gornik_1980#
W. Gornik, S. Kindt, E. Matthias, H. Rinneberg and D. Schmidt, “Off-resonant E2 transition observed in two-photon absorption in Xe I”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 1941-1944 (1980)
Source record · Catalogue · Review register
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.1941
Source kind: measurement
Recorded technique: Two-photon excitation of xenon (30 Torr) by a frequency-doubled, nitrogen-laser pumped dye laser-amplifier (200 W, linearly polarised, 240-250 nm, bandwidth ‘Delta nu_L ~ 15 GHz’, 4 ns), focused to ‘I_0 ~ 5 MW/cm^2’; the VUV fluorescence (110-190 nm, solar-blind photomultiplier, single-photon counting) as the measure of the absorption rate; linear pressure dependence (Fig. 3) and a power-law slope 2.0 +- 0.1. Rates estimated by second-order perturbation theory with E1-E2 and E2-E1 paths (Eqs. 1-5), a Gaussian laser spectrum of FWHM Delta omega_L >> Doppler width.
Materials in structured entries: Xe
Dataset quantities: oscillator_strength
Contents: 2 datasets; 0 formulas.
Curation notes#
Phys. Rev. Lett. 45(24), 1941-1944 (15 December 1980) = PDF pages 1-4 (PDF page 4 continues into the next article; journal page = PDF page + 1940). Identity checked on the first page (PRL, volume 45, number 24, title, authors, Freie Universität Berlin; received 3 September 1980) on 2026-10-09. The numbers below were read on the rendered pages 1942-1943.
THE TWO-PHOTON RESULTS (NOT TAKEN; no quantity). Dipole-forbidden (Delta J = 3) two-photon excitation of 5p5 5d[5/2]3 and 5d[7/2]3 (jl notation; NIST 5p5(2P*3/2)5d 2[5/2]* J = 3 at 82430.204 cm^-1 and 2[7/2]* J = 3 at 80970.438, whose two-photon vacuum wavelengths 242.63 and 247.01 nm are the paper’s 242.6 and 247.0 nm): experimental rates ‘of 0.03 and 0.02 sec^-1, respectively’, ‘in error by at most a factor of 3’, at I_0 ~ 5 MW/cm^2 and 15 GHz (p. 1942); the single-path estimates W(E1-E2) = 0.03 and W(E2-E1) = 0.02 s^-1 for 5d[5/2]3, 0.14 and 0.05 s^-1 for 5d[7/2]3 (p. 1943); signals ‘weaker by about four orders of magnitude’ than the dipole-allowed 6p J = 0 and 2 lines. A rate at one intensity and one bandwidth is not a quantity of the vocabulary (as gornik_1981, TC-922). The reduced quadrupole matrix elements, |<6s[3/2]1||r^2 C(2)||5d[5/2]3>| = 43 a0^2 / sqrt(5) (Coulomb approximation) and |<6p[3/2]2||r^2 C(2)||5p6 1S0>| = (3 +- 1) a0^2 (from a two-photon rate), the one-electron |<5p||r^2||6p>| ~ 8 a0^2 and the quoted <5p||r^2||5p> = 6.45 a0^2 (Ref. 18): no quantity holds a quadrupole matrix element.
TAKEN (oscillator_strength, inline, use = check, assumed = true: model inputs the paper quotes, p. 1943): ‘The dipole oscillator strength (f_abs = 0.28) is taken from the measured lifetime of the 5p5 6s[K = 3/2]J=1 state’ (Ref. 16 = matthias_1977, TC-1002), and ‘The calculated oscillator strength is f_abs = 0.232’ for 5p5 6p[3/2]2 -> 5p5 5d[5/2]3 (Ref. 17: M. Aymar and M. Coulombe, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 21, 537 (1978), not in the library).
FINDINGS. (1) The resonance f = 0.28 is the Ladenburg conversion of matthias_1977’s lifetime, 3.46 ns -> 0.281 (matthias_1977’s own printed f is 0.263; TC-1002 traced the same 0.28 in gornik_1981); NIST’s 146.96 nm line (A+, T7227) gives f = 0.265, 5 % lower. (2) NIST’s 6p[3/2]2 -> 5d[5/2]3 line, 3107.77 nm (Xe_I_lines_nir.tsv, TC-983), has f = 0.15 (A = 7.3 x 10^5 s^-1, accuracy C, T796n, T7944): Aymar and Coulombe’s 0.232 is 1.55 times NIST’s. (3) gornik_1981 (TC-922, the paper’s Ref. 13, ‘to be published’): the E1-E1 rate ‘of 3.5 x 10^3 sec^-1’ to 6p[3/2]2 ‘by using a laser power density I_0 = 1.8 MW/cm^2 and a bandwidth Delta nu_L ~ 2.8 GHz’ quoted here equals gornik_1981’s p. 70 measurement and conditions. (4) Eq. (2)’s factor (2 pi ln 2)^(1/2) / Delta omega_L is pi times the peak of a Gaussian two-photon profile of FWHM sqrt(2) Delta omega_L, normalised in angular frequency, (2 ln 2 / pi)^(1/2) / Delta omega_L: the line shape gornik_1981 states (Delta omega^2 = 2 Delta omega_L^2 + Delta omega_D^2) with the Doppler term dropped, as the text says (Delta omega_L >> Delta omega_D). (5) For OEP 8 (Q1): 5d[7/2]3 (247.0 nm) lies 455 cm^-1 above the two-photon energy at 248.4 nm, as 6p[1/2]0 lies 396 cm^-1 below it; dipole-forbidden and four orders weaker than the 6p lines, it does not bear on the 6p[1/2]0 strength. No 6p[1/2]0 number is given.
NOT TAKEN (no quantity): the detunings (27000 and 38000 cm^-1, Fig. 1), Figs. 2-3 (excitation spectra and pressure dependence, arbitrary units).
TWO-PHOTON DATA CITED, NOT IN THE LIBRARY: R. Guccione and J. Van Kranendonk, Phys. Rev. Lett. 14, 583 (1965) and P. Lambropoulos, G. Doolen and S. P. Rountree, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 636 (1975) (multipole contributions to multiphoton transitions); M. Lambropoulos, S. E. Moody, S. J. Smith and W. C. Lineberger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 159 (1975) (three-photon E1-E2-E1 ionisation of Na); K. Aron and P. M. Johnson, J. Chem. Phys. 67, 5099 (1977) (multiphoton ionisation of Xe); G. Grynberg and B. Cagnac, Rep. Prog. Phys. 40, 791 (1977) (review).
Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.
Datasets#
gornik_1980/f_6s32_1#
{
"id": "f_6s32_1",
"material": "Xe",
"table": "text",
"quantity": "oscillator_strength",
"unit": "1",
"abscissa": "label",
"use": "check",
"reproduced_from": [
"matthias_1977"
],
"uncertainty": {
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"assumed": true,
"method": "converted from a measured radiative lifetime (Ref. 16)"
}
}
1 inline points in the source record.
p. 1943: the absorption oscillator strength of the 146.96 nm resonance line, ‘f_abs = 0.28’, ‘taken from the measured lifetime’ (Ref. 16, matthias_1977: 3.46 ns gives 0.281 by the Ladenburg relation; its printed f is 0.263); a model input of Eq. (4). NIST: 0.265. Upper level NIST 5p5(2P*3/2)6s 2[3/2]* J = 1, 68045.156 cm^-1.
gornik_1980/f_6p32_2_5d52_3#
{
"id": "f_6p32_2_5d52_3",
"material": "Xe",
"table": "text",
"quantity": "oscillator_strength",
"unit": "1",
"abscissa": "label",
"use": "check",
"reproduced_from": [
"M. Aymar and M. Coulombe, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 21, 537 (1978) [Ref. 17]"
],
"uncertainty": {
"level": "not stated"
},
"parameters": {
"assumed": true,
"method": "calculated (Aymar and Coulombe, Ref. 17)"
}
}
1 inline points in the source record.
p. 1943: ‘The calculated oscillator strength is f_abs = 0.232’ (Ref. 17) for 5p5 6p[3/2]2 -> 5p5 5d[5/2]3, the dipole step of the E2-E1 path (Eq. 5); a model input. NIST levels 5p5(2P*3/2)6p 2[3/2] J = 2 (79212.465 cm^-1) and 5p5(2P*3/2)5d 2[5/2]* J = 3 (82430.204), the 3107.77 nm line, NIST f = 0.15 (accuracy C): 1.55 times lower.
Formulas#
No formulas are recorded.
Corrections#
No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.
Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.