henke_1993

B. L. Henke, E. M. Gullikson and J. C. Davis, “X-ray interactions: photoabsorption, scattering, transmission, and reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92”, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 54, 181 (1993)

Source record · Catalogue · Review register

No DOI is recorded.

Source kind: database

Recorded technique: Semiempirical atomic scattering factors: a best-fit synthesis of measured photoabsorption cross sections (10-10 000 eV, interpolated with Doolen and Liberman’s relativistic time-dependent LDA calculations at 10-1000 eV; Biggs and Lighthill above 10 keV), converted to f2(0) = (pi/2) C E mu_a(E) (Eq. 77) and to f1(0) = Z* + C int eps^2 mu_a(eps) d eps/(E^2 - eps^2) (Eq. 76, a modified Kramers-Kronig relation, C = (pi r0 h c)^-1 = 0.9111 (eV A^2)^-1, Z* = Z - (Z/82.5)^2.37, Eq. 78), pp. 201-202.

Materials in structured entries: None recorded.

Dataset quantities: None recorded.

Contents: 0 datasets; 0 formulas.

Curation notes

Identity: unverified by the library (its observed title is the scan’s file name); the scanned pdf’s title page and running footer read ‘X-RAY INTERACTIONS: PHOTOABSORPTION, SCATTERING, TRANSMISSION, AND REFLECTION AT E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92’, B. L. Henke, E. M. Gullikson and J. C. Davis, ‘Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Vol. 54, No. 2, July 1993’, pp. 181-342 (pdf page N is journal page 180 + N; the pdf has no text layer, the library text is OCR). No DOI in the library.

This record holds no datasets: the package keeps CXRO’s .nff files of these tables (src/optmat/data/external/henke/, PROVENANCE.md) and the paper’s 464 tables are not extracted. What the tables contain (Table I, pp. 213-304, one page per element Z = 1-92): at the energies of ~50 characteristic x-ray lines from H Lyman-alpha 10.2 eV and He I 21.2 eV to 29 779 eV (‘Line’, E (eV), lambda (A)), the photoabsorption cross section mu (cm^2/g), f1 and f2 (dimensionless, forward scattering), with plots and the edge energies; f1 is printed only from about 72 eV (the dispersion integral is evaluated for 50-30 000 eV); conversion factors mu_a (b/atom) = mu x (A/N_A x 1e24) and E(keV) mu = f2 x const are printed per element. Table II: incoherent scattering cross sections, Z = 2-18, 1-30 keV (p. 305); Tables III-IV: mirror and crystal reflectivities (pp. 306-336). ‘Computer files with finely spaced tables of ... mu and of the atomic scattering factors f1(0) and f2(0) for Z = 1-92 and E = 50-30,000 eV are available from the authors’ (p. 204): the origin of the CXRO files.

The optical relation (Eq. 3, p. 184, checked on the page image): ‘n_r = 1 - delta - i beta = 1 - (r0/2 pi) lambda^2 sum_q n_q f_q(0)’, n_q the number of atoms of type q per unit volume, with ‘f = f1 + i f2’ (Fig. 1 and Eq. 2, pp. 183-184) and r0 = e^2/(m c^2) the classical electron radius; so n = 1 - r_e lambda^2 N (f1 + i f2)/(2 pi): delta = r_e lambda^2 N f1/(2 pi) and beta = r_e lambda^2 N f2/(2 pi), both positive for an absorbing medium, n = 1 - delta - i beta. The package’s PROVENANCE.md writes n = 1 - r_e lambda^2 N (f1 - i f2)/(2 pi), the opposite sign of the imaginary part (the n = 1 - delta + i beta convention of an exp(-i omega t) time dependence, as on CXRO’s web pages): the magnitudes agree, the sign convention does not follow the paper.

Validity (quoted): atoms scatter independently, ‘a good assumption for photon energies above about 50 eV and which are sufficiently outside the absorption threshold regions’ (p. 183); ‘f1 cannot be defined by Eq. (76) as an “atomic” scattering factor for photon energies near the absorption edges’ (neglect of damping, condensed-matter threshold structure; p. 201); ‘photoabsorption within condensed matter is indeed atomic-like above about 50 eV except in the energy regions near absorption thresholds’ (p. 202). The tabulated range is 50-30 000 eV (f2 also below 50 eV, from 10 eV).

Comparison with the package’s .nff files (2026-09-24; paper values from the library tables tbl_ba3aa8cd984a He p. 214, tbl_6d4aad08e4c2 Ne p. 222, tbl_a9ecc4b5c66d Ar p. 230, tbl_ad86e348703a Kr p. 248, tbl_dfb608127b3a Xe p. 266, identified by Z, their conversion factors and edges; .nff values interpolated, f1 linearly, f2 log-log), paper f1/f2 vs .nff f1/f2 at the table’s line energies: He 91.5 eV 2.20/0.694 vs 2.203/0.694; 108.5 eV 2.23/0.536 vs 2.228/0.536; 524.9 eV 2.04/0.0227 vs 2.039/0.0227; 1011.7 eV 2.01/0.00546 vs 2.013/0.00546. Ne 91.5 eV 5.63/6.04 vs 5.633/6.036; 108.5 eV 6.91/5.53 vs 6.916/5.528; 524.9 eV 8.38/0.650 vs 8.384/0.650; 1011.7 eV (above the K edge) 8.60/3.62 vs 8.600/3.618. Ar 91.5 eV 6.12/1.82 vs 6.052/1.816; 108.5 eV 6.19/1.90 vs 6.128/1.900; 524.9 eV 16.11/8.03 vs 16.145/8.039; 1011.7 eV 17.67/3.12 vs 17.672/3.118. Kr 91.5 eV 1.52/5.41 vs -0.92/5.67 (at the 3d edge); 108.5 eV 4.76/2.42 vs 4.955/2.417; 524.9 eV 26.27/12.84 vs 26.300/12.84; 1011.7 eV 28.50/5.71 vs 28.543/5.714. Xe 91.5 eV -2.61/32.92 vs -2.59/32.95; 108.5 eV 22.31/37.99 vs 22.34/38.06; 524.9 eV 17.94/7.21 vs 17.948/7.205; 1011.7 eV 35.16/29.25 vs 35.162/29.25. At 49.3 eV (f2 only in the paper): He 1.51 vs 1.507, Ne 5.25 vs 5.247, Ar 0.63 vs 0.631, Kr 1.21 vs 1.213, Xe 0.98 vs 0.975. So the .nff files reproduce the 1993 tables to the printed digits for He and Ne at every energy, and for all five gases above 500 eV (0.2 %) and in f2 everywhere except Kr at its 3d edge; f1 differs by 1.1 % for Ar at 90-110 eV and by 4 % for Kr at 108.5 eV, and near the Kr 3d edge (91.5 eV) the files and the paper disagree outright - the region the paper itself calls unreliable, and where the CXRO files have been revised since 1993 (PROVENANCE.md: ‘as updated by CXRO’).

COMPOUNDS (2026-09-26). The optical constants of a compound follow from its atoms’ forward scattering factors weighted by their number densities, Eq. (3), p. 184, and Eqs. (17)-(18), p. 187: ‘delta ~ (r0 lambda^2/(2 pi d)) M F_1(0) = (r0 lambda^2/(2 pi)) sum_q n_q f_1q(0)’, ‘beta ~ (r0 lambda^2/(2 pi d)) M F_2(0) = (r0 lambda^2/(2 pi)) sum_q n_q f_2q(0)’, n_q the atoms of type q per unit volume (for SiO2 of density rho: n_Si = rho N_A/M_SiO2, n_O = 2 n_Si), and the linear absorption coefficient Eq. (44): mu_l = 4 pi beta/lambda = 2 r0 lambda sum_q n_q f_2q(0) = sum_q n_q mu_aq (p. 192). So n = 1 - delta and k = beta. The atoms are assumed to scatter independently: no chemical, molecular or solid-state effects (valid above ~50 eV away from edges, p. 183).

MIRROR REFLECTIVITIES OF SiO2 AND Al2O3 (Table III, ‘Specular Reflectivity for Mirrors’, p. 309 ‘Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), rho = 3.96 gm/cm3’, library table tbl_8ba35ae7a438; p. 310 ‘Quartz (SiO2), rho = 2.20 gm/cm3’, tbl_54a15c06ece9; both JSON only). Each gives P(%) = 100 I(theta)/I_0 for unpolarized radiation (Eqs. (54)-(57), p. 193: I_sigma/I_0 = [rho^2 (sin theta - rho)^2 + beta^2]/[rho^2 (sin theta + rho)^2 + beta^2], I_pi/I_sigma = [rho^2 (rho - cos theta cot theta)^2 + beta^2]/[rho^2 (rho + cos theta cot theta)^2 + beta^2], rho^2 = (1/2)[sin^2 theta - 2 delta + sqrt((sin^2 theta - 2 delta)^2 + 4 beta^2)], I = I_sigma (1 + I_pi/I_sigma)/2), for ideally smooth semi-infinite mirrors, at 10 grazing angles (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 80, 125, 200, 400 mrad) and 35 line energies (72.4 eV Al L2,3 to 29 779.0 eV Xe K-alpha): 350 values per material (explanation of tables, p. 212). The extracted cells agree with both table images (checked 2026-09-26). The SiO2 table is labelled ‘Quartz’ but its density, 2.20 g/cm3, is that of silica glass (crystal quartz is 2.65), so it describes SiO2 (fused), not SiO2_quartz; Al2O3’s 3.96 g/cm3 is sapphire’s density, treated as isotropic. CHECK (scratch computation, 2026-09-26): Eq. (3) with the atoms’ f1, f2 from Table I (Si p. 226, tbl_e09b8ca8e558; O p. 220, tbl_c7ba4535a7ab; Al p. 225) at C, Al, Ti, Cu and Mo K-alpha, and Eqs. (54)-(57), reproduce all 50 printed values per material at those five energies to 0.3 % (to 1.1 % at C K-alpha, 125-400 mrad, where f1 and f2 are printed to 3-4 digits); e.g. SiO2 at 8047.8 eV, 5 mrad: 4.32 % computed and printed. NOT EXTRACTED: the vocabulary has no quantity for a reflectance (with the grazing angle and polarization as parameters), so these 700 values are recorded only here (TC-385). The other eight mirrors (Be, C, Al, Ni, Cu, Mo, Pt, Au) are not in the list requested.

Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.

Datasets

No datasets are recorded.

Formulas

No formulas are recorded.

Corrections

No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.

Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.