table II’s T, kappa_eff and A_1 rows (inputs), and the weighted-mean A_eps/R row (restated in Table III as A_eps).
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
gaiser_2018/molar_polarizability_He#
{
"id": "molar_polarizability_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/gaiser_2018__molar_polarizability_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘This work’: A_eps = 0.5172544(10) cm^3/mol, static, the correlated weighted mean of TC1-TC3 (standard uncertainty 1.9 ppm).
gaiser_2018/molar_polarizability_Ne#
{
"id": "molar_polarizability_Ne",
"material": "Ne",
"file": "Ne/gaiser_2018__molar_polarizability_Ne.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘This work’: A_eps = 0.9947114(24) cm^3/mol, static, the correlated weighted mean of TC2, TC3, C1, C2 (standard uncertainty 2.4 ppm). Supersedes gaiser_2010 (0.994727(11); 1.6e-5 higher, within the expanded combined uncertainties, p. 4).
gaiser_2018/molar_polarizability_Ar#
{
"id": "molar_polarizability_Ar",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/gaiser_2018__molar_polarizability_Ar.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘This work’: A_eps = 4.140686(10) cm^3/mol, static, the correlated weighted mean of TC2, TC3, C1, C2 (standard uncertainty 2.4 ppm).
gaiser_2018/per_capacitor_He#
{
"id": "per_capacitor_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/gaiser_2018__per_capacitor_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_ec04560e1d2e",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"scale": 0.0831446261815324,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 4e-06,
"level": "1 sigma",
"relative_rows": {
"TC1": 4e-06,
"TC2": 2.4e-06,
"TC3": 2.9e-06
}
}
}
Table II: A_eps/R x 10^8 (m^3 K/J) per capacitor (rows TC1-TC3), whose correlated weighted mean is molar_polarizability_He: a check, not fitted beside it. scale = 1e-8 x R x 1e6 with R = k N_A = 8.31446261815324 J/(mol K) (the CODATA values the paper uses, exact in the 2019 SI) turns A_eps/R into A_eps in cm^3/mol. Per-row relative standard uncertainties are Table I’s ‘Sum’ (ppm); the mu, T, p and p_head components are fully correlated between capacitors. relative = 4.0e-6 is the largest row, a fallback.
gaiser_2018/per_capacitor_Ne#
{
"id": "per_capacitor_Ne",
"material": "Ne",
"file": "Ne/gaiser_2018__per_capacitor_Ne.csv",
"table": "tbl_ec04560e1d2e",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"scale": 0.0831446261815324,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 1.22e-05,
"level": "1 sigma",
"relative_rows": {
"TC2": 2.8e-06,
"TC3": 2.8e-06,
"C1": 1.02e-05,
"C2": 1.22e-05
}
}
}
Table II: A_eps/R x 10^8 (m^3 K/J) per capacitor (rows TC2, TC3, C1, C2), whose correlated weighted mean is molar_polarizability_Ne: a check. scale as for per_capacitor_He. Per-row relative standard uncertainties from Table I ‘Sum’; relative = 12.2e-6 is the largest row, a fallback.
gaiser_2018/per_capacitor_Ar#
{
"id": "per_capacitor_Ar",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/gaiser_2018__per_capacitor_Ar.csv",
"table": "tbl_ec04560e1d2e",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"scale": 0.0831446261815324,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 1.28e-05,
"level": "1 sigma",
"relative_rows": {
"TC2": 2.5e-06,
"TC3": 2.6e-06,
"C1": 1.28e-05,
"C2": 1.11e-05
}
}
}
Table II: A_eps/R x 10^8 (m^3 K/J) per capacitor (rows TC2, TC3, C1, C2), whose correlated weighted mean is molar_polarizability_Ar: a check. scale as for per_capacitor_He. Per-row relative standard uncertainties from Table I ‘Sum’; relative = 12.8e-6 is the largest row, a fallback.
gaiser_2018/orcutt_1967_He#
{
"id": "orcutt_1967_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/gaiser_2018__orcutt_1967_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"orcutt_1967"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘Experiment’ [16]: 0.51740(70) cm^3/mol, Orcutt and Cole’s low-pressure value without the compressibility correction (p. 4); dielectric constant.
gaiser_2018/buckley_2000_He#
{
"id": "buckley_2000_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/gaiser_2018__buckley_2000_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"T. J. Buckley, J. Hamelin, and M. R. Moldover, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 2914 (2000)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘Experiment’ [17]: 0.51747(20) cm^3/mol, dielectric constant with capacitors, ‘uncertainties of 100 ppm for Ar and 400 ppm for He’ (p. 4). The original is not in the library.
gaiser_2018/schmidt_2007_He#
{
"id": "schmidt_2007_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/gaiser_2018__schmidt_2007_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"schmidt_2007"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘Experiment’ [3]: 0.5172535(47) cm^3/mol, microwave technique (p. 4).
gaiser_2018/piszczatowski_2015_He#
{
"id": "piszczatowski_2015_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/gaiser_2018__piszczatowski_2015_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"piszczatowski_2015",
"puchalski_2016"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘Theory’ [1,2]: 0.517254079(52) cm^3/mol, ab initio with relativistic and QED corrections (Piszczatowski et al. 2015; Puchalski et al. 2016).
gaiser_2018/orcutt_1967_Ne#
{
"id": "orcutt_1967_Ne",
"material": "Ne",
"file": "Ne/gaiser_2018__orcutt_1967_Ne.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"orcutt_1967"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘Experiment’ [16]: 0.99360(80) cm^3/mol, low-pressure value without the compressibility correction (p. 4).
gaiser_2018/gaiser_2010_Ne#
{
"id": "gaiser_2010_Ne",
"material": "Ne",
"file": "Ne/gaiser_2018__gaiser_2010_Ne.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"gaiser_2010"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘Experiment’ [10]: 0.994727(11) cm^3/mol, DCGT1 (p. 4); the same as gaiser_2010’s 9.94727 x 10^-7 m^3/mol.
gaiser_2018/klopper_2004_Ne#
{
"id": "klopper_2004_Ne",
"material": "Ne",
"file": "Ne/gaiser_2018__klopper_2004_Ne.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"W. Klopper, S. Coriani, T. Helgaker, and P. Jørgensen, J. Phys. B 37, 3753 (2004)",
"H. Larsen, J. Olsen, C. Hättig, P. Jørgensen, O. Christiansen, and J. Gauss, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 1917 (1999)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘Theory’ [18,19]: 0.99503(75) cm^3/mol, coupled-cluster with relativistic corrections and an FCI benchmark, 2.6617(20) a.u. (p. 4). The originals are not in the library.
gaiser_2018/orcutt_1967_Ar#
{
"id": "orcutt_1967_Ar",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/gaiser_2018__orcutt_1967_Ar.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"orcutt_1967"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘Experiment’ [16]: 4.1400(20) cm^3/mol, low-pressure value without the compressibility correction (p. 4).
gaiser_2018/buckley_2000_Ar#
{
"id": "buckley_2000_Ar",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/gaiser_2018__buckley_2000_Ar.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"T. J. Buckley, J. Hamelin, and M. R. Moldover, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 2914 (2000)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘Experiment’ [17]: 4.14078(39) cm^3/mol (p. 4). The original is not in the library.
gaiser_2018/lupinetti_2005_Ar#
{
"id": "lupinetti_2005_Ar",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/gaiser_2018__lupinetti_2005_Ar.csv",
"table": "tbl_a15621c7c166",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"C. Lupinetti and A. J. Thakkar, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 044301 (2005)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table III ‘Theory’ [15]: 4.140(11) cm^3/mol = 11.075(30) a.u.: Lupinetti and Thakkar’s nonrelativistic 11.065(3) plus a relativistic +0.01(1) a.u. assembled by Gaiser and Fellmuth from Refs. [20-22] (p. 4), so partly the authors’ own estimate. The original is not in the library.
Formulas#
No formulas are recorded.
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.