watson_1936#
H. E. Watson and K. L. Ramaswamy, Proc. R. Soc. London A 156, 144 (1936)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
Source kind: measurement
Recorded technique: Zeiss Rayleigh interferometer with a 1 m all-glass tube, cadmium-mercury arc (Cd 6440.24, 5087.23, 4801.25 A; Hg 5462.25, 4359.56 A, vacuum wavelengths), near 25 degrees C (tube uniform to 0.02 C). One filling per gas: the fractions of a band at five lines read at successive pressures while the green bands are counted down to a few mm, so that density, compressibility and dispersion come from the same sample (pp. 3-7). The same gas samples served for the authors’ dielectric-coefficient measurements (Proc. Roy. Soc. A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper).
Materials in structured entries: Ar, CH4, CO, CO2, H2, He, Kr, N2, N2O, Ne, O2, SF6, Xe
Dataset quantities: molar_refractivity, refractivity
Contents: 32 datasets; 7 formulas.
Curation notes#
State: every refractivity of the authors’ own is (mu - 1) at 25 degrees C and 760 mm ‘which the gas would have if it obeyed the simple gas law’ (p. 7): the compressibility L of each gas (Table IV) was measured and the band count n = f p (1 + L p / 760) reduced to the ideal gas (pp. 3, 5): state 1 atm, 25 C, density ideal. ‘The values at 0 degrees C may be calculated by multiplying by 298/273’ (p. 7); Tables V and VI do so with 1.09157. Wavelengths ‘reduced to a vacuum’ (p. 3); frequencies with c = 2.9986e10 cm/s.
Accuracy: ‘band readings, even in the red and violet where the errors were greatest, could usually be considered accurate to 0.1 band’ (pp. 5-7); with the 1 m tube that is about 0.06 x 10^-6 in mu - 1 (the per-point uncertainty given: a reading precision, not an accuracy). Purity limits the accuracy: compared with other observers (Table V) ‘the agreement is by no means good, except for methane, which is easily purified. The discrepancies are almost certainly due to impurities in the gases’ (p. 11). ‘The accuracy of B is of the order of 1%, or rather less for gases with low refractive index and dispersion’ (p. 10). The green-line values of Table III (N2O, N2) were measured without the dispersion and ‘may not be so accurate’ (p. 10).
Table II gives 23 gases at five lines; only CH4, SF6 and CO2 are curated species. Under three of the five values the table prints the difference calculated - observed x 10^8 for the one-term formula mu - 1 = A / (B - n^2) (n the frequency), whose A and B are ‘calculated throughout from the values for the mercury green and violet lines’ (p. 7); the differences are not extracted (the formulas are recorded). Table III gives the green-line values of CO, O2, NO, N2O, N2, NH3 by the authors and by Cuthbertson (‘recalculated’ to 25 C with the compressibility correction Cuthbertson omitted, p. 10), and A computed with Cuthbertson’s B. Table V compares other observers at 0 C (the authors’ rows are their Table II values x 1.09157); Table VI reduces the remaining Table II/III values to 0 C. The authors’ 0 C values are extracted as checks (not independent).
Table VII gives the molar polarizations (cm^3 per mole of ideal gas, M/d = 24465 at 25 C): P_A + P_E from the dielectric coefficient (for gases without a dipole moment ‘deduced directly from the dielectric coefficient’, corrected for the revised compressibilities, p. 12), P_E = (mu_inf^2 - 1)/(mu_inf^2 + 2) M/d from the formula’s zero-frequency limit, and their difference P_A. P_A + P_E is the static molar polarizability (A_epsilon), extracted as a molar_refractivity at wavelength inf; the values are the authors’ dielectric results of the earlier papers of the series (reproduced, revised; those papers are not in the library). For the rare gases the refractive indices behind P_E are other observers’ (‘those of Damkohler’ for Ar, Kr, Xe, p. 13) and ‘the determinations were made with different gas samples’. P_E and P_A (derived) are not extracted. Against curated values the dielectric P_A + P_E are He 0.54 (puchalski_2016 0.5173, 4 % higher), Ne 1.00 (gaiser_2010 0.9947), Ar 4.11 (orcutt_1967 4.142), Kr 6.26 (orcutt_1967 6.267), H2 2.05 (orcutt_1967 2.033), N2 4.39 (orcutt_1967 4.39).
Table VI prints N2O at 0 C as 507.4, which is neither the authors’ 463.4 x 1.09157 = 505.8 nor Cuthbertson’s 464.6 x 1.09157 = 507.1 (CO2, N2, CO and NO agree with their 25 C values x 1.09157 to the last digit); it corresponds to 464.8 at 25 C. No correction is made (the dataset is a check); flagged.
Not extracted: Table I (the acetylene example), Table IV (compressibilities 100 L at 25 C: H2 -0.06, CH4 0.20, SF6 1.15, CO2 0.50, O2 0.08, N2O 0.55, N2 0.04, Ar 0.08, Kr 0.07, Xe 0.12, CO 0.04; the rare-gas values ‘taken from the paper of Damkohler’), the B values of Table V, and every non-curated gas (hydrocarbons, silanes, fluorides, HCN, C2N2, NO, NH3).
Carbon monoxide (Tables III, VI, VII): the authors’ green-line value 307.9 (dispersion not measured), Cuthbertson’s 1920 value recalculated (cuthbertson_1920’s 3364 x 10^-7 at 0 C, ideal-gas reduced, / 1.09157 = 308.18, and / (1 + 0.0004) for CO’s compressibility 100 L = 0.04 gives 308.06, printed 308.1: consistent), the 0 C value 336.1 (= 307.9 x 1.09157) and P_A + P_E = 4.98 cm^3 (P_E 4.89 recomputes from (mu - 1)_inf = 299.56e-6 as 4.886). CO has a small dipole moment; for polar gases P_A + P_E ‘is obtained by assuming Debye’s equation and extrapolating to very high temperatures’ (p. 12), so the value excludes the orientation term if the authors treated CO as polar, which is not said. Only the formula of Table III is given for CO, with Cuthbertson’s B.
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
watson_1936/dispersion_CH4#
{
"id": "dispersion_CH4",
"material": "CH4",
"file": "CH4/watson_1936__dispersion_CH4.csv",
"table": "tbl_56f6683d6c06",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 0.06,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table II, (mu - 1) x 10^6 at 25 C, 760 mm, ideal gas, five vacuum wavelengths. Uncertainty: the 0.1-band reading precision (source notes). The formula ch4 does not reproduce the green value (see its check).
watson_1936/dispersion_SF6#
{
"id": "dispersion_SF6",
"material": "SF6",
"file": "SF6/watson_1936__dispersion_SF6.csv",
"table": "tbl_5065fe5949d9",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 0.06,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table II (continued), (mu - 1) x 10^6 at 25 C, 760 mm, ideal gas, five vacuum wavelengths. Uncertainty: the 0.1-band reading precision (source notes).
watson_1936/dispersion_CO2#
{
"id": "dispersion_CO2",
"material": "CO2",
"file": "CO2/watson_1936__dispersion_CO2.csv",
"table": "tbl_5065fe5949d9",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 0.06,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table II (continued), (mu - 1) x 10^6 at 25 C, 760 mm, ideal gas, five vacuum wavelengths. Uncertainty: the 0.1-band reading precision (source notes). The table image prints the red value with a damaged last digit, 407.2(0); the cells read 407.20.
watson_1936/green_N2O#
{
"id": "green_N2O",
"material": "N2O",
"file": "N2O/watson_1936__green_N2O.csv",
"table": "tbl_97d70f8c24f3",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 0.06,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table III, the authors’ green-line value (dispersion not measured; ‘may not be so accurate’, p. 10). Uncertainty: the 0.1-band reading precision.
watson_1936/green_N2#
{
"id": "green_N2",
"material": "N2",
"file": "N2/watson_1936__green_N2.csv",
"table": "tbl_97d70f8c24f3",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 0.06,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table III, the authors’ green-line value (dispersion not measured; ‘may not be so accurate’, p. 10). Uncertainty: the 0.1-band reading precision.
watson_1936/green_CO#
{
"id": "green_CO",
"material": "CO",
"file": "CO/watson_1936__green_CO.csv",
"table": "tbl_97d70f8c24f3",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"use": "primary",
"uncertainty": {
"absolute": 0.06,
"level": "not stated"
}
}
Table III, the authors’ green-line value (dispersion not measured; ‘may not be so accurate’, p. 10). Uncertainty: the 0.1-band reading precision.
watson_1936/cuthbertson_CO#
{
"id": "cuthbertson_CO",
"material": "CO",
"file": "CO/watson_1936__cuthbertson_CO.csv",
"table": "tbl_97d70f8c24f3",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"cuthbertson_1920"
]
}
Table III, Cuthbertson’s green-line value (footnote asterisk: Proc. Roy. Soc. A 97, 152 (1920)) ‘recalculated’ by the authors to 25 C and corrected for the compressibility (p. 10): cuthbertson_1920’s 3364e-7 / 1.09157 / 1.0004 = 308.06e-6 (source notes).
watson_1936/cuthbertson_O2#
{
"id": "cuthbertson_O2",
"material": "O2",
"file": "O2/watson_1936__cuthbertson_O2.csv",
"table": "tbl_97d70f8c24f3",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"C. and M. Cuthbertson, Proc. R. Soc. London 83, 151 (1909)"
]
}
Table III, Cuthbertson’s green-line value (footnote dagger) ‘recalculated’ by the authors to 25 C and corrected for the compressibility Cuthbertson neglected (p. 10); not Cuthbertson’s printed number.
watson_1936/cuthbertson_N2O#
{
"id": "cuthbertson_N2O",
"material": "N2O",
"file": "N2O/watson_1936__cuthbertson_N2O.csv",
"table": "tbl_97d70f8c24f3",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"cuthbertson_1914"
]
}
Table III, Cuthbertson’s green-line value (footnote double dagger) ‘recalculated’ by the authors to 25 C and corrected for the compressibility Cuthbertson neglected (p. 10); not Cuthbertson’s printed number.
watson_1936/cuthbertson_N2#
{
"id": "cuthbertson_N2",
"material": "N2",
"file": "N2/watson_1936__cuthbertson_N2.csv",
"table": "tbl_97d70f8c24f3",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"C. and M. Cuthbertson, Proc. R. Soc. London 83, 151 (1909)"
]
}
Table III, Cuthbertson’s green-line value (footnote dagger) ‘recalculated’ by the authors to 25 C and corrected for the compressibility Cuthbertson neglected (p. 10); not Cuthbertson’s printed number.
watson_1936/tausz_hornung_CH4#
{
"id": "tausz_hornung_CH4",
"material": "CH4",
"file": "CH4/watson_1936__tausz_hornung_CH4.csv",
"table": "tbl_23af967b0794",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "ideal",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Tausz and Hornung, Z. tech. Phys. 8, 338 (1927)"
]
}
Table V, 0 C, Hg green line (printed 5462, taken as the authors’ vacuum 5462.25 A line). ‘Tausz and Hornung’s results were not corrected for compressibility; this has been done in Table V’ (p. 11): reduced to the ideal gas by the authors.
watson_1936/friberg_CH4#
{
"id": "friberg_CH4",
"material": "CH4",
"file": "CH4/watson_1936__friberg_CH4.csv",
"table": "tbl_23af967b0794",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Friberg, Dissert. Lund, p. 848 (1933)"
]
}
Table V, 0 C, Hg green line. ‘His original paper is not available and it is therefore not certain if a compressibility correction has been applied ... his values have been reproduced as published’ (p. 11).
watson_1936/klemm_henkel_SF6#
{
"id": "klemm_henkel_SF6",
"material": "SF6",
"file": "SF6/watson_1936__klemm_henkel_SF6.csv",
"table": "tbl_23af967b0794",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "unknown",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"Klemm and Henkel, Z. anorg. Chem. 213, 115 (1933)"
]
}
Table V, 0 C, Hg green line; reduction not stated.
watson_1936/zero_celsius_CH4#
{
"id": "zero_celsius_CH4",
"material": "CH4",
"file": "CH4/watson_1936__zero_celsius_CH4.csv",
"table": "tbl_23af967b0794",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "ideal",
"use": "check"
}
Table V, the authors’ 25 C green-line value x 1.09157 (298/273), printed 5462: not independent of the 25 C datasets.
watson_1936/zero_celsius_SF6#
{
"id": "zero_celsius_SF6",
"material": "SF6",
"file": "SF6/watson_1936__zero_celsius_SF6.csv",
"table": "tbl_23af967b0794",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "ideal",
"use": "check"
}
Table V, the authors’ 25 C green-line value x 1.09157 (298/273), printed 5462: not independent of the 25 C datasets.
watson_1936/zero_celsius_CO2#
{
"id": "zero_celsius_CO2",
"material": "CO2",
"file": "CO2/watson_1936__zero_celsius_CO2.csv",
"table": "tbl_06bdd0f09e6a",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "ideal",
"use": "check"
}
Table VI, the authors’ 25 C green-line value x 1.09157 (298/273), printed 5462: not independent of the 25 C datasets.
watson_1936/zero_celsius_CO#
{
"id": "zero_celsius_CO",
"material": "CO",
"file": "CO/watson_1936__zero_celsius_CO.csv",
"table": "tbl_06bdd0f09e6a",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "ideal",
"use": "check"
}
Table VI, the authors’ 25 C green-line value x 1.09157 (298/273), printed 5462: not independent of green_CO (307.9 x 1.09157 = 336.09).
watson_1936/zero_celsius_N2O#
{
"id": "zero_celsius_N2O",
"material": "N2O",
"file": "N2O/watson_1936__zero_celsius_N2O.csv",
"table": "tbl_06bdd0f09e6a",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "ideal",
"use": "check"
}
Table VI, the authors’ 25 C green-line value x 1.09157 (298/273), printed 5462: not independent of the 25 C datasets. Printed 507.4 is neither 463.4 x 1.09157 = 505.8 nor Cuthbertson’s 464.6 x 1.09157 = 507.1 (source notes).
watson_1936/zero_celsius_N2#
{
"id": "zero_celsius_N2",
"material": "N2",
"file": "N2/watson_1936__zero_celsius_N2.csv",
"table": "tbl_06bdd0f09e6a",
"quantity": "refractivity",
"scale": 1e-06,
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"state": "1atm_0C",
"density": "ideal",
"use": "check"
}
Table VI, the authors’ 25 C green-line value x 1.09157 (298/273), printed 5462: not independent of the 25 C datasets.
watson_1936/dielectric_H2#
{
"id": "dielectric_H2",
"material": "H2",
"file": "H2/watson_1936__dielectric_H2.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated.
watson_1936/dielectric_CH4#
{
"id": "dielectric_CH4",
"material": "CH4",
"file": "CH4/watson_1936__dielectric_CH4.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated. Printed twice in the table (identical rows).
watson_1936/dielectric_SF6#
{
"id": "dielectric_SF6",
"material": "SF6",
"file": "SF6/watson_1936__dielectric_SF6.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated.
watson_1936/dielectric_O2#
{
"id": "dielectric_O2",
"material": "O2",
"file": "O2/watson_1936__dielectric_O2.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated.
watson_1936/dielectric_CO2#
{
"id": "dielectric_CO2",
"material": "CO2",
"file": "CO2/watson_1936__dielectric_CO2.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated.
watson_1936/dielectric_CO#
{
"id": "dielectric_CO",
"material": "CO",
"file": "CO/watson_1936__dielectric_CO.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated. Electronic plus vibrational (‘atomic’, P_A = 0.09); CO is weakly polar, and for polar gases the orientation term is removed by a Debye extrapolation (p. 12); whether that was done for CO is not said.
watson_1936/dielectric_N2O#
{
"id": "dielectric_N2O",
"material": "N2O",
"file": "N2O/watson_1936__dielectric_N2O.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated.
watson_1936/dielectric_N2#
{
"id": "dielectric_N2",
"material": "N2",
"file": "N2/watson_1936__dielectric_N2.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated.
watson_1936/dielectric_He#
{
"id": "dielectric_He",
"material": "He",
"file": "He/watson_1936__dielectric_He.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated. 4 % above the curated values (source notes).
watson_1936/dielectric_Ne#
{
"id": "dielectric_Ne",
"material": "Ne",
"file": "Ne/watson_1936__dielectric_Ne.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated.
watson_1936/dielectric_Ar#
{
"id": "dielectric_Ar",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/watson_1936__dielectric_Ar.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated. Printed ‘A’.
watson_1936/dielectric_Kr#
{
"id": "dielectric_Kr",
"material": "Kr",
"file": "Kr/watson_1936__dielectric_Kr.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated.
watson_1936/dielectric_Xe#
{
"id": "dielectric_Xe",
"material": "Xe",
"file": "Xe/watson_1936__dielectric_Xe.csv",
"table": "tbl_d67d2c70949c",
"quantity": "molar_refractivity",
"unit": "cm3/mol",
"abscissa_unit": "angstrom",
"wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"H. E. Watson and co-workers, dielectric coefficients, Proc. R. Soc. London A 132, 569 (1931); 143, 558 (1934); and the preceding paper (Proc. R. Soc. A 156 (1936))"
]
}
Table VII, P_A + P_E: the static molar polarization from the dielectric coefficient (Clausius-Mossotti, per mole of ideal gas), the authors’ own measurements of the earlier papers with revised compressibilities; uncertainty not stated.
Formulas#
watson_1936/ch4#
{
"id": "ch4",
"material": "CH4",
"equation": "Table II, p. 8, with the formula of p. 7",
"printed": "mu - 1 = A / (B - n^2); 10^6 A/B = 395.38, A x 10^-23 = 45895, B x 10^-26 = 116078",
"variable": "n = c/lambda, frequency in s^-1, lambda the vacuum wavelength in cm, c = 2.9986e10 cm/s",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"range": "436-644 nm (A and B from the 5462.25 and 4359.56 A values)",
"coefficients": {
"A": "45895e23",
"B": "116078e26"
},
"check": "Does not reproduce its own table: it gives 412.180 at 4359.56 A (printed 412.18) but 405.919 at 5462.25 A against the printed 405.90, and the differences calc - obs x 10^8 at 6440.24, 5087.23, 4801.25 A come out -3.5, +3.0, +3.9 against the printed -7, -2, +3. A and B recomputed from the printed green and violet values (45751e23, 115728e26) give -6.3, +1.6, +2.9. No single misprint explains both the green value and the printed differences; 405.90 is the value used in Table V (x 1.09157 = 443.07). A/B = 395.38 agrees with the printed A and B. Checked 2026-09-25."
}
watson_1936/sf6#
{
"id": "sf6",
"material": "SF6",
"equation": "Table II (continued), p. 9",
"printed": "mu - 1 = A / (B - n^2); 10^6 A/B = 693.16, A x 10^-23 = 174065, B x 10^-26 = 251118",
"variable": "n = c/lambda, frequency in s^-1, lambda the vacuum wavelength in cm, c = 2.9986e10 cm/s",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"range": "436-644 nm",
"coefficients": {
"A": "174065e23",
"B": "251118e26"
},
"check": "Reproduces the green and violet values exactly and the printed differences calc - obs x 10^8 (-20, +4, -2) to within 0.6 (-19.4, +4.5, -2.3). Checked 2026-09-25."
}
The red value lies 2e-7 above the formula, which the authors attribute possibly to infrared absorption (p. 7).
watson_1936/co2#
{
"id": "co2",
"material": "CO2",
"equation": "Table II (continued), p. 9",
"printed": "mu - 1 = A / (B - n^2); 10^6 A/B = 401.00, A x 10^-23 = 56552, B x 10^-26 = 141026",
"variable": "n = c/lambda, frequency in s^-1, lambda the vacuum wavelength in cm, c = 2.9986e10 cm/s",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"range": "436-644 nm",
"coefficients": {
"A": "56552e23",
"B": "141026e26"
},
"check": "Reproduces the green and violet values to 0.3e-8 and the printed differences (+6, 0, -4) to within 0.5 (+6.5, +0.3, -3.9). Checked 2026-09-25."
}
watson_1936/n2#
{
"id": "n2",
"material": "N2",
"equation": "Table III, p. 10",
"printed": "mu - 1 = A / (B - n^2); (mu - 1)_inf x 10^6 = 269.3, A x 10^-23 = 46031, B x 10^-26 = 170950 (Cuthbertson's)",
"variable": "n = c/lambda, frequency in s^-1, lambda the vacuum wavelength in cm, c = 2.9986e10 cm/s",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"range": "visible (the green-line value with Cuthbertson's dispersion)",
"coefficients": {
"A": "46031e23",
"B": "170950e26"
},
"reproduced_from": [
"C. and M. Cuthbertson, Proc. R. Soc. London 83, 151 (1909)"
],
"check": "Gives 274.098 at 5462.25 A (the authors' 274.1) and A/B = 269.27 (printed 269.3). Checked 2026-09-25."
}
B is Cuthbertson’s (1909; the same n0^2 = 17,095e27 as cuthbertson_1920’s n2_1909), A the authors’ from their green-line value: a mixed formula.
watson_1936/n2o#
{
"id": "n2o",
"material": "N2O",
"equation": "Table III, p. 10",
"printed": "mu - 1 = A / (B - n^2); (mu - 1)_inf x 10^6 = 451.17, A x 10^-23 = 51505, B x 10^-26 = 114160 (Cuthbertson's)",
"variable": "n = c/lambda, frequency in s^-1, lambda the vacuum wavelength in cm, c = 2.9986e10 cm/s",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"range": "visible (the green-line value with Cuthbertson's dispersion)",
"coefficients": {
"A": "51505e23",
"B": "114160e26"
},
"reproduced_from": [
"cuthbertson_1914"
],
"check": "Gives 463.398 at 5462.25 A (the authors' 463.4) and A/B = 451.17. Checked 2026-09-25."
}
B from Cuthbertson (Phil. Trans. A 213, 1 (1913), the curated cuthbertson_1914), A from the authors’ green-line value.
watson_1936/co#
{
"id": "co",
"material": "CO",
"equation": "Table III, p. 10",
"printed": "mu - 1 = A / (B - n^2); (mu - 1)_inf x 10^6 = 299.56, A x 10^-23 = 33323, B x 10^-26 = 111240 (Cuthbertson's)",
"variable": "n = c/lambda, frequency in s^-1, lambda the vacuum wavelength in cm, c = 2.9986e10 cm/s",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"range": "visible (the green-line value with Cuthbertson's dispersion)",
"coefficients": {
"A": "33323e23",
"B": "111240e26"
},
"reproduced_from": [
"cuthbertson_1920"
],
"check": "Gives 307.901 at 5462.25 A (the authors' 307.9) and A/B = 299.560 (printed 299.56). Checked 2026-09-25."
}
B from Cuthbertson (Proc. Roy. Soc. A 97, 152 (1920), the curated cuthbertson_1920, whose co_1920 has n0^2 = 11,124e27), A from the authors’ green-line value: a mixed formula.
watson_1936/o2#
{
"id": "o2",
"material": "O2",
"equation": "Table III, p. 10",
"printed": "mu - 1 = A / (B - n^2); (mu - 1)_inf x 10^6 = 242.9, A x 10^-23 = 31096, B x 10^-26 = 128040 (Cuthbertson's)",
"variable": "n = c/lambda, frequency in s^-1, lambda the vacuum wavelength in cm, c = 2.9986e10 cm/s",
"state": {
"pressure_atm": 1.0,
"temperature_c": 25.0
},
"density": "ideal",
"range": "visible (Cuthbertson's)",
"coefficients": {
"A": "31096e23",
"B": "128040e26"
},
"reproduced_from": [
"C. and M. Cuthbertson, Proc. R. Soc. London 83, 151 (1909)"
],
"check": "Gives 248.716 at 5462.25 A (Cuthbertson's value as recalculated, 248.7) and A/B = 242.86 (printed 242.9). Checked 2026-09-25."
}
Entirely Cuthbertson’s data, rescaled to 25 C and the ideal gas by the authors (no measurement of their own).
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.