yang_2025#
Y. Yang, J. A. Stone and P. F. Egan, “Demonstration of dispersion gas barometry”, Phys. Rev. Appl. 23, 064041 (2025)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
DOI: 10.1103/z9zz-lqzh
Source kind: measurement
Recorded technique: Two-colour Fabry-Perot refractometry (NIST; the apparatus of Egan and Yang 2023): a 15 cm titania-silicate cavity near 303 K, mirrors dual-coated for 633 and 1542 nm, interrogated synchronously by a He-Ne laser at 473.61187 THz and an ECDL at 194.36862 THz against comb-locked references; 100 quadruplets (two refractivities, pressure from a piston gauge, temperature from a capsule SPRT) per isotherm, 0.05-0.5 MPa. For helium, the cavity distortion and a pressure-calibration parameter are solved from the two refractivities with ab initio helium dispersion (the ‘optical-pressure scale’, epsilon_p = (2.2 +- 5.7) x 10^-6); for Ne, Ar, N2, A_eps and A_2 of Eq. (4) are solved at each quadruplet with that distortion (pp. 2-5).
Materials in structured entries: Ar, He, N2, Ne
Dataset quantities: molar_refractivity
Contents: 11 datasets; 4 formulas.
Curation notes#
Identity VALIDATED; first page checked (pdf page 1: Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 064041 (2025), published 17 June 2025). Page numbers are the article pages 1-7 (= pdf pages). Uncertainties are standard uncertainties (Table I caption).
THE MODEL (Eq. 4, p. 2): A_R(nu) = A_eps + A_2 nu_bar^2 + A_4 nu_bar^4 + A_6 nu_bar^6 + A_mu with nu_bar = nu/(10^14 Hz), A_eps = (4 pi/3) N_A alpha(0), A_mu = (4 pi/3) N_A chi. The two laser frequencies are 473.61187 and 194.36862 THz (vacuum wavelengths 632.9919 and 1542.3912 nm, computed). A_4, A_6 and A_mu are assumed (theory for Ne, Ar; Kumar and Meath’s DOSD sums for N2); only A_eps and A_2 are solved, so the measurement’s information is the pair (A_eps, A_2) of Table I. The raw data are in the NIST repository (doi 10.18434/mds2-3695), not in the library.
DATASETS: the A_eps column of Table I (static, ‘inf’): this work (primary, Ne, Ar, N2), and the literature rows (reproduced). A_2 has no quantity: recorded as the formulas ne_cauchy, ar_cauchy, n2_cauchy, he_A2 (this work) with the literature A_2 in their notes. In atomic units A_2 = (4 pi/3) N_A a0^3 S(-4) (2 pi 10^14 Hz / E_h/hbar)^2, i.e. S(-4) = A_2 / (0.3738031 cm^3/mol x 2.30988e-4) (computed with the package’s constants): Ne 2.84906 (lesiuk_2020 alpha_2 2.850(7)), Ar 27.9486 (lesiuk_2023 27.976(15), 1.0e-3 above), N2 30.1086 (nie_2025’s Olney 30.11(9); Kumar and Meath’s 25.70 gives 29.765), He 1.543206 (theory’s A_2 gives 1.543203).
ACCURACY (p. 6): A_eps ‘chiefly dominated by the measured (optical) pressure’, 5.7e-6 from helium dispersion theory, temperature 2.5e-6, neon impurity 4.0e-6 and kappa 3.3e-6; plus an A_mu discrepancy ‘corresponding to about 2 x 10^-6 A_eps’. A_2: about 3.5e-5 A_2 for Ne and Ar (statistics and A_4, A_6), 2.0e-4 A_2 for N2 (A_4, A_6 from the DOSD). ‘The A_2 values deduced from this work are 66 and 16 times more accurate than ab initio theory of neon and argon’. For helium, A_eps is fixed to theory and the measured A_2 = 1.332468(6) x 10^-4 validates the retardation-corrected theory (1.332465(5)).
All values refer to about 303 K (the isotherms ‘near 303 K’); the exact temperatures are in the supplemental material, not in the library.
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
yang_2025/A_eps_Ne#
{
"id": "A_eps_Ne",
"material": "Ne",
"file": "Ne/yang_2025__A_eps_Ne.csv",
"table": "tbl_ca4a321ccfce",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
},
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 303.0
}
}
Table I ‘This work’: A_eps = 0.994709(8) cm^3/mol, the static term of the two-frequency Cauchy fit (473.61187 and 194.36862 THz), with A_4, A_6 from Lesiuk et al.’s theory and A_mu ab initio assumed; on the optical-pressure scale (helium dispersion theory). 2.4 ppm below gaiser_2018 (0.3 sigma). The authors: ‘capacitance measurements that directly access A_eps will be more reliable than the derived values of this work’ (p. 6). About 303 K.
yang_2025/A_eps_Ar#
{
"id": "A_eps_Ar",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/yang_2025__A_eps_Ar.csv",
"table": "tbl_ca4a321ccfce",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
},
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 303.0
}
}
Table I ‘This work’: A_eps = 4.14070(3) cm^3/mol, as A_eps_Ne (A_4, A_6 from Lesiuk and Jeziorski 2023). 3.4 ppm above gaiser_2018. About 303 K.
yang_2025/A_eps_N2#
{
"id": "A_eps_N2",
"material": "N2",
"file": "N2/yang_2025__A_eps_N2.csv",
"table": "tbl_ca4a321ccfce",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
},
"parameters": {
"temperature_k": 303.0
}
}
Table I ‘This work’: A_eps = 4.38692(3) cm^3/mol, as A_eps_Ne, with A_4 and A_6 from Kumar and Meath’s DOSD sums [22] and B_R^(2) set to zero; A_mu for N2 ‘being finalized’ [28] (p. 6). 30 ppm below nie_2025’s 4.38705(16) (0.8 sigma) and 178 ppm below Schmidt and Moldover’s capacitance value 4.3877(2) (3.9 sigma). About 303 K.
yang_2025/lesiuk_2020_Ne#
{
"id": "lesiuk_2020_Ne",
"material": "Ne",
"file": "Ne/yang_2025__lesiuk_2020_Ne.csv",
"table": "tbl_ca4a321ccfce",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"lesiuk_2020"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table I ‘Theoretical [20]’: 0.9946(1) cm^3/mol, lesiuk_2020’s alpha_0 = 2.66080 au (0.994615 cm^3/mol) rounded; A_2 2.461(5) x 10^-4.
yang_2025/gaiser_2018_Ne#
{
"id": "gaiser_2018_Ne",
"material": "Ne",
"file": "Ne/yang_2025__gaiser_2018_Ne.csv",
"table": "tbl_ca4a321ccfce",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"gaiser_2018"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table I ‘Experimental [17]’: 0.994711(2), gaiser_2018’s 0.9947114(24) rounded.
yang_2025/lesiuk_2023_Ar#
{
"id": "lesiuk_2023_Ar",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/yang_2025__lesiuk_2023_Ar.csv",
"table": "tbl_ca4a321ccfce",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"lesiuk_2023"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table I ‘Theoretical [21]’: 4.1408(7) cm^3/mol, lesiuk_2023’s S(-2) = 11.0775(19) au (4.14081) rounded; A_2 24.16(1) x 10^-4 (lesiuk_2023’s S(-4) 27.976 gives 24.155).
yang_2025/gaiser_2018_Ar#
{
"id": "gaiser_2018_Ar",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/yang_2025__gaiser_2018_Ar.csv",
"table": "tbl_ca4a321ccfce",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"gaiser_2018"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table I ‘Experimental [17]’: 4.14069(1), gaiser_2018’s argon value rounded (nie_2025 uses 4.140686(10)).
yang_2025/kumar_meath_1992_N2#
{
"id": "kumar_meath_1992_N2",
"material": "N2",
"file": "N2/yang_2025__kumar_meath_1992_N2.csv",
"table": "tbl_ca4a321ccfce",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"A. Kumar and W. J. Meath, Theor. Chim. Acta 82, 131 (1992) (Ref. 22)"
]
}
Table I ‘Experimental [22]’: 4.388 cm^3/mol (A_2 25.70 x 10^-4), printed without uncertainty; Ref. 22 is Kumar and Meath’s constrained DOSD for H2 and N2 (the library text truncates the reference after ‘Theor. Chim. Ac’; presumably Theor. Chim. Acta 82, 131 (1992), as christiansen_1998 cites Kumar and Meath’s N2 DOSD), labelled ‘Experimental’ (a DOSD constrained by experiment). Not in the library.
yang_2025/schmidt_moldover_2003_N2#
{
"id": "schmidt_moldover_2003_N2",
"material": "N2",
"file": "N2/yang_2025__schmidt_moldover_2003_N2.csv",
"table": "tbl_ca4a321ccfce",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"schmidt_2003"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table I ‘Experimental [23]’: 4.3877(2) cm^3/mol, Schmidt and Moldover’s cross-capacitor dielectric value (level as this paper’s table, ‘standard uncertainty’). The original (schmidt_2003, Table V) prints no 4.3877: its two N2 fits give 4.38782 (18) (two parameters; the text’s ‘4.3878 +- 0.0009’) and 4.38748 (15) at 273.16 K (with A_tau), whose mean 4.38765 rounds to 4.3877, as does hohm_2013’s 11.7379 au (the same mean). So this is the mean of the two fits, not a printed value; the original states no level for its parenthesised fit uncertainties, and its full budget is about 2.7e-4 cm^3/mol (schmidt_2003 notes). Use the original.
yang_2025/puchalski_He#
{
"id": "puchalski_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/yang_2025__puchalski_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_ca4a321ccfce",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"puchalski_2016",
"pachucki_2019",
"puchalski_2020"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table I ‘Theoretical [8,14,24]’: 0.51725408(5) cm^3/mol (A_2 1.332465(5) x 10^-4 with the retardation correction of Ref. 14): Puchalski et al. 2016 (puchalski_2016), Pachucki and Puchalski 2019 (pachucki_2019), Puchalski et al. 2020 (puchalski_2020). The A_eps is puchalski_2020/molar_polarizability.
yang_2025/gaiser_2018_He#
{
"id": "gaiser_2018_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/yang_2025__gaiser_2018_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_ca4a321ccfce",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"gaiser_2018"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "1 sigma"
}
}
Table I ‘Experimental [17]’: 0.517254(1), gaiser_2018’s helium value rounded.
Formulas#
yang_2025/ne_cauchy#
{
"id": "ne_cauchy",
"material": "Ne",
"equation": "Eq. (4), p. 2, with Table I, p. 6",
"printed": "A_R(nu) = A_eps + A_2 nu_bar^2 + A_4 nu_bar^4 + A_6 nu_bar^6 + A_mu; Ne this work: A_eps 0.994709(8) cm^3/mol, A_2 2.46000(8) x 10^-4 cm^3/mol",
"variable": "nu_bar = nu/(10^14 Hz), nu the optical frequency; A_R in cm^3/mol",
"state": "none (molar, zero density)",
"density": "none",
"range": "the two measurement frequencies, 194.4 and 473.6 THz (1542-633 nm), about 303 K",
"coefficients": {
"A_eps": "0.994709",
"A_2": "2.46000e-4"
},
"check": "A_2 corresponds to S(-4) = 2.84906 au, against lesiuk_2020's alpha_2 = 2.850(7) (0.03 %); the theory row of Table I prints A_2 = 2.461(5) x 10^-4 (2.85022 au). A_4, A_6 and A_mu are not printed: the formula is incomplete without the authors' assumed values (Lesiuk et al. 2020). Checked 2026-09-25."
}
The measurement result is the pair (A_eps, A_2) with the theoretical A_4, A_6 and A_mu; A_eps is extracted as the dataset A_eps_Ne.
yang_2025/ar_cauchy#
{
"id": "ar_cauchy",
"material": "Ar",
"equation": "Eq. (4), p. 2, with Table I, p. 6",
"printed": "A_R(nu) = A_eps + A_2 nu_bar^2 + A_4 nu_bar^4 + A_6 nu_bar^6 + A_mu; Ar this work: A_eps 4.14070(3) cm^3/mol, A_2 24.1320(8) x 10^-4 cm^3/mol",
"variable": "nu_bar = nu/(10^14 Hz); A_R in cm^3/mol",
"state": "none (molar, zero density)",
"density": "none",
"range": "194.4 and 473.6 THz (1542-633 nm), about 303 K",
"coefficients": {
"A_eps": "4.14070",
"A_2": "24.1320e-4"
},
"check": "A_2 corresponds to S(-4) = 27.9486 au, 0.10 % below lesiuk_2023's 27.976(15) (1.8 sigma of theory); Table I's theory A_2 is 24.16(1) x 10^-4. 'For argon dispersion, measurement and ab initio calculation barely agree within mutual expanded uncertainty' (abstract). Checked 2026-09-25."
}
A_4, A_6, A_mu assumed from Lesiuk and Jeziorski (2023) and ab initio A_mu (not printed).
yang_2025/n2_cauchy#
{
"id": "n2_cauchy",
"material": "N2",
"equation": "Eq. (4), p. 2, with Table I, p. 6",
"printed": "A_R(nu) = A_eps + A_2 nu_bar^2 + A_4 nu_bar^4 + A_6 nu_bar^6 + A_mu; N2 this work: A_eps 4.38692(3) cm^3/mol, A_2 25.997(5) x 10^-4 cm^3/mol",
"variable": "nu_bar = nu/(10^14 Hz); A_R in cm^3/mol",
"state": "none (molar, zero density)",
"density": "none",
"range": "194.4 and 473.6 THz (1542-633 nm), about 303 K",
"coefficients": {
"A_eps": "4.38692",
"A_2": "25.997e-4"
},
"check": "A_2 corresponds to S(-4) = 30.1086 au, equal to nie_2025's Olney value 30.11(9); Kumar and Meath's A_2 in Table I, 25.70 x 10^-4 (29.765 au), is 1.1 % lower. Checked 2026-09-25."
}
A_4 and A_6 from Kumar and Meath’s DOSD sums [22]; the frequency dependence of B_R set to zero (‘a complete lack of knowledge’, p. 5), which leaves a trend in A_2(p); A_mu for N2 not final. Uncertainty of A_2 2.0e-4 of itself (p. 6).
yang_2025/he_A2#
{
"id": "he_A2",
"material": "He",
"equation": "Eq. (4), p. 2, with Table I, p. 6",
"printed": "He this work: A_2 1.332468(6) x 10^-4 cm^3/mol (A_eps fixed to theory, 0.51725408(5))",
"variable": "nu_bar = nu/(10^14 Hz); A_R in cm^3/mol",
"state": "none (molar, zero density)",
"density": "none",
"range": "194.4 and 473.6 THz (1542-633 nm), about 303 K",
"coefficients": {
"A_2": "1.332468e-4"
},
"check": "Theory (Table I, Refs. 8, 14, 24, with the retardation correction): 1.332465(5) x 10^-4; the measurement agrees to 2.3e-6 of A_2. S(-4) = 1.543206 au. Checked 2026-09-25."
}
Solved with epsilon_p = 0 (to avoid circularity) and A_eps set to the ab initio value (p. 6).
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.