birch_1991#

K. P. Birch, “Precise determination of refractometric parameters for atmospheric gases”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 8, 647 (1991)

Source record · Catalogue · Review register

DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.8.000647

Source kind: measurement

Recorded technique: NPL automatic fringe-counting air refractometer at 633 nm (He-Ne laser; 632.99 nm in the Table 2 caption) with a dual-compartment Pyrex cell in a stirred water bath (four calibrated platinum resistance thermometers), quadrature signals analysed by Heydemann’s method; each gas flowed through the cell and was measured repeatedly near atmospheric pressure (99.8-103.7 kPa) at about 14.66 and 19.5 degrees C; pressure from a Ruska DDR6000 barometer; the refractometer checked against Edlen’s equation with dry air before each gas (pp. 647-648).

Materials in structured entries: Ar, CO2, He, Kr, N2, N2O, Ne, O2

Dataset quantities: polarizability, refractivity

Contents: 41 datasets; 0 formulas.

Curation notes#

Reduction (p. 648): the density d = p m/(Z R T) (Eq. 2.1) with the compressibility factor Z from Dymond and Smith’s compilation of virial coefficients (real gas; the virial contribution to the uncertainty ‘of the order of 4 parts per 1e5’), molar masses from the BIPM; the molar refraction [R] = R’ M from the Lorentz-Lorenz formula (Eqs. 2.2-2.3), printed in 1e-30 m^3, i.e. per molecule (M the molecular mass): [R] = N_A alpha/(3 eps0) / N_A; alpha-bar = 3 [R]/(4 pi) (Eq. 2.4) is a polarizability volume in 1e-30 m^3 = A^3. ‘The uncertainty at the 99 % level in the values given for density, molar refraction, and molecular polarizability was calculated to be <= +-2.0 parts per 1e4 for all the gases except for nitrous oxide, for which it was found to be +-2.5 parts per 1e4’ (p. 648). Table 2’s n - 1 at 101 325 Pa and 15 degrees C follow from Eq. (2.5) with the same densities, ‘shown with the estimated uncertainty at the 99 % level’ (p. 649). Wavelength: 632.99 nm, a vacuum wavelength (the He-Ne line); refractivities are not reduced with Edlen’s air formula.

Checks (2026-09-24): every run’s [R] follows from its printed n - 1 and density to 1e-4 or better except helium, whose printed densities 0.17071 and 0.17070 kg/m^3 give [R] 0.8671 and 0.8675 instead of the printed 0.8666 and 0.8670; the printed [R] follow from densities 0.17081 and 0.17080, which is also what the ideal gas with B = 11.9 cm^3/mol gives at the run’s p and T. So the helium density column is probably misprinted (1e-4 kg/m^3) and [R] right; the density is not extracted (printed cells only). The means and alpha-bar follow from the runs; Table 2’s own values follow from the means with virial densities to within the rough second virial coefficients used for the check (1-3e-4). The first CO2 run’s pressure is printed ‘10 1188.6’ (image), i.e. 101 188.6 Pa.

Helium: Birch’s [R] = 0.8668e-30 m^3 (A_R = 0.52200 cm^3/mol) is 3.4e-3 above the ab initio value (puchalski_2016: 0.52026369 cm^3/mol at 632.99 nm), ‘1.1e-7 in n at 1 atm’ (stone_2004, which calls it ‘seriously inconsistent’); puchalski_2016 reproduces it as 0.5220(3) with an uncertainty it assumes. Neon: ‘the range of the derived values for the molar refraction of neon was larger than that expected ... may have been attributable to a low-level contamination’ (p. 649). The paper gives no refractivity virial coefficients (none are measured). N2O: [R] 12.4506 vs the additive estimate 10.7 (p. 649, discussion only). The CO2 correction to air refractivity, 1.45 (measured) and 1.48 (Edlen) x 1e-10 per ppm of excess CO2 (p. 649). Air (Table 3: specific refraction 1.5040e-4 m^3/kg, molar refraction 7.2338e-30 m^3; the composition table) is not a curated species; the Lorentz-Lorenz formula and additivity are found valid for air at 20-115 kPa, 10-30 degrees C.

Recorded bibliographic identity status: VALIDATED_WITH_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.

Datasets#

birch_1991/alpha_N2#

{
  "id": "alpha_N2",
  "material": "N2",
  "file": "N2/birch_1991__alpha_N2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "relative": 0.0002,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

Table 1, alpha-bar = 3 [R]/(4 pi) (1e-30 m^3, a polarizability volume) from the mean molar refraction (printed in the same row) of the runs; 99.998 % purity. Uncertainty ‘<= +-2.0 parts per 1e4’ at the 99 % level (p. 648) (level: 99 % confidence).

birch_1991/runs_N2#

{
  "id": "runs_N2",
  "material": "N2",
  "file": "N2/birch_1991__runs_N2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "scale": 0.238732414637843,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "check"
}

Table 1, the molar refraction [R] of each run (1e-30 m^3 per molecule; scale 3/(4 pi) gives the polarizability volume), rows numbered in print order; each run’s temperature (degrees C), pressure (Pa), measured (n - 1) x 1e8 and real-gas density (kg/m^3) are in the printed cells. Their mean is alpha_N2 (primary); a check.

birch_1991/kerl_1982_N2#

{
  "id": "kerl_1982_N2",
  "material": "N2",
  "file": "N2/birch_1991__kerl_1982_N2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "K. Kerl, Z. Phys. Chem. Neue Folge 129, 129 (1982)"
  ],
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  }
}

Table 2, reference [21] Kerl (1982), scanning-wavelength interferometry; ‘always systematically higher’ (p. 649), as given by Birch at 632.99 nm, 101 325 Pa, 15 degrees C (how it was brought to these conditions is not stated); +- level not stated.

birch_1991/peck_1966_N2#

{
  "id": "peck_1966_N2",
  "material": "N2",
  "file": "N2/birch_1991__peck_1966_N2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "peck_1966"
  ],
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  }
}

Table 2, reference [16] Peck and Khanna (1966), as given by Birch at 632.99 nm, 101 325 Pa, 15 degrees C (how it was brought to these conditions is not stated); +- level not stated.

birch_1991/refractivity_N2#

{
  "id": "refractivity_N2",
  "material": "N2",
  "file": "N2/birch_1991__refractivity_N2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "real",
  "use": "check",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

Table 2, first row: Birch’s 10^6 (n - 1) at 632.99 nm, 101 325 Pa, 15 degrees C, computed from the mean molar refraction and the real-gas density (Eq. 2.5; reproduced to rounding with virial densities, checked 2026-09-24), uncertainty at the 99 % level (level: 99 % confidence). The same information as alpha_N2: a check.

birch_1991/alpha_O2#

{
  "id": "alpha_O2",
  "material": "O2",
  "file": "O2/birch_1991__alpha_O2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "relative": 0.0002,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

Table 1, alpha-bar = 3 [R]/(4 pi) (1e-30 m^3, a polarizability volume) from the mean molar refraction (printed in the same row) of the runs; 99.97 % purity. Uncertainty ‘<= +-2.0 parts per 1e4’ at the 99 % level (p. 648) (level: 99 % confidence).

birch_1991/runs_O2#

{
  "id": "runs_O2",
  "material": "O2",
  "file": "O2/birch_1991__runs_O2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "scale": 0.238732414637843,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "check"
}

birch_1991/kerl_1982_O2#

{
  "id": "kerl_1982_O2",
  "material": "O2",
  "file": "O2/birch_1991__kerl_1982_O2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "K. Kerl, Z. Phys. Chem. Neue Folge 129, 129 (1982)"
  ],
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  }
}

birch_1991/refractivity_O2#

{
  "id": "refractivity_O2",
  "material": "O2",
  "file": "O2/birch_1991__refractivity_O2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "real",
  "use": "check",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

birch_1991/alpha_Ar#

{
  "id": "alpha_Ar",
  "material": "Ar",
  "file": "Ar/birch_1991__alpha_Ar.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "relative": 0.0002,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

birch_1991/runs_Ar#

{
  "id": "runs_Ar",
  "material": "Ar",
  "file": "Ar/birch_1991__runs_Ar.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "scale": 0.238732414637843,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "check"
}

birch_1991/cuthbertson_1910_Ar#

{
  "id": "cuthbertson_1910_Ar",
  "material": "Ar",
  "file": "Ar/birch_1991__cuthbertson_1910_Ar.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "cuthbertson_1910"
  ]
}

Table 2, reference [14] Cuthbertson and Cuthbertson, Proc. R. Soc. London A 84, 13 (printed 1911), as given by Birch at 632.99 nm, 101 325 Pa, 15 degrees C (how it was brought to these conditions is not stated).

birch_1991/kerl_1982_Ar#

{
  "id": "kerl_1982_Ar",
  "material": "Ar",
  "file": "Ar/birch_1991__kerl_1982_Ar.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "K. Kerl, Z. Phys. Chem. Neue Folge 129, 129 (1982)"
  ],
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  }
}

birch_1991/peck_1964_Ar#

{
  "id": "peck_1964_Ar",
  "material": "Ar",
  "file": "Ar/birch_1991__peck_1964_Ar.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "peck_1964"
  ],
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  }
}

Table 2, reference [17] Peck and Fisher (1964), as given by Birch at 632.99 nm, 101 325 Pa, 15 degrees C (how it was brought to these conditions is not stated); +- level not stated.

birch_1991/refractivity_Ar#

{
  "id": "refractivity_Ar",
  "material": "Ar",
  "file": "Ar/birch_1991__refractivity_Ar.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "real",
  "use": "check",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

birch_1991/alpha_CO2#

{
  "id": "alpha_CO2",
  "material": "CO2",
  "file": "CO2/birch_1991__alpha_CO2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "relative": 0.0002,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

Table 1, alpha-bar = 3 [R]/(4 pi) (1e-30 m^3, a polarizability volume) from the mean molar refraction (printed in the same row) of the runs; 99.995 % purity. Uncertainty ‘<= +-2.0 parts per 1e4’ at the 99 % level (p. 648) (level: 99 % confidence).

birch_1991/runs_CO2#

{
  "id": "runs_CO2",
  "material": "CO2",
  "file": "CO2/birch_1991__runs_CO2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "scale": 0.238732414637843,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "check"
}

birch_1991/edlen_1966_CO2#

{
  "id": "edlen_1966_CO2",
  "material": "CO2",
  "file": "CO2/birch_1991__edlen_1966_CO2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "edlen_1966"
  ]
}

Table 2, reference [9] Edlen (1966): the CO2 refractivity ‘predicted by Edlen’ (p. 649), derived by Birch from Edlen’s air formula, not a value Edlen prints, as given by Birch at 632.99 nm, 101 325 Pa, 15 degrees C (how it was brought to these conditions is not stated).

birch_1991/refractivity_CO2#

{
  "id": "refractivity_CO2",
  "material": "CO2",
  "file": "CO2/birch_1991__refractivity_CO2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "real",
  "use": "check",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

birch_1991/simmons_1978_CO2#

{
  "id": "simmons_1978_CO2",
  "material": "CO2",
  "file": "CO2/birch_1991__simmons_1978_CO2.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "A. C. Simmons, Opt. Commun. 25, 211 (1978)"
  ],
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  }
}

Table 2, reference [20] Simmons (1978), as given by Birch at 632.99 nm, 101 325 Pa, 15 degrees C (how it was brought to these conditions is not stated); +- level not stated.

birch_1991/alpha_Ne#

{
  "id": "alpha_Ne",
  "material": "Ne",
  "file": "Ne/birch_1991__alpha_Ne.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "relative": 0.0002,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

birch_1991/runs_Ne#

{
  "id": "runs_Ne",
  "material": "Ne",
  "file": "Ne/birch_1991__runs_Ne.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "scale": 0.238732414637843,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "check"
}

birch_1991/cuthbertson_1910_Ne#

{
  "id": "cuthbertson_1910_Ne",
  "material": "Ne",
  "file": "Ne/birch_1991__cuthbertson_1910_Ne.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "cuthbertson_1910"
  ]
}

birch_1991/cuthbertson_1932_Ne#

{
  "id": "cuthbertson_1932_Ne",
  "material": "Ne",
  "file": "Ne/birch_1991__cuthbertson_1932_Ne.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "cuthbertson_1932"
  ]
}

Table 2, reference [15] Cuthbertson and Cuthbertson, Proc. R. Soc. London A 135, 40 (1932), as given by Birch at 632.99 nm, 101 325 Pa, 15 degrees C (how it was brought to these conditions is not stated).

birch_1991/kerl_1982_Ne#

{
  "id": "kerl_1982_Ne",
  "material": "Ne",
  "file": "Ne/birch_1991__kerl_1982_Ne.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "K. Kerl, Z. Phys. Chem. Neue Folge 129, 129 (1982)"
  ],
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  }
}

birch_1991/refractivity_Ne#

{
  "id": "refractivity_Ne",
  "material": "Ne",
  "file": "Ne/birch_1991__refractivity_Ne.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "real",
  "use": "check",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

birch_1991/alpha_He#

{
  "id": "alpha_He",
  "material": "He",
  "file": "He/birch_1991__alpha_He.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "relative": 0.0002,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

birch_1991/runs_He#

{
  "id": "runs_He",
  "material": "He",
  "file": "He/birch_1991__runs_He.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "scale": 0.238732414637843,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "check"
}

birch_1991/cuthbertson_1910_He#

{
  "id": "cuthbertson_1910_He",
  "material": "He",
  "file": "He/birch_1991__cuthbertson_1910_He.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "cuthbertson_1910"
  ]
}

birch_1991/cuthbertson_1932_He#

{
  "id": "cuthbertson_1932_He",
  "material": "He",
  "file": "He/birch_1991__cuthbertson_1932_He.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "cuthbertson_1932"
  ]
}

birch_1991/hey_1988_He#

{
  "id": "hey_1988_He",
  "material": "He",
  "file": "He/birch_1991__hey_1988_He.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "J. D. Hey, H. S. T. Driver and D. B. Fish, Am. J. Phys. 56, 646 (1988)"
  ],
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  }
}

Table 2, reference [19] Hey, Driver and Fish (1988), laser interferometry, as given by Birch at 632.99 nm, 101 325 Pa, 15 degrees C (how it was brought to these conditions is not stated); +- level not stated.

birch_1991/kerl_1982_He#

{
  "id": "kerl_1982_He",
  "material": "He",
  "file": "He/birch_1991__kerl_1982_He.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "K. Kerl, Z. Phys. Chem. Neue Folge 129, 129 (1982)"
  ],
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  }
}

birch_1991/mansfield_peck_1969_He#

{
  "id": "mansfield_peck_1969_He",
  "material": "He",
  "file": "He/birch_1991__mansfield_peck_1969_He.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "mansfield_peck_1969"
  ],
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "not stated"
  }
}

Table 2, reference [18] Mansfield and Peck (1969), as given by Birch at 632.99 nm, 101 325 Pa, 15 degrees C (how it was brought to these conditions is not stated); +- level not stated.

birch_1991/refractivity_He#

{
  "id": "refractivity_He",
  "material": "He",
  "file": "He/birch_1991__refractivity_He.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "real",
  "use": "check",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

birch_1991/alpha_N2O#

{
  "id": "alpha_N2O",
  "material": "N2O",
  "file": "N2O/birch_1991__alpha_N2O.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "relative": 0.00025,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

Table 1, alpha-bar = 3 [R]/(4 pi) (1e-30 m^3, a polarizability volume) from the mean molar refraction (printed in the same row) of the runs; 99.997 % purity. Uncertainty ‘<= +-2.0 parts per 1e4’ at the 99 % level (p. 648) (nitrous oxide +-2.5) (level: 99 % confidence).

birch_1991/runs_N2O#

{
  "id": "runs_N2O",
  "material": "N2O",
  "file": "N2O/birch_1991__runs_N2O.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "scale": 0.238732414637843,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "check"
}

birch_1991/refractivity_N2O#

{
  "id": "refractivity_N2O",
  "material": "N2O",
  "file": "N2O/birch_1991__refractivity_N2O.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "real",
  "use": "check",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

birch_1991/alpha_Kr#

{
  "id": "alpha_Kr",
  "material": "Kr",
  "file": "Kr/birch_1991__alpha_Kr.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "primary",
  "uncertainty": {
    "relative": 0.0002,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

Table 1, alpha-bar = 3 [R]/(4 pi) (1e-30 m^3, a polarizability volume) from the mean molar refraction (printed in the same row) of the runs; 99.99 % purity. Uncertainty ‘<= +-2.0 parts per 1e4’ at the 99 % level (p. 648) (level: 99 % confidence).

birch_1991/runs_Kr#

{
  "id": "runs_Kr",
  "material": "Kr",
  "file": "Kr/birch_1991__runs_Kr.csv",
  "table": "tbl_6072c809ac8e",
  "quantity": "polarizability",
  "unit": "angstrom3",
  "scale": 0.238732414637843,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "use": "check"
}

birch_1991/cuthbertson_1910_Kr#

{
  "id": "cuthbertson_1910_Kr",
  "material": "Kr",
  "file": "Kr/birch_1991__cuthbertson_1910_Kr.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "unknown",
  "use": "reproduced",
  "reproduced_from": [
    "cuthbertson_1910"
  ]
}

birch_1991/refractivity_Kr#

{
  "id": "refractivity_Kr",
  "material": "Kr",
  "file": "Kr/birch_1991__refractivity_Kr.csv",
  "table": "tbl_10576f9abc2b",
  "quantity": "refractivity",
  "scale": 1e-06,
  "abscissa_unit": "nm",
  "wavelength_medium": "vacuum",
  "state": "1atm_15C",
  "density": "real",
  "use": "check",
  "uncertainty": {
    "column": true,
    "level": "99 % confidence"
  }
}

Formulas#

No formulas are recorded.

Corrections#

No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.

Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the review register for the checks and decisions.