borzsonyi_2010#

A. Borzsonyi, Z. Heiner, A. P. Kovacs, M. P. Kalashnikov and K. Osvay, “Measurement of pressure dependent nonlinear refractive index of inert gases”, Opt. Express 18, 25847 (2010)

Source record · Catalogue · Review register

DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.025847

Source kind: measurement

Recorded technique: Spectrally and spatially resolved interferometry (SSRI): a Mach-Zehnder interferometer inside a ~9-m vacuum tube filled with the gas (0.05 mbar to 1020 mbar), 800-nm pulses of 40-nm bandwidth left stretched to 200 fs (at least 8 times the transform limit, so that the spectral shape of the nonlinear phase follows the spectrum), < 1 mJ, 2-mm super-Gaussian beam; the sample arm carries 10 times the intensity of the reference arm, both attenuated to equal intensity before leaving the tube; the spectral phase difference gives n2 through Eq. (4); nine interferograms per pressure, five pressures per decade, up and down (pp. 25849-25852).

Materials in structured entries: Ar, N2, Ne, Xe

Dataset quantities: nonlinear_index

Contents: 8 datasets; 0 formulas.

Curation notes#

Journal pages 25847-25854 = PDF pages 1-8. Identity checked against the first page. Ar, Ne, Xe, N2 (air, a Table 1 column, is not curated).

DEFINITIONS (p. 25850): Eqs. (2)-(3) phi_S = (omega/c)[(n^Med + n2^Med int I_S d omega) l_S,Med + (n^Obj + n2^Obj int I_S d omega) l_Obj], phi_R likewise; Eq. (4), p. 25851: Delta phi(y, omega) = (omega/c)(n2 [int I_S d omega l_tube - int I_R d omega (l_tube - l_corr)] - (n^air - n) l_corr), l_corr = 47 cm; n^air from borzsonyi_2008. A single pulse’s own intensity changes its phase: n2 is the SELF coefficient, and ‘the total value of n2 experienced by a laser pulse’ (‘the collective contribution of all possible laser induced elementary processes in the gases’, pp. 25848, 25853): part ‘total’ for the 200-fs pulses.

TABLE 1 (p. 25853; CSV and image checked; tools/extract/borzsonyi_2010.py): ‘Pressure dependent n2 [x 10^-19 cm2/W at 1bar]’: Ar 19.4 +- 1.9, Ne 1.8 +- 1.5, Xe 84.3 +- 42.0, N2 6.7 +- 2.0 (air 5.7 +- 2.5). ‘The measurements were carried out at an ambient temperature of 20 C’ (p. 25851); ‘within the conditions of 1000 mbar and 293 K, except for xenon with a peak pressure of 100 mbar’ (p. 25853). The dependence on pressure is linear (Fig. 5). The error is larger than expected; the likely reason, the imperfect match of the spectral phase to the spectrum (p. 25853). Level not stated.

HEADER MISPRINT (erratum, 2026-09-26): the measured row’s header reads ‘x 10^-19 cm2/W at 1bar’. Read so, Ar 19.4, Ne 1.8 and Xe 84.3 (x 1e-19) lie 2.4, 2.1 and 1.5 times above the largest literature value the same table prints in the same unit (Ar 7.96, Ne 0.85, Xe 54.8; N2’s 6.7 lies within 1.36-12.7), and 8-20 times above the ESHG-based gamma of the fits here (TC-314), although the text says ‘the measured n2 values at 1 bar pressure are in agreement with the measured and theoretically deducted values from earlier works’ (p. 25853). Read as x 10^-20, Ar 1.94 and Ne 0.18 lie within the table’s literature ranges, Xe 8.4 and N2 0.67 below them (0.75 and 0.5 times the smallest), and the values are 0.8-2 times the fits’. The measured rows carry a scale erratum 1e-19 -> 1e-20 (the literature row keeps its printed 1e-19); the evidence is circumstantial (the text’s claim, and the physical implausibility of an order of magnitude), not a statement by the authors. Even so, Ar and Ne are about twice the other groups’ electronic n2; the stated errors are 10-80 %.

LITERATURE ROW (‘Values from the literature at 1 bar’, reproduced; wavelengths and states as the paper gives none: wavelength not stated, 1 bar as the table heads it): Ar 0.98 [16], 7.96 [17], 2.0 [24], 7.3 [32], 1.74 [19, 44]; Ne 0.85 [17], 0.14 [19, 44]; Xe 54.8 [17], 11.15 [19, 44]; N2 4.52 [16], 2.2 [24], 12.7 [32], 1.36 [19]. [16] = nibbering_1997 (its Table 2 n2,total, itself from hellwarth_1990: 0.980, 4.52 x 1e-23 m2/W); [17] = C. Bree, A. Demircan and G. Steinmeyer, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46, 433 (2010) (Keldysh / Kramers-Kronig theory, not in the library); [19] = shelton_1990; [24] = loriot_2009 (the original article, before the erratum halved its values: Ar 2.0, N2 2.2); [32] = Y.-H. Chen, S. Varma, I. Alexeev and H. M. Milchberg, Opt. Express 15, 7458 (2007) (not in the library); [44] = A. Couairon, H. S. Chakraborty and M. B. Gaarde, PRA 77, 053814 (2008) (not in the library). How Shelton’s gammas became these n2 is not stated. B-integral at 1000 mbar: Ar 0.121, N2 0.042, Ne 0.011 rad, Xe 0.053 at 100 mbar (p. 25853).

Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.

Datasets#

borzsonyi_2010/n2_Ar#

{
  "id": "n2_Ar",
  "material": "Ar",
  "file": "Ar/borzsonyi_2010__n2_Ar.csv",
  "table": "tbl_7c2c2d4e525c",
  "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
  "unit": "cm2/W",
  "scale": 1e-19,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "state": {
    "pressure_pa": 100000.0,
    "temperature_k": 293.0
  },
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  },
  "parameters": {
    "part": "total",
    "coefficient": "self",
    "pulse_fs": 200
  }
}

Table 1, ‘Pressure dependent n2 [x 10^-19 cm2/W at 1bar]’ (slope of n2 against pressure, per bar), 800 nm, 200-fs chirped pulses, 293 K (stated). Self coefficient, total response. See the source notes’ doubt on the size.

borzsonyi_2010/literature_Ar#

{
  "id": "literature_Ar",
  "material": "Ar",
  "file": "Ar/borzsonyi_2010__literature_Ar.csv",
  "table": "tbl_7c2c2d4e525c",
  "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
  "unit": "cm2/W",
  "scale": 1e-19,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "state": {
    "pressure_pa": 100000.0,
    "temperature_k": 293.0
  },
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "nibbering_1997",
    "C. Bree, A. Demircan and G. Steinmeyer, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46, 433 (2010)",
    "loriot_2009",
    "Y.-H. Chen, S. Varma, I. Alexeev and H. M. Milchberg, Opt. Express 15, 7458 (2007)",
    "shelton_1990",
    "A. Couairon, H. S. Chakraborty and M. B. Gaarde, Phys. Rev. A 77, 053814 (2008)"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "part": "unknown",
    "coefficient": "self"
  }
}

Table 1, ‘Values from the literature at 1 bar’, one row per value, the row id naming the reference number(s) (source notes). Wavelength not stated; the state is the table’s 1 bar: the paper gives neither for these values; mixed parts (theory, electronic, total). Not for fitting.

borzsonyi_2010/n2_Ne#

{
  "id": "n2_Ne",
  "material": "Ne",
  "file": "Ne/borzsonyi_2010__n2_Ne.csv",
  "table": "tbl_7c2c2d4e525c",
  "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
  "unit": "cm2/W",
  "scale": 1e-19,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "state": {
    "pressure_pa": 100000.0,
    "temperature_k": 293.0
  },
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  },
  "parameters": {
    "part": "total",
    "coefficient": "self",
    "pulse_fs": 200
  }
}

borzsonyi_2010/literature_Ne#

{
  "id": "literature_Ne",
  "material": "Ne",
  "file": "Ne/borzsonyi_2010__literature_Ne.csv",
  "table": "tbl_7c2c2d4e525c",
  "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
  "unit": "cm2/W",
  "scale": 1e-19,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "state": {
    "pressure_pa": 100000.0,
    "temperature_k": 293.0
  },
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "nibbering_1997",
    "C. Bree, A. Demircan and G. Steinmeyer, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46, 433 (2010)",
    "loriot_2009",
    "Y.-H. Chen, S. Varma, I. Alexeev and H. M. Milchberg, Opt. Express 15, 7458 (2007)",
    "shelton_1990",
    "A. Couairon, H. S. Chakraborty and M. B. Gaarde, Phys. Rev. A 77, 053814 (2008)"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "part": "unknown",
    "coefficient": "self"
  }
}

borzsonyi_2010/n2_Xe#

{
  "id": "n2_Xe",
  "material": "Xe",
  "file": "Xe/borzsonyi_2010__n2_Xe.csv",
  "table": "tbl_7c2c2d4e525c",
  "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
  "unit": "cm2/W",
  "scale": 1e-19,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "state": {
    "pressure_pa": 100000.0,
    "temperature_k": 293.0
  },
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  },
  "parameters": {
    "part": "total",
    "coefficient": "self",
    "pulse_fs": 200
  }
}

borzsonyi_2010/literature_Xe#

{
  "id": "literature_Xe",
  "material": "Xe",
  "file": "Xe/borzsonyi_2010__literature_Xe.csv",
  "table": "tbl_7c2c2d4e525c",
  "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
  "unit": "cm2/W",
  "scale": 1e-19,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "state": {
    "pressure_pa": 100000.0,
    "temperature_k": 293.0
  },
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "nibbering_1997",
    "C. Bree, A. Demircan and G. Steinmeyer, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46, 433 (2010)",
    "loriot_2009",
    "Y.-H. Chen, S. Varma, I. Alexeev and H. M. Milchberg, Opt. Express 15, 7458 (2007)",
    "shelton_1990",
    "A. Couairon, H. S. Chakraborty and M. B. Gaarde, Phys. Rev. A 77, 053814 (2008)"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "part": "unknown",
    "coefficient": "self"
  }
}

borzsonyi_2010/n2_N2#

{
  "id": "n2_N2",
  "material": "N2",
  "file": "N2/borzsonyi_2010__n2_N2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_7c2c2d4e525c",
  "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
  "unit": "cm2/W",
  "scale": 1e-19,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "state": {
    "pressure_pa": 100000.0,
    "temperature_k": 293.0
  },
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  },
  "parameters": {
    "part": "total",
    "coefficient": "self",
    "pulse_fs": 200
  }
}

borzsonyi_2010/literature_N2#

{
  "id": "literature_N2",
  "material": "N2",
  "file": "N2/borzsonyi_2010__literature_N2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_7c2c2d4e525c",
  "quantity": "nonlinear_index",
  "unit": "cm2/W",
  "scale": 1e-19,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "state": {
    "pressure_pa": 100000.0,
    "temperature_k": 293.0
  },
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "nibbering_1997",
    "C. Bree, A. Demircan and G. Steinmeyer, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46, 433 (2010)",
    "loriot_2009",
    "Y.-H. Chen, S. Varma, I. Alexeev and H. M. Milchberg, Opt. Express 15, 7458 (2007)",
    "shelton_1990",
    "A. Couairon, H. S. Chakraborty and M. B. Gaarde, Phys. Rev. A 77, 053814 (2008)"
  ],
  "parameters": {
    "part": "unknown",
    "coefficient": "self"
  }
}

Formulas#

No formulas are recorded.

Corrections#

[
  {
    "dataset": "n2_Ar",
    "row": "",
    "column": "scale",
    "printed": "1e-19",
    "corrected": "1e-20",
    "reason": "Table 1's measured row is headed x 10^-19 cm2/W, which puts Ar, Ne and Xe 1.5-2.4 times above the largest literature value the same table prints in that unit and all four 8-20 times above the ESHG-based gamma (TC-314); read as x 10^-20 they are 0.8-2 times it and agree with the literature as the text states.",
    "evidence": "Circumstantial: p. 25853, 'the measured n2 values at 1 bar pressure are in agreement with the measured and theoretically deducted values from earlier works'; Table 1's literature row (same unit): Ar 0.98-7.96, Ne 0.14-0.85, Xe 11.15-54.8, N2 1.36-12.7. Not stated by the authors. Checked 2026-09-26 against the library's table and text."
  },
  {
    "dataset": "n2_Ne",
    "row": "",
    "column": "scale",
    "printed": "1e-19",
    "corrected": "1e-20",
    "reason": "Table 1's measured row is headed x 10^-19 cm2/W, which puts Ar, Ne and Xe 1.5-2.4 times above the largest literature value the same table prints in that unit and all four 8-20 times above the ESHG-based gamma (TC-314); read as x 10^-20 they are 0.8-2 times it and agree with the literature as the text states.",
    "evidence": "Circumstantial: p. 25853, 'the measured n2 values at 1 bar pressure are in agreement with the measured and theoretically deducted values from earlier works'; Table 1's literature row (same unit): Ar 0.98-7.96, Ne 0.14-0.85, Xe 11.15-54.8, N2 1.36-12.7. Not stated by the authors. Checked 2026-09-26 against the library's table and text."
  },
  {
    "dataset": "n2_Xe",
    "row": "",
    "column": "scale",
    "printed": "1e-19",
    "corrected": "1e-20",
    "reason": "Table 1's measured row is headed x 10^-19 cm2/W, which puts Ar, Ne and Xe 1.5-2.4 times above the largest literature value the same table prints in that unit and all four 8-20 times above the ESHG-based gamma (TC-314); read as x 10^-20 they are 0.8-2 times it and agree with the literature as the text states.",
    "evidence": "Circumstantial: p. 25853, 'the measured n2 values at 1 bar pressure are in agreement with the measured and theoretically deducted values from earlier works'; Table 1's literature row (same unit): Ar 0.98-7.96, Ne 0.14-0.85, Xe 11.15-54.8, N2 1.36-12.7. Not stated by the authors. Checked 2026-09-26 against the library's table and text."
  },
  {
    "dataset": "n2_N2",
    "row": "",
    "column": "scale",
    "printed": "1e-19",
    "corrected": "1e-20",
    "reason": "Table 1's measured row is headed x 10^-19 cm2/W, which puts Ar, Ne and Xe 1.5-2.4 times above the largest literature value the same table prints in that unit and all four 8-20 times above the ESHG-based gamma (TC-314); read as x 10^-20 they are 0.8-2 times it and agree with the literature as the text states.",
    "evidence": "Circumstantial: p. 25853, 'the measured n2 values at 1 bar pressure are in agreement with the measured and theoretically deducted values from earlier works'; Table 1's literature row (same unit): Ar 0.98-7.96, Ne 0.14-0.85, Xe 11.15-54.8, N2 1.36-12.7. Not stated by the authors. Checked 2026-09-26 against the library's table and text."
  }
]

Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.