yoshino_1985
============

K\. Yoshino and D\. E\. Freeman, "Absorption spectrum of xenon in the vacuum\-ultraviolet region", J\. Opt\. Soc\. Am\. B 2, 1268 \(1985\)

`Source record <https://github.com/LupoLab/optmat/blob/main/src/optmat/data/sources/yoshino_1985.toml>`__ · :doc:`Catalogue </the-data/sources>` · :doc:`Review register </register>`

DOI: `10\.1364/JOSAB\.2\.001268 <https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.2.001268>`__

**Source kind:** measurement

**Recorded technique:** Photographic absorption spectroscopy of atomic xenon \(below 1 mTorr, in the windowless spectrograph\) from 922 to 1296 A with a 6\.65\-m normal\-incidence vacuum spectrograph \(McPherson 265\) in the second order of a 1200 mm^\-1 grating, 0\.010 mm slit; background continua from helium \(below 1070 A\) and argon discharges; wavelengths calibrated against the CO fourth positive bands and Cu I and Cu II lines from a hollow cathode\. The five odd J = 1 Rydberg series from the 5p6 1S0 ground level \('224 lines are identified', p\. 1268; the tables hold 223 measured rows\); the series limits from the Rydberg formula with a fitted quantum defect \(Fig\. 3\)\.

**Materials in structured entries:** Xe

**Dataset quantities:** ionization\_energy, level\_energy

**Contents:** 7 datasets; 0 formulas.

Curation notes
--------------

J\. Opt\. Soc\. Am\. B 2\(8\), 1268\-1274 \(August 1985\) = PDF pages 1\-7 \(journal page = PDF page \+ 1267\); a scan with a text layer\. Identity checked against the first page \(journal, volume, number, date, page, title, authors\)\. Wavelengths are in vacuum \(the VUV; the printed wave numbers are 1e8 over them, checked for every row by the script\)\.

ABSORPTION\: no cross section, oscillator strength or absorption coefficient is printed\. Fig\. 1 reproduces the photographic plates and Fig\. 2 densitometer traces near 925 A \(relative, the ns' and nd' autoionising lines; raster\)\: no absolute scale, not digitised\. The paper's own references for xenon absorption coefficients in this region \(R\. E\. Huffman, Y\. Tanaka and J\. C\. Larrabee, J\. Chem\. Phys\. 39, 902 \(1963\); P\. H\. Metzger and G\. R\. Cook, J\. Opt\. Soc\. Am\. 55, 516 \(1965\); F\. M\. Matsunaga, R\. S\. Jackson and K\. Watanabe, J\. Quant\. Spectrosc\. Radiat\. Transfer 5, 329 \(1965\)\) are not in the library\.

WHAT IS TAKEN \(tools/extract/yoshino\_1985\.py\)\. The five series tables, each row n, the wavelength \(A\), the wave number \(cm^\-1\) and n\*\: the wave number of an absorption line from the ground level is the energy of its upper level, so each table is a level\_energy dataset \(cm^\-1\), rows by n, x the level in NIST's notation\: Table 1 \(p\. 1270\) 5p5\(2P3/2\) nd 2\[3/2\]1, n = 5\-66; Table 2 \(p\. 1270\) nd 2\[1/2\]1, n = 5\-34; Table 3 \(p\. 1271\) ns 2\[3/2\]1, n = 7\-47; Table 4 \(p\. 1271\) 5p5\(2P1/2\) nd' 2\[3/2\]1, n = 5\-65; Table 5 \(p\. 1272\) ns' 2\[1/2\]1, n = 6\-39\. Tables 4 and 5 above the first limit \(nd' n \>= 6, ns' n \>= 8\) are the autoionising resonances between the 2P3/2 and 2P1/2 limits \(12\.13\-13\.44 eV\), the region two photons of 6\.065\-6\.718 eV \(184\.6\-204\.4 nm, vacuum\) reach; they are odd J = 1 levels, reached by one photon \(two photons from the ground level reach even J = 0 and 2\)\. Rows in parentheses are 'estimated wavelengths \.\.\. calculated from the quantum defects' \(p\. 1269\), not measurements\: ns n = 22 \(blended with Lyman beta\), nd' n = 6, 7 and ns' n = 8, 9 \('so diffuse that we could not make measurements'\); kept in the files and excluded\. The series limits, from the text, as inline points\: 97 833\.75 \+\- 0\.05 cm^\-1 \(2P3/2, '12\.12994 \+\- 0\.00001 eV'\) and 108 370\.8 \+\- 0\.2 cm^\-1 \(2P1/2, '13\.43637 \+\- 0\.00002 eV'\) \(p\. 1271\); the abstract rounds the first to 97 833\.7, as Table 7 does \(p\. 1273\)\.

ACCURACY\. 'The final accuracy of measurements for each line was estimated to be better than 0\.002 A' \(p\. 1268\); 'the experimental error of 0\.2 cm^\-1 in the line measurements' \(p\. 1271\); 'For the absolute accuracy, we can safely claim 0\.2 cm^\-1' and the relative accuracy is 0\.1 cm^\-1 from the comparison with Humphreys and Paul \(p\. 1273\), with the laser measurements of the companion paper \(Bonin, McIlrath and Yoshino, J\. Opt\. Soc\. Am\. B 2, 1275 \(1985\); not in the library\)\: 12 lines, mean difference \-0\.017 \+\- 0\.15 cm^\-1\. Taken as 0\.2 cm^\-1, level not stated\. The diffuse nd' lines n = 8\-13 \(Table 4\) print wavelengths to 0\.01 A and wave numbers to 1 cm^\-1, and are less precise than that \(0\.01 A is 1\.1 cm^\-1 there\)\.

CHECKED \(the script\)\. Every row's wave number against 1e8 over its wavelength, and its n\* against the Rydberg formula with the paper's limits and xenon's mass\-corrected Rydberg constant \(109 736\.857 cm^\-1\), within the printed rounding; the four\-decimal n\* of the lowest members reproduce to 1\-2 units of the last digit \(the authors' R and rounding are not stated\)\. Six wave numbers fail both and are corrected by errata below; two wavelengths and one n\* are misprinted with the wave number right \(Table 1 n = 14 prints 1030\.453 A for 1030\.435; Table 5 n = 12 prints '3937\.650' for 937\.650; Table 4 n = 23 prints n\* = 20\.74 for 20\.72, its neighbours 19\.72 and 21\.72\)\: not in a value column, so not errata\. Against NIST \(data/external/nist\_asd/Xe\_I\_levels\.tsv, n \<= 20\)\: 28 levels NIST cites by the bibliographic key L6449 are this paper's values to every printed digit \(including the corrected 11s' and 11d'\); the other NIST levels differ by \-0\.26 to \+0\.23 cm^\-1\. All table cells were checked against the table images; the misprinted cells also on the rendered pages\. The limits\: 97 833\.75 / 8065\.479 \(CODATA 1973, cm^\-1 per eV\) = 12\.129937 eV and 108 370\.8 / 8065\.479 = 13\.436375 eV, as printed; NIST's first ionisation energy \(nist\_asd\_2026 ie\_Xe\_I, 12\.1298437 eV\) is 97 833\.787 cm^\-1, 0\.037 above this paper's \(within its \+\-0\.05\); the interval, 10 537\.05 cm^\-1 \(Table 7 prints 10 537\.1\), against NIST's 2P1/2 level of Xe II \(nist\_asd\_2026 level\_Xe\+\_2P12\) 10 537\.01\.

NOT TAKEN\. Table 6 \(p\. 1272\)\: Humphreys and Paul's interferometric term values \(HP\-70\) of 14 levels with the differences of NBS\-58, Petersson and this work, and 'reevaluated' term values = HP\-70 \- 0\.4754 cm^\-1 \(the mean present \- HP difference, \+\- 0\.0926\)\: others' values shifted, reproduced or derived\. Table 7\: the limits again, rounded, with NBS 1958 and 1970 and Edlén's interval, reproduced\. Fig\. 3 \(the limit against the assumed quantum defect\)\: not a quantity\.

FURTHER TWO\-PHOTON DATA CITED\: none\.

**Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED\_WITH\_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.

Datasets
--------

yoshino\_1985/levels\_nd32
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "levels_nd32",
     "material": "Xe",
     "file": "Xe/yoshino_1985__levels_nd32.csv",
     "table": "tbl_fc5223dd7155",
     "quantity": "level_energy",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa": "label",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "absolute": 0.2,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "configuration": "5p5.(2P*<3/2>).nd, n the row",
       "term": "2[3/2]*",
       "j": "1"
     }
   }

Table 1 \(p\. 1270\), 5p5 nd\[3/2\]1 \- 5p6 1S0, n = 5\-66\. Rows by n; x the level; the value the printed wave number of the line from the ground level \(vacuum\), its digit\-group spaces removed\. Uncertainty 0\.2 cm^\-1, the paper's absolute accuracy \(record notes\)\.

yoshino\_1985/levels\_nd12
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "levels_nd12",
     "material": "Xe",
     "file": "Xe/yoshino_1985__levels_nd12.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8f0a90e1d919",
     "quantity": "level_energy",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa": "label",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "absolute": 0.2,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "configuration": "5p5.(2P*<3/2>).nd, n the row",
       "term": "2[1/2]*",
       "j": "1"
     }
   }

Table 2 \(p\. 1270\), 5p5 nd\[1/2\]1 \- 5p6 1S0, n = 5\-34\. Rows by n; x the level; the value the printed wave number of the line from the ground level \(vacuum\), its digit\-group spaces removed\. Uncertainty 0\.2 cm^\-1, the paper's absolute accuracy \(record notes\)\.

yoshino\_1985/levels\_ns32
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "levels_ns32",
     "material": "Xe",
     "file": "Xe/yoshino_1985__levels_ns32.csv",
     "table": "tbl_0c56a9f6ed72",
     "quantity": "level_energy",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa": "label",
     "use": "primary",
     "excluded_rows": {
       "22": "printed in parentheses: the position calculated from the quantum defect, the line being blended with Lyman beta of H I at 1025.722 A (p. 1269); not a measurement"
     },
     "uncertainty": {
       "absolute": 0.2,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "configuration": "5p5.(2P*<3/2>).ns, n the row",
       "term": "2[3/2]*",
       "j": "1"
     }
   }

Table 3 \(p\. 1271\), 5p5 ns\[3/2\]1 \- 5p6 1S0, n = 7\-47 \(the 6s resonance line, 1469\.612 A, was not measured\)\. Rows by n; x the level; the value the printed wave number of the line from the ground level \(vacuum\), its digit\-group spaces removed\. Uncertainty 0\.2 cm^\-1, the paper's absolute accuracy \(record notes\)\.

yoshino\_1985/levels\_ndp32
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "levels_ndp32",
     "material": "Xe",
     "file": "Xe/yoshino_1985__levels_ndp32.csv",
     "table": "tbl_60d55d81bd56",
     "quantity": "level_energy",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa": "label",
     "use": "primary",
     "excluded_rows": {
       "6": "printed in parentheses: estimated from the quantum defect, the line too diffuse to measure (p. 1269)",
       "7": "printed in parentheses: estimated from the quantum defect, the line too diffuse to measure (p. 1269)"
     },
     "uncertainty": {
       "absolute": 0.2,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "configuration": "5p5.(2P*<1/2>).nd, n the row",
       "term": "2[3/2]*",
       "j": "1"
     }
   }

Table 4 \(p\. 1271\), 5p5 nd'\[3/2\]1 \- 5p6 1S0, n = 5\-65; autoionising for n \>= 6\. Rows n = 8\-13 print wave numbers to 1 cm^\-1 \(diffuse lines; record notes\)\. Rows by n; x the level; the value the printed wave number of the line from the ground level \(vacuum\), its digit\-group spaces removed\. Uncertainty 0\.2 cm^\-1, the paper's absolute accuracy \(record notes\)\.

yoshino\_1985/levels\_nsp12
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "levels_nsp12",
     "material": "Xe",
     "file": "Xe/yoshino_1985__levels_nsp12.csv",
     "table": "tbl_ca7c8f0fa582",
     "quantity": "level_energy",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa": "label",
     "use": "primary",
     "excluded_rows": {
       "8": "printed in parentheses: estimated from the quantum defect, not measured (p. 1269)",
       "9": "printed in parentheses: estimated from the quantum defect, not measured (p. 1269)"
     },
     "uncertainty": {
       "absolute": 0.2,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "configuration": "5p5.(2P*<1/2>).ns, n the row",
       "term": "2[1/2]*",
       "j": "1"
     }
   }

Table 5 \(p\. 1272\), 5p5 ns'\[1/2\]1 \- 5p6 1S0, n = 6\-39; autoionising for n \>= 8\. Rows by n; x the level; the value the printed wave number of the line from the ground level \(vacuum\), its digit\-group spaces removed\. Uncertainty 0\.2 cm^\-1, the paper's absolute accuracy \(record notes\)\.

yoshino\_1985/limit\_2P32
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "limit_2P32",
     "material": "Xe",
     "table": "text",
     "quantity": "ionization_energy",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa": "label",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "kind": "adiabatic",
       "final_state": "5p5 2P*<3/2> (the Xe II ground level)"
     }
   }

1 inline points in the source record.

p\. 1271\: the first ionisation limit 'was found to be 97 833\.75 \+\- 0\.05 cm^\-1 \(or 12\.12994 \+\- 0\.00001 eV\)', from the nd\[3/2\]1 series, m = 25\-36 and 45\-61, with a = 0\.79 in T = T\_obs \+ R / \(m \+ a\)^2 \(Eq\. 1\)\. The abstract and Table 7 round it to 97 833\.7\. Level not stated\.

yoshino\_1985/limit\_2P12
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "limit_2P12",
     "material": "Xe",
     "table": "text",
     "quantity": "ionization_energy",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa": "label",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "kind": "adiabatic",
       "final_state": "5p5 2P*<1/2> (the excited fine-structure level of Xe II)"
     }
   }

1 inline points in the source record.

p\. 1271\: the second ionisation limit 'was found to be 108 370\.8 \+\- 0\.2 cm^\-1 \(or 13\.43637 \+\- 0\.00002 eV\)', from the nd'\[3/2\]1 series, n = 52\-65, with a = 0\.72\. The ionisation energy to the excited 2P1/2 level of the ion, not the first ionisation energy\. Level not stated\.

Formulas
--------

No formulas are recorded.

Corrections
-----------

.. code-block:: text

   [
     {
       "dataset": "levels_nd12",
       "row": "10",
       "column": "value",
       "printed": "95912.98",
       "corrected": "95912.87",
       "reason": "Table 2, nd[1/2] n = 10: the printed 95 912.98 cm^-1 is not 1e8 / 1042.613 A = 95 912.87, and gives n* = 7.5586 against the printed 7.5583, which 95 912.87 reproduces.",
       "evidence": "The row's own wavelength and n* (script checks); NIST's 5p5(2P3/2) 10d 2[1/2]1, 95 912.880 cm^-1 (another source, key L3466). Table image and rendered page show 95 912.98."
     },
     {
       "dataset": "levels_nd12",
       "row": "31",
       "column": "value",
       "printed": "97798.4",
       "corrected": "97698.4",
       "reason": "Table 2, nd[1/2] n = 31: 97 798.4 cm^-1 lies above the series limit (97 833.75 is 35 cm^-1 higher, n* would be 56) and out of order (n = 30 is 97 688.8, n = 32 97 707.5); 1e8 / 1023.558 A = 97 698.42 and gives n* = 28.47 as printed: a 7 misprinted for a 6.",
       "evidence": "The row's own wavelength and n*, and the series order (script checks). Beyond NIST's list (n <= 20). Table image shows 97 798.4."
     },
     {
       "dataset": "levels_ns32",
       "row": "10",
       "column": "value",
       "printed": "94487.09",
       "corrected": "94787.09",
       "reason": "Table 3, ns[3/2] n = 10: 94 487.09 cm^-1 is not 1e8 / 1054.996 A = 94 787.09, which reproduces the printed n* = 6.0016: a 4 misprinted for a 7.",
       "evidence": "The row's own wavelength and n* (script checks); NIST's 5p5(2P3/2) 10s 2[3/2]1, 94 787.084 cm^-1 (key L763). Table image shows 94 487.09."
     },
     {
       "dataset": "levels_ns32",
       "row": "23",
       "column": "value",
       "printed": "97350.0",
       "corrected": "97530.0",
       "reason": "Table 3, ns[3/2] n = 23: 97 350.0 cm^-1 is out of order (n = 21 is 97 454.3, n = 24 97 559.5) and is not 1e8 / 1025.326 A = 97 529.96, which gives the printed n* = 19.01: two digits transposed.",
       "evidence": "The row's own wavelength and n*, and the series order (script checks). Beyond NIST's list. Table image shows 97 350.0."
     },
     {
       "dataset": "levels_ndp32",
       "row": "11",
       "column": "value",
       "printed": "107209.",
       "corrected": "106929.",
       "reason": "Table 4, nd'[3/2] n = 11: the wave number repeats the next row's (n = 12, 107 209.); 1e8 / 935.20 A = 106 929.0, which gives the printed n* = 8.724.",
       "evidence": "The row's own wavelength and n* (script checks); NIST's 5p5(2P1/2) 11d 2[3/2]1 is 106 929. cm^-1 with the key L6449 (this paper), i.e. NIST carries the corrected value. Table image shows 107 209. twice."
     },
     {
       "dataset": "levels_nsp12",
       "row": "11",
       "column": "value",
       "printed": "1061208",
       "corrected": "106120.8",
       "reason": "Table 5, ns'[1/2] n = 11: printed '106 120 8', the decimal point missing (rendered page and text layer agree); 1e8 / 942.322 A = 106 120.84, n* = 6.9837 as printed.",
       "evidence": "The row's own wavelength and n* (script checks); NIST's 5p5(2P1/2) 11s 2[1/2]1 is 106 120.8 cm^-1 with the key L6449 (this paper). Rendered page p. 1272 checked."
     }
   ]

Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register </register>` for the checks and decisions.