beetar_2020#
J. E. Beetar, M. Nrisimhamurty, T.-C. Truong, G. C. Nagar, Y. Liu, J. Nesper, O. Suarez, F. Rivas, Y. Wu, B. Shim and M. Chini, Sci. Adv. 6, eabb5375 (2020)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
Source kind: theory
Recorded technique: Hollow-core-fibre (3.5 m, 500 um) spectral broadening and compression of 280 fs, 1025 nm Yb:KGW pulses (up to 400 uJ) in Ar, N2 and N2O at 1-6.5 bar, modelled with a density-matrix rotational-alignment response plus the electronic Kerr term (supplement Eqs. S1-S5) and with a multimode nonlinear envelope equation using an instantaneous-plus-damped-oscillator Kerr response (Eq. S6), PPT/MPI ionisation and plasma (Eq. S7).
Materials in structured entries: Ar, N2, N2O
Dataset quantities: nonlinear_index, polarizability_anisotropy
Contents: 7 datasets; 0 formulas.
Curation notes#
Only the supplement (supplement_01, Table S1, split by the library into tbl_d1e82e48818a and tbl_696db144fb76; JSON cells equal to the images) holds values; all are simulation inputs.
Conventions (supplement p. 2-4): Delta n_i = n2 I(t) (instantaneous electronic Kerr, self coefficient); rotational Delta n_d(t) = (2 pi N / n0) Delta alpha (<cos^2 theta>_t - 1/3) (Eq. S1, Gaussian units), <cos^2 theta> from first-order density-matrix theory (Eqs. S2-S4) with rotational constant B, dephasing gamma and spin weights D_even, D_odd; total phase Delta phi = (2 pi L_eff / lambda)(Delta n_i + Delta n_d) (Eq. S5); in the propagation code Delta n = n2 (1 - xi) I(t) + n2 xi int R(t - tau) I(tau) dtau with R = R0 exp(-Gamma t) sin(w_R t), R0 = (Gamma^2 + w_R^2)/w_R (Eq. S6), so that the n2 of Eq. (S6) is the long-pulse (adiabatic) total index.
Sources (supplement p. 3): ‘The electronic Kerr nonlinear coefficients n2 for Ar, N2, and N2O as well as the values for the polarizability anisotropies Delta alpha and the rotational constants B were taken from Ref. (27)’ = Wahlstrand, Cheng & Milchberg, Phys. Rev. A 85, 043820 (2012) (record wahlstrand_2012); ‘As in Ref. (30), we found it necessary to increase the value of Delta alpha by a factor of 2 in order to obtain agreement with experimental results’ (table: ‘2 x 9.3’, ‘2 x 27.9’). Checked against Wahlstrand’s Table I (image): n2 = 9.7, 7.4, 17.2 x 10^-20 cm^2/W (Ar, N2, N2O) are Wahlstrand’s own values; but Delta alpha = 9.3 and 27.9 x 10^-25 cm^3 are the values Wahlstrand quote from Lin et al. [26] (Wahlstrand’s own are 6.7 +- 0.3 and 28.1 +- 1.1), so the anisotropies are reproduced from lin_1976 through wahlstrand_2012. B = 2.0 and 0.41 cm^-1 are Wahlstrand’s. The ‘n2 for long pulse’ (N2 3.2, N2O 43 x 10^-19 cm^2/W; Ar 0.97, the electronic value) is footnoted ‘Determined from fits to Delta n = Delta n_i + Delta n_d ... and gas parameters from the density matrix model simulations’, but it equals Wahlstrand’s n2 divided by Wahlstrand’s n2/n2,long ratio (7.4/0.23 = 32.2 and 17.2/0.04 = 430 x 10^-20 cm^2/W): reproduced from wahlstrand_2012 as well.
Every n2 is printed ‘x Pressure’ with the pressure in bar (Table S1 rows ‘Pressure (bar)’): the values are per bar; Wahlstrand’s are at 1 atm (a 1.3 % mislabelling). Temperature not stated (‘room temperature’, supplement p. 2): 293.15 K assumed. The wavelength is that of the simulations, 1.03 um (Wahlstrand measured at 800 nm). Other Table S1 entries (not third-order quantities): gamma^-1 = 20 ps (N2), 23.8 ps (N2O); D_even/D_odd = 6/3 (N2), 1/1 (N2O); Raman frequency 14.5 and 8 THz and relaxation 170 and 220 fs (N2, N2O) of the fitted response R(t); K = 14, 13, 11 (21 at 1.95 um) photons and the MPI cross sections sigma_K; band gaps 15.76, 15.58, 12.89 eV.
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
beetar_2020/n2_Ar#
{
"id": "n2_Ar",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/beetar_2020__n2_Ar.csv",
"table": "tbl_d1e82e48818a",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-19,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"state": {
"pressure_pa": 100000.0,
"temperature_k": 293.15
},
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"wahlstrand_2012"
],
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic",
"coefficient": "self"
}
}
Table S1(1): ‘0.97 x Pressure’ (10^-19 cm^2/W, pressure in bar): Wahlstrand et al. 2012’s 9.7 x 10^-20 cm^2/W at 1 atm, used per bar at 1.03 um.
beetar_2020/n2_N2#
{
"id": "n2_N2",
"material": "N2",
"file": "N2/beetar_2020__n2_N2.csv",
"table": "tbl_d1e82e48818a",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-19,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"state": {
"pressure_pa": 100000.0,
"temperature_k": 293.15
},
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"wahlstrand_2012"
],
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic",
"coefficient": "self"
}
}
Table S1(1): ‘0.74 x Pressure’: Wahlstrand et al. 2012’s electronic n2 7.4 x 10^-20 cm^2/W, used per bar at 1.03 um.
beetar_2020/n2_N2O#
{
"id": "n2_N2O",
"material": "N2O",
"file": "N2O/beetar_2020__n2_N2O.csv",
"table": "tbl_d1e82e48818a",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-19,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"state": {
"pressure_pa": 100000.0,
"temperature_k": 293.15
},
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"wahlstrand_2012"
],
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic",
"coefficient": "self"
}
}
Table S1(1): ‘1.72 x Pressure’: Wahlstrand et al. 2012’s electronic n2 17.2 x 10^-20 cm^2/W, used per bar at 1.03 um.
beetar_2020/delta_alpha_N2#
{
"id": "delta_alpha_N2",
"material": "N2",
"file": "N2/beetar_2020__delta_alpha_N2.csv",
"table": "tbl_d1e82e48818a",
"quantity": "polarizability_anisotropy",
"unit": "cm3",
"scale": 1e-25,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"lin_1976",
"wahlstrand_2012"
]
}
Table S1(1): printed ‘2 x 9.3’ (10^-25 cm^3); the value is 9.3, doubled in the simulations ‘to obtain agreement with experimental results’. 9.3 is Lin et al.’s value as quoted in Wahlstrand et al. 2012 Table I (not Wahlstrand’s own 6.7), although Beetar cite Wahlstrand. Wavelength of the simulations (1.03 um); the original’s is Lin et al.’s.
beetar_2020/delta_alpha_N2O#
{
"id": "delta_alpha_N2O",
"material": "N2O",
"file": "N2O/beetar_2020__delta_alpha_N2O.csv",
"table": "tbl_d1e82e48818a",
"quantity": "polarizability_anisotropy",
"unit": "cm3",
"scale": 1e-25,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"lin_1976",
"wahlstrand_2012"
]
}
Table S1(1): printed ‘2 x 27.9’ (10^-25 cm^3); the value is 27.9 (doubled in the simulations). Lin et al.’s value as quoted in Wahlstrand et al. 2012 Table I (Wahlstrand’s own: 28.1 +- 1.1).
beetar_2020/n2_long_N2#
{
"id": "n2_long_N2",
"material": "N2",
"file": "N2/beetar_2020__n2_long_N2.csv",
"table": "tbl_696db144fb76",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-19,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"state": {
"pressure_pa": 100000.0,
"temperature_k": 293.15
},
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"wahlstrand_2012"
],
"parameters": {
"part": "total",
"coefficient": "self"
}
}
Table S1(2): ‘n2 ... for long pulse’ ‘3.2 x Pressure’: the long-pulse (adiabatic) total index of Eq. (S6), equal to Wahlstrand’s 7.4 / 0.23 (their n2/n2,long) = 32 x 10^-20 cm^2/W.
beetar_2020/n2_long_N2O#
{
"id": "n2_long_N2O",
"material": "N2O",
"file": "N2O/beetar_2020__n2_long_N2O.csv",
"table": "tbl_696db144fb76",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "cm2/W",
"scale": 1e-19,
"abscissa_unit": "um",
"state": {
"pressure_pa": 100000.0,
"temperature_k": 293.15
},
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"wahlstrand_2012"
],
"parameters": {
"part": "total",
"coefficient": "self"
}
}
Table S1(2): ‘43 x Pressure’: the long-pulse total index, equal to Wahlstrand’s 17.2 / 0.04 = 430 x 10^-20 cm^2/W.
Formulas#
No formulas are recorded.
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.