mao_2004#
S. S. Mao, F. Quere, S. Guizard, X. Mao, R. E. Russo, G. Petite and P. Martin, “Dynamics of femtosecond laser interactions with dielectrics”, Appl. Phys. A 79, 1695 (2004)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
DOI: 10.1007/s00339-004-2684-0
Source kind: compilation
Recorded technique: Review of femtosecond laser excitation of wide-gap dielectrics: carrier excitation (Keldysh photoionization, free-carrier absorption, avalanche), nonlinear propagation, self-trapped excitons and defects; the authors’ time-resolved imaging, spectral interferometry and transient-absorption experiments on SiO2, MgO, alkali halides; semiclassical against quantum relaxation of hot electrons in quartz.
Materials in structured entries: LiF, MgO, NaI, SiO2, SiO2_quartz
Dataset quantities: band_gap, electron_trapping_time
Contents: 6 datasets; 4 formulas.
Curation notes#
Journal pages 1695-1709 = PDF pages 1-15 (the PDF’s running heads give the odd page numbers). Identity validated with warnings (the library’s check on the caption layout); title, authors and journal checked against page 1695.
MATERIAL VALUES (datasets): the alkali-halide band gaps ‘ranging from 5.9 eV (NaI) to 13.7 eV (LiF)’ (ref. 32, N. Itoh, Adv. Phys. 31, 491 (1982); p. 1699); ‘E_g(SiO2) ~ 9 eV’ and ‘E_g(MgO) ~ 7.7 eV’, used to count the photons of the I^6 and I^5 laws of Fig. 11 (6 x 1.57 = 9.42 eV, 5 x 1.57 = 7.85 eV, checked; p. 1703; no source cited); the quartz band gap 9.8 eV of the seven-photon relaxation example (p. 1704, an input of the calculation); the SiO2 carrier trapping time 150 fs (spectral interferometry, ref. 49, Martin et al., Phys. Rev. B 55, 5799 (1997); p. 1702).
QUALITATIVE OR NO QUANTITY (not extracted): in diamond, MgO and Al2O3 ‘the negative phase shift was observed to persist for tens of picoseconds’ (no trapping), in NaCl, KBr and SiO2 (amorphous and crystalline) fast STE formation, ‘carrier lifetimes two orders of magnitude smaller’ (p. 1703); the SiO2 STE absorption band at 5.2 eV (Fig. 12), its first excited level ~4.2 eV, the ~2.8 eV luminescence of quartz (ref. 37); the Frohlich coupling constant alpha ‘from 6 x 10^-2 for semiconductors such as GaAs ... to larger than unity for SiO2, and even 5 for NaCl’ (p. 1704); the two LO phonon branches of quartz (150 and 60 meV) and the collision time ‘smaller than 1 fs’ in SiO2 (pp. 1704-1705); the imaged electron densities in silica glass at 1.3 x 10^13 W/cm2, ~2e19 cm^-3 at 333 fs and ~5e19 cm^-3 at 1333 fs (ref. 44, Mao et al. 2003; p. 1701). Fig. 7 (the fused-silica damage threshold at 800 nm against pulse duration, ‘Data from reference [39]’, Tien et al. 1999) and Fig. 11 (with the breakdown threshold of ref. 19, Stuart et al.) are figure-only reproductions.
FORMULAS: the rate equations are printed dN/dt = a I N + sigma N I^m, ‘proposed’ by Stuart et al. (ref. 19 = stuart_1996), whose Eq. (21) has a multiphoton term independent of N: the N in the second term is as printed here (a misprint or a different model; not resolvable).
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
mao_2004/band_gap_NaI#
{
"id": "band_gap_NaI",
"material": "NaI",
"table": "text",
"quantity": "band_gap",
"unit": "eV",
"abscissa": "none",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"N. Itoh, Adv. Phys. 31, 491 (1982)"
],
"parameters": {
"kind": "not stated"
}
}
1 inline points in the source record.
p. 1699: ‘In alkali halide crystals [32], which have an energy bandgap ranging from 5.9 eV (NaI) to 13.7 eV (LiF)’. Kind not stated.
mao_2004/band_gap_LiF#
{
"id": "band_gap_LiF",
"material": "LiF",
"table": "text",
"quantity": "band_gap",
"unit": "eV",
"abscissa": "none",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"N. Itoh, Adv. Phys. 31, 491 (1982)"
],
"parameters": {
"kind": "not stated"
}
}
1 inline points in the source record.
p. 1699, as for NaI.
mao_2004/band_gap_SiO2#
{
"id": "band_gap_SiO2",
"material": "SiO2",
"table": "text",
"quantity": "band_gap",
"unit": "eV",
"abscissa": "none",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"kind": "assumed",
"assumed": true
}
}
1 inline points in the source record.
p. 1703: ‘6 omega = 9.42 eV > E_g(SiO2) ~ 9 eV’, used to identify the six-photon law of the phase shift at 790 nm, 60 fs (Fig. 11, data of ref. 50, Quere et al. 2001); no source.
mao_2004/band_gap_MgO#
{
"id": "band_gap_MgO",
"material": "MgO",
"table": "text",
"quantity": "band_gap",
"unit": "eV",
"abscissa": "none",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"kind": "assumed",
"assumed": true
}
}
1 inline points in the source record.
p. 1703: ‘5 omega = 7.85 eV > E_g(MgO) ~ 7.7 eV’, the five-photon law in MgO; no source.
mao_2004/band_gap_quartz#
{
"id": "band_gap_quartz",
"material": "SiO2_quartz",
"table": "text",
"quantity": "band_gap",
"unit": "eV",
"abscissa": "none",
"use": "check",
"parameters": {
"kind": "assumed",
"assumed": true
}
}
1 inline points in the source record.
p. 1704: ‘We consider as an example a seven-photon injection process (1.57 eV photons) in a quartz sample with bandgap of 9.8 eV’, an input of the relaxation calculation (ref. 55, Daguzan et al. 1995); initial kinetic energy about 1.2 eV.
mao_2004/trapping_time_SiO2#
{
"id": "trapping_time_SiO2",
"material": "SiO2",
"table": "text",
"quantity": "electron_trapping_time",
"unit": "fs",
"abscissa": "none",
"use": "reproduced",
"reproduced_from": [
"P. Martin, S. Guizard, P. Daguzan, G. Petite, P. D'Oliviera, P. Meynadier and M. Perdrix, Phys. Rev. B 55, 5799 (1997)"
]
}
1 inline points in the source record.
p. 1702 (Fig. 10): ‘In SiO2, this relaxation occurs with a time constant of 150 fs. It has been demonstrated that this second type of evolution is due to the trapping of most of the excited carriers as self-trapped excitons [49]’; 800-nm pump, 400-nm probe. The trapping time is independent of the excitation density in SiO2 (p. 1703).
Formulas#
mao_2004/keldysh_parameter#
{
"id": "keldysh_parameter",
"equation": "Sect. 1.1.1, p. 1696",
"printed": "gamma = omega (2 m* E_g)^(1/2) / (e E)",
"variable": "m*, e: the effective mass and charge of the electron; E the amplitude of the laser field at frequency omega; E_g the band gap",
"check": "Nothing to reproduce."
}
Note the factor 2 under the root (compare couairon_2005 and jing_2012: omega sqrt(m U_i)/(e E) with m the reduced mass).
mao_2004/rate_equations#
{
"id": "rate_equations",
"equation": "Sect. 1.1.3, p. 1697",
"printed": "dN/dt = a I N + sigma N I^m; with trapping: dN/dt = a I N + sigma N I^m + sigma_x N_STE I^(m_x) - N/tau_x, dN_STE/dt = -sigma_x N_STE p I^(m_x) + N/tau_x",
"variable": "N: conduction-band density; a a constant (avalanche); sigma the m-photon cross section; N_STE the self-trapped-exciton density; sigma_x the m_x-photon cross section of STEs; tau_x the trapping time",
"reproduced_from": [
"stuart_1996"
],
"check": "Nothing to reproduce."
}
As printed, the multiphoton term sigma N I^m is proportional to N; in stuart_1996 (Eq. 21), cited as ref. 19 for the first equation, the photoionization rate P(I) does not multiply n. The symbol p in the STE equation is not defined.
mao_2004/drude_and_plasma_index#
{
"id": "drude_and_plasma_index",
"equation": "Sects. 1.1.2 and 1.2.2, pp. 1696-1698; Sect. 2.2, p. 1702",
"printed": "eps = 1 - omega_p^2 [tau^2/(1 + omega^2 tau^2) + i tau^2/(omega tau (1 + omega^2 tau^2))], omega_p = sqrt(e^2 N/(eps0 m*)); n = n0 - N/(2 n0 N_c), N_c = omega^2 eps0 m*/e^2; Delta n = N_STE e^2/(2 n0 m eps0) x 1/(omega_tr^2 - omega^2); P_cr = 3.77 lambda^2/(8 pi n0 n2); n2 = 3 chi(3)/(4 eps0 c n0^2), I = (1/2) eps0 c n0 E^2",
"variable": "tau: the scattering time; omega_tr the STE resonance (~4.2 eV in SiO2)",
"coefficients": {
"factor": "3.77"
},
"check": "Nothing to reproduce."
}
The STE (Lorentz) index change explains the positive phase shift in SiO2 after ~150 fs (p. 1702).
mao_2004/frohlich_coupling#
{
"id": "frohlich_coupling",
"equation": "Sect. 2.4, p. 1704",
"printed": "alpha = (e^2/hbar) (m*/(2 hbar omega_LO))^(1/2) (1/eps_inf - 1/eps_0)",
"variable": "omega_LO: the LO phonon frequency at the zone centre; eps_inf, eps_0 the high-frequency and static dielectric constants; m* the electron effective mass",
"reproduced_from": [
"G. D. Mahan, Many Particles Physics (Plenum, New York, 1990)"
],
"check": "Nothing to reproduce."
}
Gaussian-unit form, as printed.
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.