everall_1987

N. J. Everall, J. P. Partanen, J. R. M. Barr and M. J. Shaw, “Threshold measurements of stimulated Raman scattering in gases using picosecond KrF laser pulses”, Opt. Commun. 64, 393 (1987)

Source record · Catalogue · Review register

DOI: 10.1016/0030-4018(87)90258-6

Source kind: measurement

Recorded technique: Stimulated Raman scattering thresholds with 20 ps KrF laser pulses at 248 nm (a synchronously pumped dye oscillator at 746 nm, fibre-transported, dye-amplified, frequency-tripled and amplified in a KrF amplifier to up to 200 uJ), focused by a 2.5 m lens into a 3 m Raman cell at up to 5 atm; threshold taken as about 10 % pump-to-Stokes conversion, pulse energies to +-25 % (pp. 394-395). Thresholds compared with the transient plane-wave estimate, Eqs. (2) and (7), using literature cross sections and linewidths (pp. 393-394).

Materials in structured entries: CH4, H2, N2, O2, SF6

Dataset quantities: dephasing_time, raman_cross_section, raman_linewidth

Contents: 15 datasets; 0 formulas.

Curation notes

Journal pages 393-397 = PDF pages 1-5 (page n of the PDF is p. 392 + n). Identity checked on the first page.

THE TABLE (p. 396; the library’s unlabelled tbl_4397977c2c69, caption ‘Comparison of calculated (eq. (7)) and measured thresholds at 5 atm. An asterisk indicates that threshold was not reached with the available pump energy’). Per gas: dsigma/dOmega (10^-29 cm^2 sr^-1), Delta nu_R (cm^-1), T2 (ps), threshold calculated and measured (uJ). Table note: ‘Cross sections for CH4, H2, N2 and O2: ref. [15] (Bischel and Black). Cross sections for SF6 and NH3 were extrapolated from data in ref. [16] (Schrotter and Klockner) assuming nu^4 scaling. Linewidth data: CH4 [17] (Taira et al.), H2 [9] (Owyoung), SF6 [18] (Esherick and Owyoung), NH3 [19], N2, O2 [1] (Murray et al.)’. So: - dsigma/dOmega and Delta nu_R are taken from others (use = “reproduced”); nothing in the table but the measured thresholds is this paper’s measurement; - T2 is calculated from Delta nu_R: ‘The dephasing time T2 of a Raman scattering medium is defined as the inverse of the scattering bandwidth (T2 = 1/pi Delta nu_R, fwhm)’ (p. 393) (use = “check”); 1/(pi c Delta nu_R) reproduces the printed T2 for CH4 (27.94), SF6 (6.64), O2 (5.90) and N2 (7.08), and for H2 the printed 1008 ps implies 0.0105 cm^-1 where the table rounds to 0.01; - the linewidths are FWHM at 5 atm (the table’s pressure; not restated per value; temperature not stated). For H2 (0.01 cm^-1 = 300 MHz at 5 atm) the Dicke-narrowed regime applies; the paper gives no law. CH4’s 0.38 cm-1 equals Taira et al.’s 0.32 + 0.012 p cm-1 (hanna_1986) at 5 atm. The transitions are not named (the vibrational Q branches used for SRS: CH4 nu1, SF6 nu1, H2 Q(1) presumably, O2 and N2 v = 0-1).

THRESHOLDS (no quantity; for the record): calculated / measured (uJ) at 5 atm: CH4 15 / 30 +- 15; NH3 55 / 95 +- 20; H2 60 / 155 +- 20; SF6 65 / 120 +- 30; O2 100 / not reached; N2 225 / not reached (asterisks). ‘The measured thresholds ... seem to be systematically higher by about a factor of 2 than the values based on the presented theory’ (p. 395). Fig. 2: the CH4 threshold against pressure, 2-5 atm (a figure only). N2 at 5 atm showed ‘a large spectral broadening (of the order of 10 nm)’ of the pump without Raman generation (pp. 396-397).

THEORY (p. 393-394; notes only): Eq. (2), gamma = (2 lambda_s^3 N/(h c pi Delta nu_R)) (dsigma/dOmega); the threshold condition Eq. (5), gamma I_pm l = 25 + 131.5 T2/t_p (Gaussian pulse, t_p FWHM; ‘error < 15%’ against the analytical solution), and Eq. (7), E_T = (4.2 t_p + 22.3 T2) lambda_p/gamma, the focused-beam threshold energy. Not recorded as formulas: threshold models, not material properties.

NH3 is not a curated species (dsigma 9.2e-29 cm^2/sr, Delta nu_R ~4.0 cm^-1, T2 2.7 ps, not extracted).

FOR SOLPROP: the SF6 vibrational linewidth constant 4.8229e10 Hz is 1/(pi x 6.6 ps), this table’s T2 at 5 atm (itself 1/(pi c x 1.6 cm^-1) from Esherick and Owyoung’s linewidth): a calculated value at one pressure, taken by solprop as density-independent. solprop’s N2 ‘6 ps’ (5.3052e10 Hz = 1/(pi x 6 ps)) is not this paper’s N2 value (7.1 ps at 5 atm, from Murray et al.’s approximate 1.5 cm^-1).

Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.

Datasets

everall_1987/dsigma_CH4

{
  "id": "dsigma_CH4",
  "material": "CH4",
  "file": "CH4/everall_1987__dsigma_CH4.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "raman_cross_section",
  "unit": "cm2/sr",
  "scale": 1e-29,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "bischel_1983"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "nu1 Q branch (the band is not named in the paper)"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), dsigma/dOmega at the 248 nm KrF pump, used in Eq. (2); the table note: ‘Cross sections for CH4, H2, N2 and O2: ref. [15]’. Polarization and definition not stated. Ref. [15] is bischel_1983 (re-pointed 2026-09-27), which prints no value at 248 nm: its single-resonance fit (Table 1) gives 15.7e-29 (248.0 nm) and 15.5e-29 (248.4 nm), 2-3 % above this 15.3.

everall_1987/linewidth_CH4

{
  "id": "linewidth_CH4",
  "material": "CH4",
  "file": "CH4/everall_1987__linewidth_CH4.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "raman_linewidth",
  "unit": "cm-1",
  "abscissa": "pressure",
  "abscissa_unit": "atm",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "Y. Taira, K. Ide and H. Takuma, Chem. Phys. Lett. 91 (1982) 299"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "nu1 Q branch (the band is not named in the paper)",
    "width": "fwhm",
    "perturber": "self"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), the Raman linewidth Delta nu_R at 5 atm (the caption: thresholds ‘at 5 atm’), FWHM: ‘T2 = 1/pi Delta nu_R, fwhm’ (p. 393). Taken from the table note’s linewidth reference; temperature not stated (room).

everall_1987/T2_CH4

{
  "id": "T2_CH4",
  "material": "CH4",
  "file": "CH4/everall_1987__T2_CH4.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "dephasing_time",
  "unit": "ps",
  "abscissa": "pressure",
  "abscissa_unit": "atm",
  "use": "check",
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "nu1 Q branch (the band is not named in the paper)"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), T2 at 5 atm, calculated from the linewidth by ‘T2 = 1/pi Delta nu_R, fwhm’ (p. 393): 1/(pi c Delta nu_R) gives 27.94 ps (checked 2026-09-26). Not a measurement.

everall_1987/dsigma_H2

{
  "id": "dsigma_H2",
  "material": "H2",
  "file": "H2/everall_1987__dsigma_H2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "raman_cross_section",
  "unit": "cm2/sr",
  "scale": 1e-29,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "bischel_1983"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "vibrational Q branch (the line is not named in the paper)"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), dsigma/dOmega at the 248 nm KrF pump, used in Eq. (2); the table note: ‘Cross sections for CH4, H2, N2 and O2: ref. [15]’. Polarization and definition not stated. Ref. [15] is bischel_1983 (re-pointed 2026-09-27), which prints no value at 248 nm: its single-resonance fit (Table 1) gives 4.83e-29 (248.0 nm) and 4.79e-29 (248.4 nm), as this 4.8.

everall_1987/linewidth_H2

{
  "id": "linewidth_H2",
  "material": "H2",
  "file": "H2/everall_1987__linewidth_H2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "raman_linewidth",
  "unit": "cm-1",
  "abscissa": "pressure",
  "abscissa_unit": "atm",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "A. Owyoung, Optics Lett. 2 (1978) 91"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "vibrational Q branch (the line is not named in the paper)",
    "width": "fwhm",
    "perturber": "self"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), the Raman linewidth Delta nu_R at 5 atm (the caption: thresholds ‘at 5 atm’), FWHM: ‘T2 = 1/pi Delta nu_R, fwhm’ (p. 393). Taken from the table note’s linewidth reference; temperature not stated (room).

everall_1987/T2_H2

{
  "id": "T2_H2",
  "material": "H2",
  "file": "H2/everall_1987__T2_H2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "dephasing_time",
  "unit": "ps",
  "abscissa": "pressure",
  "abscissa_unit": "atm",
  "use": "check",
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "vibrational Q branch (the line is not named in the paper)"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), T2 at 5 atm, calculated from the linewidth by ‘T2 = 1/pi Delta nu_R, fwhm’ (p. 393): 1/(pi c Delta nu_R) gives 1062 (the printed 1008 corresponds to 0.0105 cm-1, so the 0.01 is rounded) ps (checked 2026-09-26). Not a measurement.

everall_1987/dsigma_SF6

{
  "id": "dsigma_SF6",
  "material": "SF6",
  "file": "SF6/everall_1987__dsigma_SF6.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "raman_cross_section",
  "unit": "cm2/sr",
  "scale": 1e-29,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "schrotter_1979"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "nu1 (the band is not named in the paper)"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), dsigma/dOmega at the 248 nm KrF pump, used in Eq. (2); the table note: ‘extrapolated from data in ref. [16] assuming nu^4 scaling’. Polarization and definition not stated. Ref. [16] is Schrotter and Klockner’s Chap. 4 (curated as schrotter_1979). NOT REPRODUCED: with the chapter’s own definitions, dsigma/dOmega = Sigma_j x 5.05e-48 cm^6/sr x (nu_0 - 775 cm^-1)^4 at 248 nm (nu_0 = 40323 cm^-1) is 4.1-4.9e-29 cm^2/sr for SF6’s Sigma_j of 3.3-3.96 (sigma_SF6_*); the printed 6.0e-29 needs Sigma_j = 4.86, 23 % above the largest (3.96 at 515 nm, Clark and D’Urso). Scaling an absolute 514.5 nm value by (nu_0/nu_0’)^4 instead gives 4.5e-29. Kept as printed.

everall_1987/linewidth_SF6

{
  "id": "linewidth_SF6",
  "material": "SF6",
  "file": "SF6/everall_1987__linewidth_SF6.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "raman_linewidth",
  "unit": "cm-1",
  "abscissa": "pressure",
  "abscissa_unit": "atm",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "P. Esherick and A. Owyoung, in: Advances in infrared and Raman spectroscopy, Vol. 9, eds. R. J. H. Clark and R. E. Hester (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1983) ch. 3"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "nu1 (the band is not named in the paper)",
    "width": "fwhm",
    "perturber": "self"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), the Raman linewidth Delta nu_R at 5 atm (the caption: thresholds ‘at 5 atm’), FWHM: ‘T2 = 1/pi Delta nu_R, fwhm’ (p. 393). Taken from the table note’s linewidth reference; temperature not stated (room).

everall_1987/T2_SF6

{
  "id": "T2_SF6",
  "material": "SF6",
  "file": "SF6/everall_1987__T2_SF6.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "dephasing_time",
  "unit": "ps",
  "abscissa": "pressure",
  "abscissa_unit": "atm",
  "use": "check",
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "nu1 (the band is not named in the paper)"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), T2 at 5 atm, calculated from the linewidth by ‘T2 = 1/pi Delta nu_R, fwhm’ (p. 393): 1/(pi c Delta nu_R) gives 6.64 ps (checked 2026-09-26). Not a measurement. solprop’s SF6 vibrational linewidth (constant 4.8229e10 Hz = 1/(pi x 6.6 ps), a FWHM) is this T2, at 5 atm and held constant in density.

everall_1987/dsigma_O2

{
  "id": "dsigma_O2",
  "material": "O2",
  "file": "O2/everall_1987__dsigma_O2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "raman_cross_section",
  "unit": "cm2/sr",
  "scale": 1e-29,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "bischel_1983"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "v=0-1 Q branch (not named in the paper)"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), dsigma/dOmega at the 248 nm KrF pump, used in Eq. (2); the table note: ‘Cross sections for CH4, H2, N2 and O2: ref. [15]’. Polarization and definition not stated. Ref. [15] is bischel_1983 (re-pointed 2026-09-27), which prints no value at 248 nm: its single-resonance fit (Table 1) gives 3.99e-29 (248.0 nm) and 3.94e-29 (248.4 nm), 2-3 % above this 3.88.

everall_1987/linewidth_O2

{
  "id": "linewidth_O2",
  "material": "O2",
  "file": "O2/everall_1987__linewidth_O2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "raman_linewidth",
  "unit": "cm-1",
  "abscissa": "pressure",
  "abscissa_unit": "atm",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "J. R. Murray, J. Goldhar, D. Eimerl and A. Szöke, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-15 (1979) 324"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "v=0-1 Q branch (not named in the paper)",
    "width": "fwhm",
    "perturber": "self"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), the Raman linewidth Delta nu_R at 5 atm (the caption: thresholds ‘at 5 atm’), FWHM: ‘T2 = 1/pi Delta nu_R, fwhm’ (p. 393). Taken from the table note’s linewidth reference; temperature not stated (room).

everall_1987/T2_O2

{
  "id": "T2_O2",
  "material": "O2",
  "file": "O2/everall_1987__T2_O2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "dephasing_time",
  "unit": "ps",
  "abscissa": "pressure",
  "abscissa_unit": "atm",
  "use": "check",
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "v=0-1 Q branch (not named in the paper)"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), T2 at 5 atm, calculated from the linewidth by ‘T2 = 1/pi Delta nu_R, fwhm’ (p. 393): 1/(pi c Delta nu_R) gives 5.90 ps (checked 2026-09-26). Not a measurement.

everall_1987/dsigma_N2

{
  "id": "dsigma_N2",
  "material": "N2",
  "file": "N2/everall_1987__dsigma_N2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "raman_cross_section",
  "unit": "cm2/sr",
  "scale": 1e-29,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "bischel_1983"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "v=0-1 Q branch (not named in the paper)"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), dsigma/dOmega at the 248 nm KrF pump, used in Eq. (2); the table note: ‘Cross sections for CH4, H2, N2 and O2: ref. [15]’. Polarization and definition not stated. Ref. [15] is bischel_1983 (re-pointed 2026-09-27), which prints no value at 248 nm: its single-resonance fit (Table 1) gives 1.54e-29 (248.0 nm) and 1.53e-29 (248.4 nm), 1 % above this 1.52.

everall_1987/linewidth_N2

{
  "id": "linewidth_N2",
  "material": "N2",
  "file": "N2/everall_1987__linewidth_N2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "raman_linewidth",
  "unit": "cm-1",
  "abscissa": "pressure",
  "abscissa_unit": "atm",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "J. R. Murray, J. Goldhar, D. Eimerl and A. Szöke, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-15 (1979) 324"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "v=0-1 Q branch (not named in the paper)",
    "width": "fwhm",
    "perturber": "self"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), the Raman linewidth Delta nu_R at 5 atm (the caption: thresholds ‘at 5 atm’), FWHM: ‘T2 = 1/pi Delta nu_R, fwhm’ (p. 393). Taken from the table note’s linewidth reference; temperature not stated (room). Printed ‘≈1.5’ (approximate).

everall_1987/T2_N2

{
  "id": "T2_N2",
  "material": "N2",
  "file": "N2/everall_1987__T2_N2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_4397977c2c69",
  "quantity": "dephasing_time",
  "unit": "ps",
  "abscissa": "pressure",
  "abscissa_unit": "atm",
  "use": "check",
  "parameters": {
    "transition": "v=0-1 Q branch (not named in the paper)"
  }
}

Table (p. 396), T2 at 5 atm, calculated from the linewidth by ‘T2 = 1/pi Delta nu_R, fwhm’ (p. 393): 1/(pi c Delta nu_R) gives 7.08 (from the approximate 1.5) ps (checked 2026-09-26). Not a measurement.

Formulas

No formulas are recorded.

Corrections

No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.

Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.