weber_1978#
M. J. Weber, D. Milam, and W. L. Smith, “Nonlinear refractive index of glasses and crystals”, Opt. Eng. 17, 463-469 (1978)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
DOI: 10.1117/12.7972266
Source kind: compilation
Recorded technique: A review of the Livermore time-resolved interferometry (TRI) of the nonlinear index at 1064 nm, with a compilation of TRI values of glasses (Table 1) and crystals (Table 2): ‘all data cited are for interferometric measurements made using linearly polarized 1064-nm radiation, pulse durations in the range 100-1000 ps, and for sample temperatures of ~295 K. Several measurements are made of each sample to obtain an averaged result with the estimated error cited’ (p. 467). The method (Sec. III, pp. 465-466): Milam’s double-pass modified Michelson interferometer with a streak camera (10-ps resolution), gamma from Eq. (16), intensities up to 2.5e14 W/m2, Gaussian beams 6-12 mm in 1/e2 diameter; fringe shifts limited to ~0.3 waves. Table 3: the nuclear contribution from Raman spectra (Heiman and Hellwarth’s Born-Oppenheimer parameters).
Materials in structured entries: A86-82, Al2O3, Al2O3-Cr, B-101, BK7, BaF2, BeAl2O4, BeF2, C-2828, C-835, CaF2, CdF2, CeF3, ED-2, ED-4, EV-1, EY-1, FK-5, FK-51, FR-4, FR-5, KDP, LG-812, LHG-5, LHG-6, La2Be2O5, LaF3, LiF, LiYF4, MgF2, NaCl, NaF, PbF2, Q-88, SF-6, SiO2, SrF2, YAG
Dataset quantities: nonlinear_index, nonlinear_index_field
Contents: 58 datasets; 1 formula.
Curation notes#
Journal pages 463-469 = pdf pages 1-7 (journal page = 462 + pdf page). Identity checked against the first page (title, authors; Optical Engineering 17(5)). kind = compilation: most table values are the authors’ or others’ earlier papers (reference letters); the values of ‘D. Milam and W. L. Smith (unpublished)’ (Table 1 reference f: Q-88, LG-812; Table 2 reference b: Al2O3, BeAl2O4, La2Be2O5:Nd, NaCl) are first published here and are primary.
DEFINITIONS (quoted). p. 463: ‘For a laser beam of intensity I, the index change is given by gamma I or, alternatively, by n2 <E^2>, where E is the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets denote a time average.’ Eq. (18), p. 467: gamma(m^2/W) = (40 pi/cn) n2(esu), c in m/s. Eq. (5): n2 = (12 pi/n) Re chi1111(-w, w, w, -w) for linear polarization in an isotropic medium; Eq. (7): beta = (96 pi^2 omega/ n^2 c^2) Im chi1111, with dI/dz = -alpha I - beta I^2 (Eq. 6). Eqs. (11)-(12): n2(LP) = (12 pi/n) chi1111 = (2 pi/n)(3 sigma/4 + A0 + B0); n2(CP) = (24 pi/n) chi1122 = (pi/n)(sigma + 2 A0 + B0); Eqs. (13)-(15) for cubic crystals along (100) and (111). ‘if the electronic response is dominant, the ratio of the n2 values for the two polarizations should be 3/2’, as Moran et al. observed for SF-6 and YAG (p. 467). The tabulated gamma are optmat’s n2 (nonlinear_index, the self coefficient, linear polarization).
PART (p. 467): ‘the observed fringe shifts are coincident with the variation of the beam intensity for 125-ps laser pulses. Since the response times for electrostrictive self-focusing when the beam structure is large and for thermal self-focusing are much longer, the gamma values are attributed to the optical Kerr effect’; ‘The interferometric method measures the total nonlinear index for a given polarization’ (p. 466), and for glasses ‘the fraction f_e of n2 that is electronic in origin is ~0.6’ (sic: Table 3 gives 0.57-0.81). Hence part = electronic_vibrational (Raman included; no electrostriction or heating) for Tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 (tbl_b9afd7663851, p. 466; image checked) and TABLE 2 (tbl_279cf82b90e4, p. 466; image checked). One dataset per row (datasets gamma_*), gamma in 10^-20 m^2/W with the printed +- (level not stated), n_D kept in the printed cells only (source not stated). Reference letters (each table has its own list): Table 1 a Milam and Weber 1976 (milam_1976: reproduced; identical to its Table I in cm^2/W), b Weber, Cline, Smith, Milam, Heiman and Hellwarth, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 403 (1978), c Moran, She and Carman 1975, d Bliss, Speck and Simmons 1974, e Milam and Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-12, 512 (1976), f Milam and Smith (unpublished); Table 2 a Bliss et al. 1974, b Milam and Smith (unpublished), c Moran et al. 1975, d Milam and Weber 1976 (milam_1976), e Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977). The asterisk (‘Measured relative to ED-2 with gamma = 4.05 x 10^-20 m^2/W’, both tables) marks Moran et al.’s relative values (SF-6, C-835, C-2828, Al2O3:Cr) put on the scale of Bliss et al.’s ED-2 value (Table 1’s second ED-2 row, reference d): reproduced and rescaled. Crystal orientations: ‘this information was not noted for all samples and the original references should be consulted’ (p. 467); no axis is recorded. The ‘(o)’ of the n_D of Al2O3, MgF2, LaF3, LiYF4 labels the index, not the polarization of the n2 measurement. n_D of La2Be2O5:Nd and CeF3 are printed ‘~2.0-2.05’ and ‘~1.60’ (the extraction attaches the ‘~’ to the structure-type cell; the image shows it before n_D). Identity choices: ‘Fused silica 4000’ is Dynasil 4000 (milam_1976); ‘FK-5’ is milam_1976’s Hoya FC-5 (the same value, reference a); Table 1’s ED-2 n_D is 1.572 where milam_1976 prints 1.567.
TABLE 3 (tbl_b4032b6777cc, p. 467; image checked). ‘Nuclear contributions to the nonlinear refractive index of glasses. Parameters A0 and B0 were determined from Raman scattering spectra by Heiman and Hellwarth (Refs. 9, 21, 22); the total n2 values are from Table 1. f_e is the fraction of n2 which is electronic in origin. All quantities are in esu.’ Recorded: n2(nuclear) = (2 pi/n)(A0 + B0) (Eq. 19) as nonlinear_index_field, part vibrational (datasets n2_nuclear_*, primary: derived here from Heiman and Hellwarth’s unpublished parameters; their later paper, Heiman, Hellwarth and Hamilton, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 34, 63 (1979), is not in the library); n2(total) as check (datasets n2_total_*). A0, B0 (10^-16 esu) and f_e have no quantity and stay in the printed cells: f_e = SF-6 0.81, ED-4 0.81, SiO2 0.74, BK-7 0.78, LHG-5 0.61, LHG-6 0.57, FK-5 0.79, FK-51 0.76, B-101 0.72, BeF2 0.79; the Raman fraction of the long-pulse n2 is 1 - f_e (fused silica 0.26). Checks (computed 2026-09-27): Eq. (19) with Table 1’s n_D reproduces n2(nuclear) (SF-6 16.71, SiO2 2.499, BK-7 2.775, LHG-5 4.485, LHG-6 4.265, FK-5 2.282, FK-51 1.648, B-101 0.938, BeF2 0.493; printed 16.7, 2.49, 2.78, 4.5, 4.3, 2.28, 1.64, 0.94, 0.49: the silica and FK-51 cells are truncated, not rounded); Eq. (18) reproduces n2(total) from Table 1 to the printed digits except SF-6 (91.3 against 90.0); f_e = 1 - nuclear/total to the printed digits. FINDING: ED-4 is in Table 3 but not in Table 1, and its n2(total) 14.1 equals ED-2’s Table 1 value converted (3.77e-20 m^2/W, n_D 1.572: 14.14); either the row is ED-2 or its total is of unstated origin (no erratum: the paper does not decide it).
FORMULA. Eq. (24), with K = 2.8 x 10^-18 m^2/W (p. 468): recorded as bgo_gamma; no calculated value is printed (Fig. 2 only).
OTHER STATEMENTS. ‘The smallest gamma value reported for any solid is that of glassy BeF2’ (p. 468, Ref. 21). The nuclear contribution ‘for subnanosecond pulses is small or it scales in a manner similar to that of the electronic contribution’ (p. 468). Figure-of-merit table (p. 463): window gamma^-1, Brewster disk n gamma^-1, lens (n - 1) gamma^-1. B integral, Eq. (3).
FIGURES (not digitised). Fig. 1 (p. 465): the interferometer. Fig. 2 (p. 468): measured against calculated n2 for glasses and crystals of Tables 1 and 2. Fig. 3 (p. 468): n_d against Abbe number of optical glasses with lines of constant gamma from Eq. (24). Fig. 4: the same for cubic crystals.
REPRODUCTIONS OF THIS PAPER: adair_1987 Table 2 (reference c: seven glasses, the calibration standards; reference d values are this paper’s rescaled Moran entries), white_1984 (fused silica at 1064 nm, 2.73), adair_1989 Table III (TRI column: the fluorides equal Table 2’s reference-e values converted to esu).
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
weber_1978/gamma_SiO2#
{
"id": "gamma_SiO2",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/weber_1978__gamma_SiO2.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"milam_1976"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Fused silica 4000’ (fused silica), n_D 1.458: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference a (Milam and Weber, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 2497 (1976)).
weber_1978/gamma_BeF2#
{
"id": "gamma_BeF2",
"material": "BeF2",
"file": "BeF2/weber_1978__gamma_BeF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"M. J. Weber, C. F. Cline, W. L. Smith, D. Milam, D. Heiman, and R. W. Hellwarth, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 403 (1978)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Beryllium fluoride BeF2’ (glass), n_D 1.275: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference b (Weber, Cline, Smith, Milam, Heiman and Hellwarth, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 403 (1978)).
weber_1978/gamma_SF-6#
{
"id": "gamma_SF-6",
"material": "SF-6",
"file": "SF-6/weber_1978__gamma_SF-6.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"M. J. Moran, C.-Y. She, and R. L. Carman, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 259 (1975)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Silicate SF-6’ (silicate), n_D 1.805: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference c (Moran, She and Carman, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 259 (1975)). Moran et al.’s value relative to ED-2, scaled by this paper to ED-2 = 4.05e-20 m^2/W (the asterisk).
weber_1978/gamma_BK7#
{
"id": "gamma_BK7",
"material": "BK7",
"file": "BK7/weber_1978__gamma_BK7.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"milam_1976"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Borosilicate BK-7’ (borosilicate), n_D 1.517: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference a (Milam and Weber, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 2497 (1976)).
weber_1978/gamma_FK-5#
{
"id": "gamma_FK-5",
"material": "FK-5",
"file": "FK-5/weber_1978__gamma_FK-5.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"milam_1976"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Fluorosilicate FK-5’ (fluorosilicate), n_D 1.487: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference a (Milam and Weber, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 2497 (1976)). milam_1976 names this sample Hoya FC-5 (source notes).
weber_1978/gamma_FK-51#
{
"id": "gamma_FK-51",
"material": "FK-51",
"file": "FK-51/weber_1978__gamma_FK-51.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"milam_1976"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Fluorophosphate FK-51’ (fluorophosphate), n_D 1.487: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference a (Milam and Weber, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 2497 (1976)).
weber_1978/gamma_C-835#
{
"id": "gamma_C-835",
"material": "C-835",
"file": "C-835/weber_1978__gamma_C-835.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"M. J. Moran, C.-Y. She, and R. L. Carman, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 259 (1975)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Silicate C-835’ (Nd silicate laser glass), n_D 1.50: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference c (Moran, She and Carman, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 259 (1975)). Moran et al.’s value relative to ED-2, scaled by this paper to ED-2 = 4.05e-20 m^2/W (the asterisk).
weber_1978/gamma_C-2828#
{
"id": "gamma_C-2828",
"material": "C-2828",
"file": "C-2828/weber_1978__gamma_C-2828.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"M. J. Moran, C.-Y. She, and R. L. Carman, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 259 (1975)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Silicate C-2828’ (Nd silicate laser glass), n_D 1.53: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference c (Moran, She and Carman, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 259 (1975)). Moran et al.’s value relative to ED-2, scaled by this paper to ED-2 = 4.05e-20 m^2/W (the asterisk).
weber_1978/gamma_ED-2#
{
"id": "gamma_ED-2",
"material": "ED-2",
"file": "ED-2/weber_1978__gamma_ED-2.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"milam_1976"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Silicate ED-2’ (Nd silicate laser glass), n_D 1.572: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference a (Milam and Weber, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 2497 (1976)). milam_1976 prints ED-2’s n_D as 1.567.
weber_1978/gamma_ED-2_d#
{
"id": "gamma_ED-2_d",
"material": "ED-2",
"file": "ED-2/weber_1978__gamma_ED-2_d.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"E. S. Bliss, D. R. Speck, and W. W. Simmons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 728 (1974)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘ED-2 (second row)’ (Nd silicate laser glass), n_D 1.572: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference d (Bliss, Speck and Simmons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 728 (1974)). The second ED-2 row; the reference value of the asterisked (Moran) entries, ‘Measured relative to ED-2 with gamma = 4.05 x 10^-20 m^2/W’.
weber_1978/gamma_EV-1#
{
"id": "gamma_EV-1",
"material": "EV-1",
"file": "EV-1/weber_1978__gamma_EV-1.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam and M. J. Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-12, 512 (1976)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Phosphate EV-1’ (Nd phosphate laser glass), n_D 1.507: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam and Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-12, 512 (1976)).
weber_1978/gamma_LHG-5#
{
"id": "gamma_LHG-5",
"material": "LHG-5",
"file": "LHG-5/weber_1978__gamma_LHG-5.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam and M. J. Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-12, 512 (1976)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Phosphate LHG-5’ (Nd phosphate laser glass), n_D 1.541: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam and Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-12, 512 (1976)).
weber_1978/gamma_LHG-6#
{
"id": "gamma_LHG-6",
"material": "LHG-6",
"file": "LHG-6/weber_1978__gamma_LHG-6.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam and M. J. Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-12, 512 (1976)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Phosphate LHG-6’ (Nd phosphate laser glass), n_D 1.532: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam and Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-12, 512 (1976)).
weber_1978/gamma_Q-88#
{
"id": "gamma_Q-88",
"material": "Q-88",
"file": "Q-88/weber_1978__gamma_Q-88.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Phosphate Q-88’ (Nd phosphate laser glass), n_D 1.536: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference f (Milam and Smith (unpublished)).
weber_1978/gamma_A86-82#
{
"id": "gamma_A86-82",
"material": "A86-82",
"file": "A86-82/weber_1978__gamma_A86-82.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam and M. J. Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-12, 512 (1976)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Fluorophosphate A86-82’ (Nd fluorophosphate laser glass), n_D 1.492: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam and Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-12, 512 (1976)).
weber_1978/gamma_LG-812#
{
"id": "gamma_LG-812",
"material": "LG-812",
"file": "LG-812/weber_1978__gamma_LG-812.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Fluorophosphate LG-812’ (Nd fluorophosphate laser glass), n_D 1.426: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference f (Milam and Smith (unpublished)).
weber_1978/gamma_B-101#
{
"id": "gamma_B-101",
"material": "B-101",
"file": "B-101/weber_1978__gamma_B-101.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"M. J. Weber, C. F. Cline, W. L. Smith, D. Milam, D. Heiman, and R. W. Hellwarth, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 403 (1978)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Fluoroberyllate B-101’ (Nd fluoroberyllate laser glass), n_D 1.340: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference b (Weber, Cline, Smith, Milam, Heiman and Hellwarth, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 403 (1978)).
weber_1978/gamma_FR-4#
{
"id": "gamma_FR-4",
"material": "FR-4",
"file": "FR-4/weber_1978__gamma_FR-4.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"E. S. Bliss, D. R. Speck, and W. W. Simmons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 728 (1974)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Phosphate (Ce) FR-4’ (Ce phosphate Faraday rotator glass), n_D 1.572: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference d (Bliss, Speck and Simmons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 728 (1974)).
weber_1978/gamma_EY-1#
{
"id": "gamma_EY-1",
"material": "EY-1",
"file": "EY-1/weber_1978__gamma_EY-1.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"E. S. Bliss, D. R. Speck, and W. W. Simmons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 728 (1974)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Silicate (Tb) EY-1’ (Tb silicate Faraday rotator glass), n_D 1.626: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference d (Bliss, Speck and Simmons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 728 (1974)).
weber_1978/gamma_FR-5#
{
"id": "gamma_FR-5",
"material": "FR-5",
"file": "FR-5/weber_1978__gamma_FR-5.csv",
"table": "tbl_b9afd7663851",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"milam_1976"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 1 (p. 466), ‘Silicate (Tb) FR-5’ (Tb silicate Faraday rotator glass), n_D 1.686: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference a (Milam and Weber, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 2497 (1976)).
weber_1978/gamma_YAG#
{
"id": "gamma_YAG",
"material": "YAG",
"file": "YAG/weber_1978__gamma_YAG.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"E. S. Bliss, D. R. Speck, and W. W. Simmons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 728 (1974)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘Y3Al5O12, cubic (garnet)’, n_D 1.835: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference a (Bliss, Speck and Simmons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 728 (1974)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_Al2O3#
{
"id": "gamma_Al2O3",
"material": "Al2O3",
"file": "Al2O3/weber_1978__gamma_Al2O3.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘Al2O3, rhombohedral’, n_D 1.768 (o): gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference b (Milam and Smith (unpublished)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_Al2O3-Cr#
{
"id": "gamma_Al2O3-Cr",
"material": "Al2O3-Cr",
"file": "Al2O3-Cr/weber_1978__gamma_Al2O3-Cr.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"M. J. Moran, C.-Y. She, and R. L. Carman, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 259 (1975)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘Al2O3:Cr, rhombohedral’, n_D 1.768 (o): gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference c (Moran, She and Carman, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 259 (1975)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467). Moran et al.’s value relative to ED-2, scaled by this paper to ED-2 = 4.05e-20 m^2/W (the asterisk).
weber_1978/gamma_BeAl2O4#
{
"id": "gamma_BeAl2O4",
"material": "BeAl2O4",
"file": "BeAl2O4/weber_1978__gamma_BeAl2O4.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘BeAl2O4, orthorhombic’, n_D 1.735 (alpha), 1.743 (gamma): gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference b (Milam and Smith (unpublished)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_La2Be2O5#
{
"id": "gamma_La2Be2O5",
"material": "La2Be2O5",
"file": "La2Be2O5/weber_1978__gamma_La2Be2O5.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘La2Be2O5:Nd, monoclinic’, n_D ~2.0-2.05: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference b (Milam and Smith (unpublished)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_KDP#
{
"id": "gamma_KDP",
"material": "KDP",
"file": "KDP/weber_1978__gamma_KDP.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"milam_1976"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘KH2PO4, tetragonal’, n_D 1.468 (e): gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference d (Milam and Weber, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 2497 (1976)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467). milam_1976 Table I (e-ray n_D); orientation not stated.
weber_1978/gamma_NaCl#
{
"id": "gamma_NaCl",
"material": "NaCl",
"file": "NaCl/weber_1978__gamma_NaCl.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘NaCl, cubic’, n_D 1.544: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference b (Milam and Smith (unpublished)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_LiF#
{
"id": "gamma_LiF",
"material": "LiF",
"file": "LiF/weber_1978__gamma_LiF.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘LiF, cubic (NaCl)’, n_D 1.392: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_NaF#
{
"id": "gamma_NaF",
"material": "NaF",
"file": "NaF/weber_1978__gamma_NaF.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘NaF, cubic (NaCl)’, n_D 1.326: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_CaF2#
{
"id": "gamma_CaF2",
"material": "CaF2",
"file": "CaF2/weber_1978__gamma_CaF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘CaF2, cubic (fluorite)’, n_D 1.434: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_SrF2#
{
"id": "gamma_SrF2",
"material": "SrF2",
"file": "SrF2/weber_1978__gamma_SrF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘SrF2, cubic (fluorite)’, n_D 1.438: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_BaF2#
{
"id": "gamma_BaF2",
"material": "BaF2",
"file": "BaF2/weber_1978__gamma_BaF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘BaF2, cubic (fluorite)’, n_D 1.475: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_CdF2#
{
"id": "gamma_CdF2",
"material": "CdF2",
"file": "CdF2/weber_1978__gamma_CdF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘CdF2, cubic (fluorite)’, n_D 1.576: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_PbF2#
{
"id": "gamma_PbF2",
"material": "PbF2",
"file": "PbF2/weber_1978__gamma_PbF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘PbF2, cubic (fluorite)’, n_D 1.769: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_MgF2#
{
"id": "gamma_MgF2",
"material": "MgF2",
"file": "MgF2/weber_1978__gamma_MgF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘MgF2, tetragonal (rutile)’, n_D 1.378 (o): gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467). milam_1976’s footnote 8 gives an earlier unpublished 0.30 +- 0.1 x 10^-16 cm^2/W (a factor 3 lower).
weber_1978/gamma_LaF3#
{
"id": "gamma_LaF3",
"material": "LaF3",
"file": "LaF3/weber_1978__gamma_LaF3.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘LaF3, hexagonal (tysonite)’, n_D 1.603 (o): gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_CeF3#
{
"id": "gamma_CeF3",
"material": "CeF3",
"file": "CeF3/weber_1978__gamma_CeF3.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘CeF3, hexagonal (tysonite)’, n_D ~1.60: gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/gamma_LiYF4#
{
"id": "gamma_LiYF4",
"material": "LiYF4",
"file": "LiYF4/weber_1978__gamma_LiYF4.csv",
"table": "tbl_279cf82b90e4",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index",
"unit": "m2/W",
"scale": 1e-20,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"D. Milam, M. J. Weber, and A. J. Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)"
],
"uncertainty": {
"column": true,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry, 100-1000 ps",
"polarization": "linear",
"temperature_k": 295,
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 2 (p. 466), ‘LiYF4, tetragonal (scheelite)’, n_D 1.457 (o): gamma (Delta n = gamma I) in 10^-20 m^2/W with its +-, reference e (Milam, Weber and Glass, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 822 (1977)). Orientation not stated (‘this information was not noted for all samples’, p. 467).
weber_1978/n2_nuclear_SF-6#
{
"id": "n2_nuclear_SF-6",
"material": "SF-6",
"file": "SF-6/weber_1978__n2_nuclear_SF-6.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "spontaneous Raman scattering spectra (Heiman and Hellwarth), Eq. (19)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘SF-6’: n2(nuclear) = (2 pi/n)(A0 + B0), Eq. (19), in 10^-14 esu, from Heiman and Hellwarth’s A0 and B0 ‘determined from Raman scattering spectra’ (Refs. 9, 21, 22; ‘prior to publication’), for linear polarization. The Raman (nuclear) part of n2 in the long-wavelength limit; A0, B0 and f_e are in the printed cells (source notes).
weber_1978/n2_total_SF-6#
{
"id": "n2_total_SF-6",
"material": "SF-6",
"file": "SF-6/weber_1978__n2_total_SF-6.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry (Table 1)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘SF-6’: n2(total) in 10^-14 esu, ‘the total n2 values are from Table 1’ (caption), i.e. Table 1’s gamma converted by Eq. (18) (source notes); a second statement of Table 1, never to be used beside it. Table 1’s 21.2e-20 m^2/W with n_D 1.805 gives 91.3, not 90.0 (1.4 %).
weber_1978/n2_nuclear_ED-4#
{
"id": "n2_nuclear_ED-4",
"material": "ED-4",
"file": "ED-4/weber_1978__n2_nuclear_ED-4.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "spontaneous Raman scattering spectra (Heiman and Hellwarth), Eq. (19)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘ED-4’: n2(nuclear) = (2 pi/n)(A0 + B0), Eq. (19), in 10^-14 esu, from Heiman and Hellwarth’s A0 and B0 ‘determined from Raman scattering spectra’ (Refs. 9, 21, 22; ‘prior to publication’), for linear polarization. The Raman (nuclear) part of n2 in the long-wavelength limit; A0, B0 and f_e are in the printed cells (source notes). ED-4 is not in Table 1 (source notes).
weber_1978/n2_total_ED-4#
{
"id": "n2_total_ED-4",
"material": "ED-4",
"file": "ED-4/weber_1978__n2_total_ED-4.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry (Table 1)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘ED-4’: n2(total) in 10^-14 esu, ‘the total n2 values are from Table 1’ (caption), i.e. Table 1’s gamma converted by Eq. (18) (source notes); a second statement of Table 1, never to be used beside it. FINDING: ED-4 has no Table 1 entry; 14.1 is ED-2’s Table 1 value converted (3.77e-20 m^2/W with n_D 1.572 gives 14.14e-14 esu), so this total is ED-2’s or an ED-4 value of unstated origin (source notes).
weber_1978/n2_nuclear_SiO2#
{
"id": "n2_nuclear_SiO2",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/weber_1978__n2_nuclear_SiO2.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "spontaneous Raman scattering spectra (Heiman and Hellwarth), Eq. (19)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘SiO2’: n2(nuclear) = (2 pi/n)(A0 + B0), Eq. (19), in 10^-14 esu, from Heiman and Hellwarth’s A0 and B0 ‘determined from Raman scattering spectra’ (Refs. 9, 21, 22; ‘prior to publication’), for linear polarization. The Raman (nuclear) part of n2 in the long-wavelength limit; A0, B0 and f_e are in the printed cells (source notes).
weber_1978/n2_total_SiO2#
{
"id": "n2_total_SiO2",
"material": "SiO2",
"file": "SiO2/weber_1978__n2_total_SiO2.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry (Table 1)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘SiO2’: n2(total) in 10^-14 esu, ‘the total n2 values are from Table 1’ (caption), i.e. Table 1’s gamma converted by Eq. (18) (source notes); a second statement of Table 1, never to be used beside it.
weber_1978/n2_nuclear_BK7#
{
"id": "n2_nuclear_BK7",
"material": "BK7",
"file": "BK7/weber_1978__n2_nuclear_BK7.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "spontaneous Raman scattering spectra (Heiman and Hellwarth), Eq. (19)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘BK-7’: n2(nuclear) = (2 pi/n)(A0 + B0), Eq. (19), in 10^-14 esu, from Heiman and Hellwarth’s A0 and B0 ‘determined from Raman scattering spectra’ (Refs. 9, 21, 22; ‘prior to publication’), for linear polarization. The Raman (nuclear) part of n2 in the long-wavelength limit; A0, B0 and f_e are in the printed cells (source notes).
weber_1978/n2_total_BK7#
{
"id": "n2_total_BK7",
"material": "BK7",
"file": "BK7/weber_1978__n2_total_BK7.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry (Table 1)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘BK-7’: n2(total) in 10^-14 esu, ‘the total n2 values are from Table 1’ (caption), i.e. Table 1’s gamma converted by Eq. (18) (source notes); a second statement of Table 1, never to be used beside it.
weber_1978/n2_nuclear_LHG-5#
{
"id": "n2_nuclear_LHG-5",
"material": "LHG-5",
"file": "LHG-5/weber_1978__n2_nuclear_LHG-5.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "spontaneous Raman scattering spectra (Heiman and Hellwarth), Eq. (19)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘LHG-5’: n2(nuclear) = (2 pi/n)(A0 + B0), Eq. (19), in 10^-14 esu, from Heiman and Hellwarth’s A0 and B0 ‘determined from Raman scattering spectra’ (Refs. 9, 21, 22; ‘prior to publication’), for linear polarization. The Raman (nuclear) part of n2 in the long-wavelength limit; A0, B0 and f_e are in the printed cells (source notes).
weber_1978/n2_total_LHG-5#
{
"id": "n2_total_LHG-5",
"material": "LHG-5",
"file": "LHG-5/weber_1978__n2_total_LHG-5.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry (Table 1)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘LHG-5’: n2(total) in 10^-14 esu, ‘the total n2 values are from Table 1’ (caption), i.e. Table 1’s gamma converted by Eq. (18) (source notes); a second statement of Table 1, never to be used beside it.
weber_1978/n2_nuclear_LHG-6#
{
"id": "n2_nuclear_LHG-6",
"material": "LHG-6",
"file": "LHG-6/weber_1978__n2_nuclear_LHG-6.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "spontaneous Raman scattering spectra (Heiman and Hellwarth), Eq. (19)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘LHG-6’: n2(nuclear) = (2 pi/n)(A0 + B0), Eq. (19), in 10^-14 esu, from Heiman and Hellwarth’s A0 and B0 ‘determined from Raman scattering spectra’ (Refs. 9, 21, 22; ‘prior to publication’), for linear polarization. The Raman (nuclear) part of n2 in the long-wavelength limit; A0, B0 and f_e are in the printed cells (source notes).
weber_1978/n2_total_LHG-6#
{
"id": "n2_total_LHG-6",
"material": "LHG-6",
"file": "LHG-6/weber_1978__n2_total_LHG-6.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry (Table 1)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘LHG-6’: n2(total) in 10^-14 esu, ‘the total n2 values are from Table 1’ (caption), i.e. Table 1’s gamma converted by Eq. (18) (source notes); a second statement of Table 1, never to be used beside it.
weber_1978/n2_nuclear_FK-5#
{
"id": "n2_nuclear_FK-5",
"material": "FK-5",
"file": "FK-5/weber_1978__n2_nuclear_FK-5.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "spontaneous Raman scattering spectra (Heiman and Hellwarth), Eq. (19)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘FK-5’: n2(nuclear) = (2 pi/n)(A0 + B0), Eq. (19), in 10^-14 esu, from Heiman and Hellwarth’s A0 and B0 ‘determined from Raman scattering spectra’ (Refs. 9, 21, 22; ‘prior to publication’), for linear polarization. The Raman (nuclear) part of n2 in the long-wavelength limit; A0, B0 and f_e are in the printed cells (source notes).
weber_1978/n2_total_FK-5#
{
"id": "n2_total_FK-5",
"material": "FK-5",
"file": "FK-5/weber_1978__n2_total_FK-5.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry (Table 1)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘FK-5’: n2(total) in 10^-14 esu, ‘the total n2 values are from Table 1’ (caption), i.e. Table 1’s gamma converted by Eq. (18) (source notes); a second statement of Table 1, never to be used beside it.
weber_1978/n2_nuclear_FK-51#
{
"id": "n2_nuclear_FK-51",
"material": "FK-51",
"file": "FK-51/weber_1978__n2_nuclear_FK-51.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "spontaneous Raman scattering spectra (Heiman and Hellwarth), Eq. (19)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘FK-51’: n2(nuclear) = (2 pi/n)(A0 + B0), Eq. (19), in 10^-14 esu, from Heiman and Hellwarth’s A0 and B0 ‘determined from Raman scattering spectra’ (Refs. 9, 21, 22; ‘prior to publication’), for linear polarization. The Raman (nuclear) part of n2 in the long-wavelength limit; A0, B0 and f_e are in the printed cells (source notes).
weber_1978/n2_total_FK-51#
{
"id": "n2_total_FK-51",
"material": "FK-51",
"file": "FK-51/weber_1978__n2_total_FK-51.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry (Table 1)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘FK-51’: n2(total) in 10^-14 esu, ‘the total n2 values are from Table 1’ (caption), i.e. Table 1’s gamma converted by Eq. (18) (source notes); a second statement of Table 1, never to be used beside it.
weber_1978/n2_nuclear_B-101#
{
"id": "n2_nuclear_B-101",
"material": "B-101",
"file": "B-101/weber_1978__n2_nuclear_B-101.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "spontaneous Raman scattering spectra (Heiman and Hellwarth), Eq. (19)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘B-101’: n2(nuclear) = (2 pi/n)(A0 + B0), Eq. (19), in 10^-14 esu, from Heiman and Hellwarth’s A0 and B0 ‘determined from Raman scattering spectra’ (Refs. 9, 21, 22; ‘prior to publication’), for linear polarization. The Raman (nuclear) part of n2 in the long-wavelength limit; A0, B0 and f_e are in the printed cells (source notes).
weber_1978/n2_total_B-101#
{
"id": "n2_total_B-101",
"material": "B-101",
"file": "B-101/weber_1978__n2_total_B-101.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry (Table 1)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘B-101’: n2(total) in 10^-14 esu, ‘the total n2 values are from Table 1’ (caption), i.e. Table 1’s gamma converted by Eq. (18) (source notes); a second statement of Table 1, never to be used beside it.
weber_1978/n2_nuclear_BeF2#
{
"id": "n2_nuclear_BeF2",
"material": "BeF2",
"file": "BeF2/weber_1978__n2_nuclear_BeF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "primary",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "spontaneous Raman scattering spectra (Heiman and Hellwarth), Eq. (19)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘BeF2’: n2(nuclear) = (2 pi/n)(A0 + B0), Eq. (19), in 10^-14 esu, from Heiman and Hellwarth’s A0 and B0 ‘determined from Raman scattering spectra’ (Refs. 9, 21, 22; ‘prior to publication’), for linear polarization. The Raman (nuclear) part of n2 in the long-wavelength limit; A0, B0 and f_e are in the printed cells (source notes).
weber_1978/n2_total_BeF2#
{
"id": "n2_total_BeF2",
"material": "BeF2",
"file": "BeF2/weber_1978__n2_total_BeF2.csv",
"table": "tbl_b4032b6777cc",
"quantity": "nonlinear_index_field",
"unit": "esu",
"scale": 1e-14,
"abscissa_unit": "nm",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"definition": "<E^2>, E the amplitude of the optical electric field and the brackets a time average (p. 463)",
"part": "electronic_vibrational",
"coefficient": "self",
"technique": "time-resolved interferometry (Table 1)",
"polarization": "linear",
"form": "bulk"
}
}
Table 3 (p. 467), ‘BeF2’: n2(total) in 10^-14 esu, ‘the total n2 values are from Table 1’ (caption), i.e. Table 1’s gamma converted by Eq. (18) (source notes); a second statement of Table 1, never to be used beside it.
Formulas#
weber_1978/bgo_gamma#
{
"id": "bgo_gamma",
"equation": "Eq. (24), p. 467, with K on p. 468",
"printed": "\\gamma = K (n_d - 1)(n_d^2 + 2)^2 / ( n_d \\nu [1.5 + (n_d^2 + 2)(n_d + 1) \\nu / 6 n_d]^{1/2} ), K = 2.8 \\times 10^{-18} m^2/W",
"variable": "n_d: the index at 587.6 nm; nu = (n_d - 1)/(n_F - n_C), F and C at 486.1 and 656.3 nm; gamma in m^2/W (Delta n = gamma I)",
"range": "isotropic materials in the long-wavelength limit (omega << omega_0); 'Eq. (24) has been applied to crystalline materials; however, it must be modified to account for the spatial anisotropy' (p. 468)",
"coefficients": {
"K": "2.8e-18",
"constant": "1.5"
},
"check": "No calculated value is printed (Fig. 2 only). With Table 1's n_D and milam_1976's Abbe numbers (computed 2026-09-27): fused silica (1.458, 68) 2.46e-20 m^2/W (measured 2.73), BK-7 (1.517, 64) 3.13 (3.43), FK-5 (1.487, 70) 2.54 (3.01), FK-51 (1.487, 84) 1.94 (1.94), ED-2 (1.567, 54) 4.54 (3.77). The formula is the esu Boling-Glass-Owyoung formula times 40 pi/(c n_d): K = 68e-13 x 40 pi/c = 2.85e-18, and 1.5 for 1.517."
}
‘The constant K obtained initially from fitting data on several oxide glasses and crystals is 2.8 x 10^-18 m^2/W. More recently Eq. (24) was applied to gamma data measured for a large number of different fluoride crystals. The value of K which provided the best fit to the data was essentially the same’ (p. 468). Derived by Glass (Ref. 26) from Eq. (23) by expanding about the d line. ‘predictions of gamma for low-index solids based upon Eq. (24) are generally as reliable as single measurements of gamma’ (p. 468).
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.