lai_2017#
Y. H. Lai, J. Xu, U. B. Szafruga, B. K. Talbert, X. Gong, K. Zhang, H. Fuest, M. F. Kling, C. I. Blaga, P. Agostini and L. F. DiMauro, “Experimental investigation of strong-field-ionization theories for laser fields from visible to midinfrared frequencies”, Phys. Rev. A 96, 063417 (2017)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.96.063417
Source kind: measurement
Recorded technique: Ion yields against intensity (Sec. II, p. 3). ‘Two titanium sapphire laser systems (0.8-um central wavelength) delivering 80- to 100-fs pulses with a maximum energy of 12 mJ at 1-kHz repetition rate. These systems pump different optical parametric amplifiers providing tuning over 1-2 and 3-4 um.’ How the 0.4 um light was made, and the durations of the 0.4, 1.3 and 3.3 to 3.9 um pulses, are not stated. Pulse energy set by a half-wave plate and a polarizer, with neutral density filters or pellicle beam splitters; ellipticity by a quarter-wave plate (QWP) after them. Focused by a lens of 100 mm focal length into the chamber. The noble gases ‘delivered with a constant flow rate into the vacuum chamber through a leak valve’ (no pressure stated; base pressure about 1e-9 Torr). Ions detected by a 0.5-m-long home-built Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight spectrometer, microchannel-plate chevron detector, time-to-digital converter with 1-ns resolution; ‘Each data point is normalized to the number of laser shots and the gas density. The number of laser shots for a data point is at least 6 x 10^4’; the background ions (mainly water) are mass resolved from the targets. INTENSITY: ‘Laser intensities were calibrated by the 10 U_p cutoff in the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases [31,45,46]. The experimental intensities in some cases are slightly scaled (<=20% from the calibration) to achieve best fit to the theoretical ion yield curves’ (p. 3); ‘The uncertainty of our intensity calibration is about 20%’ (Table I’s caption; Fig. 12’s caption: ‘an error bar of 20% in intensity due to the uncertainty in intensity calibrations’). CIRCULAR POLARISATION: ‘To switch between linear and circular polarization (LP and CP) at a fixed intensity, the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))’ (p. 3): a CP point is at the same pulse energy, hence the same intensity, as an LP point at that abscissa, its field amplitude 1/sqrt(2) of the LP peak field; ‘peak amplitude of the field for LP is a factor of sqrt(2) larger than that for CP when the intensity is fixed’ (p. 6). The yields are relative: ‘Since we do not perform absolute measurements, the signal versus intensity is freely normalized to the theory, for example, on the highest intensity point’ (p. 3); the y axes read ‘Ion Yield (arb. units)’. The theory curves are focal-volume averaged over ‘the full Gaussian laser beam focus’ (App., p. 9), so the abscissa is the focal peak intensity (not said in so many words).
Materials in structured entries: Ar, Kr, Ne, Xe
Dataset quantities: ionization_yield
Contents: 16 datasets; 0 formulas.
Curation notes#
Article pp. 063417-1 to 063417-10 = PDF pages 1-10. Identity checked on PDF p. 1 (title, the eleven authors, The Ohio State University and MPQ Garching/LMU; received 10 October 2017, published 20 December 2017; DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.96.063417) on 2026-10-06; the library’s front matter agrees.
WHAT IS TAKEN (tools/extract/lai_2017.py; data rule 8, TC-699): the measured ion yields of the noble gases, Figs. 1 to 4 (all on PDF p. 2), 16 datasets, 435 points: Xe (Fig. 1, library figure fig_31008d4c7a41) at 0.8 um LP 37 and CP 35 points and at 3.3 um LP 21; Ar (Fig. 2, fig_0d4d59b034d0) at 0.4 um LP 25, CP 20, 0.8 um LP 45, CP 39, 1.3 um LP 16, CP 17; Kr (Fig. 3, fig_4b3af4da8236) at 0.8 um LP 39, CP 26, and (Fig. 3(b)) 3.3 um 23, 3.6 um 18, 3.9 um 16, polarisation not stated; Ne (Fig. 4, fig_73722d72eb42) at 0.8 um LP 30, CP 28. No yield is printed as a number anywhere in the paper. Each dataset is one gas, wavelength and polarisation; its rows are numbered in order of intensity; several sets hold two points at the same intensity (25 pairs, the yields 0 to 41 % apart, median 5 %: repeated measurements, kept as drawn).
NOT TAKEN: the PPT and ADK curves (the authors’ calculations of others’ formulas, Eqs. (A1) to (A7)); Na, K, Zn and Mg (Figs. 5 to 8, 11, 15, 16; outside optmat’s media); Fig. 9 (Xe 0.8 um again, with a polynomial fit and its derivative Y_d: the data are Fig. 1(a)’s, used as a check below; Y_d is not printed for any gas); Fig. 10 (theory-to-experiment ratios of Y_d at 0.8 I_BSI); Fig. 12 (measured-to-theory ratios of the saturation intensities: the measured I_sat themselves are printed only for Mg at 0.8 um, 20 TW/cm^2, p. 5, out of scope); Fig. 14 (ratios of R = Y_CP/Y_LP, experiment to theory). Fig. 13(a), the measured R at I_BSI for Ar 0.4, 0.8, 1.3 um, Xe, Kr and Ne 0.8 um, is the paper’s reduction of these same curves (Sec. IV C) and is not taken: it is checked against them below. No quantity of the vocabulary holds a circular-to-linear yield ratio (ionization_yield_ratio is a ratio to a companion species).
HOW THE FIGURES WERE READ: all four are MATLAB vector drawings on PDF p. 2 (tick labels are text; markers stroked paths). Each panel’s plot area is its white-filled rectangle. Both axes are logarithmic and calibrated from the panel’s own tick marks (on the bottom and left edges), every tick on the fitted scale within 0.05 pt (the script fails otherwise): x, the labelled decades (10^1 to 10^2, Fig. 4 10^2 to 10^3) and the eight unlabelled multiples between, 11 to 14 ticks per panel, the worst tick 0.011 to 0.039 pt off (0.0002 to 0.0006 decade); y, labelled ticks every second decade, 4 to 6 per panel, the worst 0.020 to 0.023 pt off (0.0009 to 0.0018 decade). The tick labels are read from the text (‘10’ and its superscript). Figs. 1(b) and 2(b) print no y labels: their ticks lie at Figs. 1(a)’s and 2(a)’s positions within 0.001 pt, whose labels they share. Scales: x 59.8 (Fig. 1), 67.3 (Fig. 2), 65.9 and 74.8 (Fig. 3(a), (b)), 128.2 pt per decade (Fig. 4); y 22.1, 12.8, 20.8, 14.9 and 22.1 pt per decade. Markers: open squares (LP; 3.3 um in Fig. 3(b)), circles (CP; 3.6 um) and up triangles (3.9 um), 2.8 to 4.0 pt across; the centre of a square or circle is the middle of its extent, of a triangle its centroid (in Fig. 3(b)’s legend the triangle’s centroid lies on its row, 0.02 pt off the rows’ even spacing, where the middle of its height lies 0.56 pt above: MATLAB centres the marker there). The legends’ markers are excluded (one beside each legend text ‘Expt...’, whose shape confirms the assignment of squares to LP and circles to CP, and of the shapes to 3.3, 3.6 and 3.9 um). Fig. 3(b) draws every data marker twice at one place (within 0.002 pt): each is kept once. All 504 marker paths of the page are accounted for (435 points, 57 second copies, 12 legend markers). An overlay of the extracted centres on the page rendered at 6x matched every marker (inspected 2026-10-06).
CHECKS: (1) Table I (p. 3, tbl_73c01a54f6cc, checked against its image) prints each set’s I_min and I_max: the linear sets’ (and Fig. 3(b)’s) extracted ranges agree within 3 % (Ne 113.8 to 1029.6 against 114 to 1030 TW/cm^2; Kr 3.9 um 29.2 to 100.2 against 29 to 100), except Ar at 1.3 um, 59.6 to 239.9 against 58 to 230 (+2.8 %, +4.3 %); the script allows 5 %. The circular sets reach beyond Table I’s I_max (Xe 0.8 um to 188, Kr 0.8 um to 213, Ar 1.3 um to 282, Ne to 1149 TW/cm^2): Table I’s ranges are the LP sets’. (2) Fig. 9(a) (p. 5, fig_826039bb622f) replots Xe’s 0.8 um yields on a linear intensity axis, a second drawing calibrated independently: its 37 squares are Fig. 1(a)’s 37 LP points, one for one, within 0.29 % in intensity and 0.76 % in yield (the same normalisation). (3) Fig. 13(a) (p. 6, fig_55247f967b87; its linear axis read from its ticks and labels, the markers’ centres as above) against Y_CP/Y_LP at Table II’s I_BSI (tbl_67a91b746408: Ne 862, Ar 246, Kr 153, Xe 86 TW/cm^2) from the extracted LP and CP sets (each log yield fitted by a straight line in log intensity through the five points nearest I_BSI): Ar 0.4 um 0.440 against Fig. 13’s 0.413, Ar 0.8 um 0.205 / 0.198, Ar 1.3 um 0.107 / 0.077 (the LP set ends at 240 TW/cm^2, so slightly extrapolated), Xe 0.156 / 0.133, Kr 0.175 / 0.153, Ne 0.208 / 0.183: the curves give 4 to 39 % more than Fig. 13, whose values they reach at 0.88 to 0.98 I_BSI. Sec. IV C says ‘All the comparisons are performed approximately at the calculated values of over-the-barrier intensities’ (p. 6); whether Fig. 13 was evaluated before the intensity rescaling (below) is not stated. The text prints no CP/LP ratio as a number.
UNCERTAINTY: the yields’ own uncertainty is not stated (no error bars; at least 6e4 shots a point). The datasets carry 1 %, the digitising: the y calibration’s worst tick residual is 0.0018 decade (0.4 %), the marker centres are exact to 0.001 pt, and Fig. 9(a) reproduces Fig. 1(a) to 0.8 %. The repeated points at one intensity (above) suggest a reproducibility of about 5 % (up to 41 % at Xe 3.3 um’s lowest intensities); this is not added. The intensity’s digitising is below 0.15 %; its calibration, ‘about 20%’ (level not stated), is a scale on the abscissa common to a set and is recorded in the parameters, not in the yields’ uncertainty.
THE ABSCISSA AND THE ORDINATE ARE NOT FREE OF THE THEORY: (1) ‘The experimental intensities in some cases are slightly scaled (<=20% from the calibration) to achieve best fit to the theoretical ion yield curves’ (p. 3): which sets were rescaled, and by how much, is not stated, so an intensity scale here may be PPT’s (with the authors’ Coulomb-corrected PPT, sine-squared envelope and volume average, App.) rather than the photoelectron calibration’s. (2) Each panel’s yields are ‘freely normalized to the theory’ (p. 3): the unit is arbitrary, and differs between panels. Within a panel, LP and CP presumably share one normalisation (the paper forms its measured R = Y_CP/Y_LP from them, Sec. IV C, and the QWP switches between them at one pulse energy); this is not stated. (3) Fig. 3(b)’s three sets ‘are displaced from each other arbitrarily along the vertical axis for clear illustration’ (its caption): their relative heights mean nothing (vertical_offset = ‘arbitrary’). Use these data for the shape of the yield against intensity and, within a panel, the CP/LP ratio; not for absolute yields or, without the 20 %, the intensity scale.
ODDITIES: the text (p. 3, Sec. IV) says ‘Figure 3 shows Xe ionized at 3.3 and 0.8 um’: it is Fig. 1 (Fig. 3 is Kr); no value is affected. Fig. 3(b)’s legend and caption give no polarisation for the 3.3 to 3.9 um sets (Fig. 1(b), Xe at 3.3 um, is labelled LP); the ion’s charge state is not stated (‘ion yield’; compared with single-ionisation theory, so singly charged presumably). Table I’s caption calls gamma at I_min ‘gamma_max’.
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
lai_2017/fig1a_Xe_0p8um_LP#
{
"id": "fig1a_Xe_0p8um_LP",
"material": "Xe",
"file": "Xe/lai_2017__fig1a_Xe_0p8um_LP.csv",
"table": "fig_31008d4c7a41",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 800,
"pulse_fs": "80 to 100",
"pulse_fs_definition": "as printed: the titanium sapphire systems 'delivering 80- to 100-fs pulses' (p. 3); the measure (FWHM of the intensity, presumably) and the duration of each set are not stated",
"polarization": "linear",
"intensity": "the focal peak intensity (implied by the volume-averaged theory, App.; not stated in words)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 1(a) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open squares, legend ‘Expt.-LP’): the Xe ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 0.8 um, linearly polarised; 37 points, 11.27 to 171.7 TW/cm2, yield 1.19e-05 to 1.52; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig1a_Xe_0p8um_CP#
{
"id": "fig1a_Xe_0p8um_CP",
"material": "Xe",
"file": "Xe/lai_2017__fig1a_Xe_0p8um_CP.csv",
"table": "fig_31008d4c7a41",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 800,
"pulse_fs": "80 to 100",
"pulse_fs_definition": "as printed: the titanium sapphire systems 'delivering 80- to 100-fs pulses' (p. 3); the measure (FWHM of the intensity, presumably) and the duration of each set are not stated",
"polarization": "circular",
"intensity": "the intensity at the same pulse energy as the LP point at this abscissa: 'the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))' (p. 3), the circular field's amplitude 1/sqrt(2) of the linear peak field; the focal peak intensity (implied, App.)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 1(a) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open circles, legend ‘Expt.-CP’): the Xe ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 0.8 um, circularly polarised; 35 points, 16.62 to 188.4 TW/cm2, yield 4.44e-06 to 0.61; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). The abscissa of a CP point is the intensity at the same pulse energy as LP (‘the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))’, p. 3). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig1b_Xe_3p3um_LP#
{
"id": "fig1b_Xe_3p3um_LP",
"material": "Xe",
"file": "Xe/lai_2017__fig1b_Xe_3p3um_LP.csv",
"table": "fig_31008d4c7a41",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 3300,
"pulse_fs": "not stated",
"pulse_fs_definition": "not stated: from an optical parametric amplifier tuning over 3-4 um, pumped by the 80 to 100 fs titanium sapphire pulses (p. 3)",
"polarization": "linear",
"intensity": "the focal peak intensity (implied by the volume-averaged theory, App.; not stated in words)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 1(b) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open squares, legend ‘Expt.-LP’): the Xe ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 3.3 um, linearly polarised; 21 points, 20.57 to 89.08 TW/cm2, yield 6.09e-07 to 0.18; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig2a_Ar_0p4um_LP#
{
"id": "fig2a_Ar_0p4um_LP",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/lai_2017__fig2a_Ar_0p4um_LP.csv",
"table": "fig_0d4d59b034d0",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 400,
"pulse_fs": "not stated",
"pulse_fs_definition": "not stated: neither the duration nor how the 0.4 um light was made (the 0.8 um pump pulses are 80 to 100 fs, p. 3)",
"polarization": "linear",
"intensity": "the focal peak intensity (implied by the volume-averaged theory, App.; not stated in words)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 2(a) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open squares, legend ‘Expt.-LP’): the Ar ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 0.4 um, linearly polarised; 25 points, 26.69 to 247.1 TW/cm2, yield 0.000104 to 1.09; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig2a_Ar_0p4um_CP#
{
"id": "fig2a_Ar_0p4um_CP",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/lai_2017__fig2a_Ar_0p4um_CP.csv",
"table": "fig_0d4d59b034d0",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 400,
"pulse_fs": "not stated",
"pulse_fs_definition": "not stated: neither the duration nor how the 0.4 um light was made (the 0.8 um pump pulses are 80 to 100 fs, p. 3)",
"polarization": "circular",
"intensity": "the intensity at the same pulse energy as the LP point at this abscissa: 'the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))' (p. 3), the circular field's amplitude 1/sqrt(2) of the linear peak field; the focal peak intensity (implied, App.)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 2(a) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open circles, legend ‘Expt.-CP’): the Ar ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 0.4 um, circularly polarised; 20 points, 35.37 to 245.6 TW/cm2, yield 7.63e-05 to 0.45; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). The abscissa of a CP point is the intensity at the same pulse energy as LP (‘the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))’, p. 3). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig2b_Ar_0p8um_LP#
{
"id": "fig2b_Ar_0p8um_LP",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/lai_2017__fig2b_Ar_0p8um_LP.csv",
"table": "fig_0d4d59b034d0",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 800,
"pulse_fs": "80 to 100",
"pulse_fs_definition": "as printed: the titanium sapphire systems 'delivering 80- to 100-fs pulses' (p. 3); the measure (FWHM of the intensity, presumably) and the duration of each set are not stated",
"polarization": "linear",
"intensity": "the focal peak intensity (implied by the volume-averaged theory, App.; not stated in words)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 2(b) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open squares, legend ‘Expt.-LP’): the Ar ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 0.8 um, linearly polarised; 45 points, 24.24 to 388.6 TW/cm2, yield 2.35e-07 to 0.858; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig2b_Ar_0p8um_CP#
{
"id": "fig2b_Ar_0p8um_CP",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/lai_2017__fig2b_Ar_0p8um_CP.csv",
"table": "fig_0d4d59b034d0",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 800,
"pulse_fs": "80 to 100",
"pulse_fs_definition": "as printed: the titanium sapphire systems 'delivering 80- to 100-fs pulses' (p. 3); the measure (FWHM of the intensity, presumably) and the duration of each set are not stated",
"polarization": "circular",
"intensity": "the intensity at the same pulse energy as the LP point at this abscissa: 'the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))' (p. 3), the circular field's amplitude 1/sqrt(2) of the linear peak field; the focal peak intensity (implied, App.)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 2(b) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open circles, legend ‘Expt.-CP’): the Ar ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 0.8 um, circularly polarised; 39 points, 40.76 to 389.4 TW/cm2, yield 1.25e-07 to 0.389; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). The abscissa of a CP point is the intensity at the same pulse energy as LP (‘the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))’, p. 3). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig2c_Ar_1p3um_LP#
{
"id": "fig2c_Ar_1p3um_LP",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/lai_2017__fig2c_Ar_1p3um_LP.csv",
"table": "fig_0d4d59b034d0",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 1300,
"pulse_fs": "not stated",
"pulse_fs_definition": "not stated: from an optical parametric amplifier tuning over 1-2 um, pumped by the 80 to 100 fs titanium sapphire pulses (p. 3)",
"polarization": "linear",
"intensity": "the focal peak intensity (implied by the volume-averaged theory, App.; not stated in words)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 2(c) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open squares, legend ‘Expt.-LP’): the Ar ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 1.3 um, linearly polarised; 16 points, 59.61 to 239.9 TW/cm2, yield 9.38e-06 to 0.219; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig2c_Ar_1p3um_CP#
{
"id": "fig2c_Ar_1p3um_CP",
"material": "Ar",
"file": "Ar/lai_2017__fig2c_Ar_1p3um_CP.csv",
"table": "fig_0d4d59b034d0",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 1300,
"pulse_fs": "not stated",
"pulse_fs_definition": "not stated: from an optical parametric amplifier tuning over 1-2 um, pumped by the 80 to 100 fs titanium sapphire pulses (p. 3)",
"polarization": "circular",
"intensity": "the intensity at the same pulse energy as the LP point at this abscissa: 'the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))' (p. 3), the circular field's amplitude 1/sqrt(2) of the linear peak field; the focal peak intensity (implied, App.)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 2(c) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open circles, legend ‘Expt.-CP’): the Ar ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 1.3 um, circularly polarised; 17 points, 59.73 to 281.9 TW/cm2, yield 5.47e-08 to 0.0649; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). The abscissa of a CP point is the intensity at the same pulse energy as LP (‘the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))’, p. 3). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig3a_Kr_0p8um_LP#
{
"id": "fig3a_Kr_0p8um_LP",
"material": "Kr",
"file": "Kr/lai_2017__fig3a_Kr_0p8um_LP.csv",
"table": "fig_4b3af4da8236",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 800,
"pulse_fs": "80 to 100",
"pulse_fs_definition": "as printed: the titanium sapphire systems 'delivering 80- to 100-fs pulses' (p. 3); the measure (FWHM of the intensity, presumably) and the duration of each set are not stated",
"polarization": "linear",
"intensity": "the focal peak intensity (implied by the volume-averaged theory, App.; not stated in words)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 3(a) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open squares, legend ‘Expt.-LP’): the Kr ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 0.8 um, linearly polarised; 39 points, 16.2 to 201.6 TW/cm2, yield 8.18e-07 to 0.681; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig3a_Kr_0p8um_CP#
{
"id": "fig3a_Kr_0p8um_CP",
"material": "Kr",
"file": "Kr/lai_2017__fig3a_Kr_0p8um_CP.csv",
"table": "fig_4b3af4da8236",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 800,
"pulse_fs": "80 to 100",
"pulse_fs_definition": "as printed: the titanium sapphire systems 'delivering 80- to 100-fs pulses' (p. 3); the measure (FWHM of the intensity, presumably) and the duration of each set are not stated",
"polarization": "circular",
"intensity": "the intensity at the same pulse energy as the LP point at this abscissa: 'the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))' (p. 3), the circular field's amplitude 1/sqrt(2) of the linear peak field; the focal peak intensity (implied, App.)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 3(a) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open circles, legend ‘Expt.-CP’): the Kr ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 0.8 um, circularly polarised; 26 points, 35.41 to 212.7 TW/cm2, yield 1.41e-06 to 0.235; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). The abscissa of a CP point is the intensity at the same pulse energy as LP (‘the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))’, p. 3). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig3b_Kr_3p3um#
{
"id": "fig3b_Kr_3p3um",
"material": "Kr",
"file": "Kr/lai_2017__fig3b_Kr_3p3um.csv",
"table": "fig_4b3af4da8236",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 3300,
"pulse_fs": "not stated",
"pulse_fs_definition": "not stated: from an optical parametric amplifier tuning over 3-4 um, pumped by the 80 to 100 fs titanium sapphire pulses (p. 3)",
"polarization": "not stated",
"intensity": "the focal peak intensity (implied by the volume-averaged theory, App.; not stated in words)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"vertical_offset": "arbitrary (Fig. 3(b)'s caption)",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 3(b) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open squares, legend ‘Expt.(3.3)’): the Kr ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 3.3 um, polarisation not stated; 23 points, 25.76 to 138.6 TW/cm2, yield 2.86e-08 to 0.0892; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3); this set’s height relative to the other two of Fig. 3(b) is arbitrary (‘displaced from each other arbitrarily along the vertical axis’, the caption). Polarisation: not stated (legend ‘Expt.(3.3)’, curve ‘PPT(3.3)’). Every marker is drawn twice in the PDF; kept once. Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig3b_Kr_3p6um#
{
"id": "fig3b_Kr_3p6um",
"material": "Kr",
"file": "Kr/lai_2017__fig3b_Kr_3p6um.csv",
"table": "fig_4b3af4da8236",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 3600,
"pulse_fs": "not stated",
"pulse_fs_definition": "not stated: from an optical parametric amplifier tuning over 3-4 um, pumped by the 80 to 100 fs titanium sapphire pulses (p. 3)",
"polarization": "not stated",
"intensity": "the focal peak intensity (implied by the volume-averaged theory, App.; not stated in words)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"vertical_offset": "arbitrary (Fig. 3(b)'s caption)",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 3(b) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open circles, legend ‘Expt.(3.6)’): the Kr ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 3.6 um, polarisation not stated; 18 points, 30.13 to 131.3 TW/cm2, yield 8.91e-09 to 0.00394; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3); this set’s height relative to the other two of Fig. 3(b) is arbitrary (‘displaced from each other arbitrarily along the vertical axis’, the caption). Polarisation: not stated (legend ‘Expt.(3.6)’, curve ‘PPT(3.6)’). Every marker is drawn twice in the PDF; kept once. Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig3b_Kr_3p9um#
{
"id": "fig3b_Kr_3p9um",
"material": "Kr",
"file": "Kr/lai_2017__fig3b_Kr_3p9um.csv",
"table": "fig_4b3af4da8236",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 3900,
"pulse_fs": "not stated",
"pulse_fs_definition": "not stated: from an optical parametric amplifier tuning over 3-4 um, pumped by the 80 to 100 fs titanium sapphire pulses (p. 3)",
"polarization": "not stated",
"intensity": "the focal peak intensity (implied by the volume-averaged theory, App.; not stated in words)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"vertical_offset": "arbitrary (Fig. 3(b)'s caption)",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 3(b) (pdf p. 2), measured points (open triangles, legend ‘Expt.(3.9)’): the Kr ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 3.9 um, polarisation not stated; 16 points, 29.18 to 100.2 TW/cm2, yield 3.26e-10 to 4.74e-05; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3); this set’s height relative to the other two of Fig. 3(b) is arbitrary (‘displaced from each other arbitrarily along the vertical axis’, the caption). Polarisation: not stated (legend ‘Expt.(3.9)’, curve ‘PPT(3.9)’). Every marker is drawn twice in the PDF; kept once. Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig4_Ne_0p8um_LP#
{
"id": "fig4_Ne_0p8um_LP",
"material": "Ne",
"file": "Ne/lai_2017__fig4_Ne_0p8um_LP.csv",
"table": "fig_73722d72eb42",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 800,
"pulse_fs": "80 to 100",
"pulse_fs_definition": "as printed: the titanium sapphire systems 'delivering 80- to 100-fs pulses' (p. 3); the measure (FWHM of the intensity, presumably) and the duration of each set are not stated",
"polarization": "linear",
"intensity": "the focal peak intensity (implied by the volume-averaged theory, App.; not stated in words)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 4 (pdf p. 2), measured points (open squares, legend ‘Expt.-LP’): the Ne ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 0.8 um, linearly polarised; 30 points, 113.8 to 1030 TW/cm2, yield 1.19e-06 to 0.778; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
lai_2017/fig4_Ne_0p8um_CP#
{
"id": "fig4_Ne_0p8um_CP",
"material": "Ne",
"file": "Ne/lai_2017__fig4_Ne_0p8um_CP.csv",
"table": "fig_73722d72eb42",
"digitised": "vector",
"quantity": "ionization_yield",
"unit": "arb. units",
"abscissa": "intensity",
"abscissa_unit": "W/cm2",
"use": "check",
"uncertainty": {
"relative": 0.01,
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"wavelength_nm": 800,
"pulse_fs": "80 to 100",
"pulse_fs_definition": "as printed: the titanium sapphire systems 'delivering 80- to 100-fs pulses' (p. 3); the measure (FWHM of the intensity, presumably) and the duration of each set are not stated",
"polarization": "circular",
"intensity": "the intensity at the same pulse energy as the LP point at this abscissa: 'the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))' (p. 3), the circular field's amplitude 1/sqrt(2) of the linear peak field; the focal peak intensity (implied, App.)",
"intensity_calibration": "about 20 % (Table I's caption), level not stated: the 10 U_p cutoff of the photoelectron spectrum of noble gases (p. 3)",
"intensity_scaling": "in some cases scaled by up to 20 % from the calibration to fit the PPT yield curves (p. 3); which sets, not stated",
"yield_normalization": "free, to the authors' PPT curve (p. 3); arbitrary units",
"ion": "not stated ('ion yield'; compared with single-ionisation theory)",
"detection": "Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight, normalised to the laser shots and the gas density (p. 3)"
}
}
Fig. 4 (pdf p. 2), measured points (open circles, legend ‘Expt.-CP’): the Ne ion yield, arbitrary units, against the intensity, 0.8 um, circularly polarised; 28 points, 178.9 to 1149 TW/cm2, yield 7.66e-07 to 0.378; read from the vector drawing (the record’s notes). The yield’s scale is free: normalised to the authors’ PPT curve (‘freely normalized to the theory’, p. 3), presumably one normalisation for the panel’s LP and CP sets (not stated). The abscissa of a CP point is the intensity at the same pulse energy as LP (‘the QWP is rotated without adjusting the laser energy (that is, the CP field is the LP field/sqrt(2))’, p. 3). Intensity calibrated by the 10 U_p photoelectron cutoff, ‘about 20%’ (Table I), and in some sets rescaled by up to 20 % to fit PPT (p. 3; which sets not stated). 1 %: the digitising (the record’s notes).
Formulas#
No formulas are recorded.
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.