wang_2013 ========= D\. Wang, Y\. Leng and Z\. Xu, "Measurement of nonlinear refractive index coefficient of inert gases with hollow\-core fiber", Appl\. Phys\. B 111, 447 \(2013\) `Source record `__ · :doc:`Catalogue ` · :doc:`Review register ` DOI: `10\.1007/s00340\-013\-5354\-0 `__ **Source kind:** measurement **Recorded technique:** Self\-phase\-modulation spectral broadening in a gas\-filled hollow\-core fiber \(1 m long; 250 um inner diameter at 800 nm, 400 um at 1\.8 um\)\: near transform\-limited input pulses \(800 nm\: 0\.46 mJ \(Ar\) or 0\.66 mJ \(Ne\), 50 fs FWHM; 1\.8 um\: 1\.27 mJ, 57 fs from an OPA\) coupled to the fundamental mode; the rms spectral broadening factor versus gas pressure \(up to ~1 bar Ar, 2\.6 bar Ne, 0\.5 bar Ar at 1\.8 um\) gives n2 through Eq\. \(1\); n2 per bar from the slope of a linear fit, corrected for the 2\-4 % extra broadening near the fiber ends \(pp\. 447\-449\)\. **Materials in structured entries:** Ar, Ne **Dataset quantities:** nonlinear\_index **Contents:** 6 datasets; 0 formulas. Curation notes -------------- Journal pages 447\-452 = PDF pages 1\-6\. Identity checked against the first page\. Ne and Ar \(Kr and Xe were not measured\: ionization dominates at these intensities, p\. 450\)\. DEFINITIONS \(p\. 448\)\: Delta omega\_out / Delta omega\_in = \(1 \+ \(4 / 3 sqrt 3\) phi\_max^2\)^\(1/2\) \(Eq\. \(1\), transform\-limited Gaussian\), phi\_max = gamma P0 L\_eff, L\_eff = \[1 \- exp\(\-alpha L\)\] / alpha, gamma = n2 omega0 / \(c A\_eff\), A\_eff = 0\.48 pi a^2 \(HE11 mode\); rms widths, Eqs\. \(2\)\-\(3\)\. n2 is the SELF coefficient \(single\-beam SPM, n = n0 \+ n2 I\)\. Validity\: the Kerr length is required to be well below the dispersion, self\-steepening and ionization lengths \(Tables 1\-4, characteristic lengths per pressure\)\. VALUES \(text only\)\: Ar at 800 nm, slope '\(1\.11 \+\- 0\.05\) x 10^\-19 cm2/W bar', 'Considering the 2\-4 % extra contribution near the input and output end of the fiber, the n2 of argon is \(1\.08 \+\- 0\.06\) x 10^\-19 cm2/W bar which agrees well the value of 1\.0 x 10^\-19 cm2/W bar given in \[19\]' \(p\. 449\)\. Ne at 800 nm\: 'Linear fitting followed by a correction results in an average n2 of \(9\.30 \+\- 0\.25\) x 10^\-21 cm2/W bar compared with 7\.5 x 10^\-21 cm2/W bar in \[20\]' \(p\. 450\)\. Ar at 1\.8 um\: '\(6\.65 \+\- 0\.33\) x 10^\-20 cm2/W bar while the calculated value is 9\.73 x 10^\-20 cm2/W bar at 1\.83 um in \[21\]' \(p\. 450\)\. The \+\- are fit statistics\. Accuracy \(p\. 451\)\: self\-steepening \(overestimate, Ne\) and plasma \(underestimate, Ar at 1\.8 um\) 'cause a deviation of about \+\-30 % from the referred values'; chirped or non\-Gaussian input would lower n2\. Not a stated uncertainty\: kept in notes\. REFERENCE STATE\: per bar \('cm2/W bar'\), temperature not stated\: 1e5 Pa and 293\.15 K assumed; n2 was found linear in pressure over the range\. Wavelengths\: the laser centre wavelengths \(800 nm; 1\.8 um, OPA tunable 1\.6\-2\.0 um\), vacuum assumed\. PART\: electronic \(atoms, 50\-57 fs\), with the residual self\-steepening and plasma effects discussed above\. \[19\] = bejot\_2010 \(PRL 104, 103903\), \[20\] = Nurhuda et al\., Appl\. Phys\. B 89, 209 \(2007\) \(not in the library\), \[21\] = Bejot et al\., PRA 81, 063828 \(2010\) = bejot\_2010\_hollow\. **Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents. Datasets -------- wang\_2013/n2\_Ar\_800 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "n2_Ar_800", "material": "Ar", "table": "text", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "cm2/W", "scale": 1e-19, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 293.15 }, "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "electronic", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 50 } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 449\: '\(1\.08 \+\- 0\.06\) x 10^\-19 cm2/W bar' after the 2\-4 % fiber\-end correction \(fit slope 1\.11 \+\- 0\.05\)\. Per bar; 293\.15 K assumed\. 0\.46 mJ, 50 fs, 250\-um fiber, pressures up to ~960 mbar; the plasma length drops to 0\.2 m at 960 mbar \(Table 2\)\. wang\_2013/n2\_Ar\_1800 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "n2_Ar_1800", "material": "Ar", "table": "text", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "cm2/W", "scale": 1e-20, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 293.15 }, "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "electronic", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 57 } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 450\: '\(6\.65 \+\- 0\.33\) x 10^\-20 cm2/W bar' at 1\.8 um \(57 fs, 1\.27 mJ, 400\-um fiber, below 500 mbar\)\. The authors attribute its 32 % shortfall against Bejot et al\.'s calculation to plasma \(p\. 451\)\. wang\_2013/n2\_Ne ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "n2_Ne", "material": "Ne", "table": "text", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "cm2/W", "scale": 1e-21, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 293.15 }, "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "electronic", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 50 } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 450\: '\(9\.30 \+\- 0\.25\) x 10^\-21 cm2/W bar' \(0\.66 mJ, 50 fs, up to 2,600 mbar\)\. The authors attribute its excess over Nurhuda et al\.'s 7\.5 to self\-steepening \(p\. 451\)\. wang\_2013/bejot\_Ar ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "bejot_Ar", "material": "Ar", "table": "text", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "cm2/W", "scale": 1e-19, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 293.15 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "bejot_2010" ], "parameters": { "part": "unknown", "coefficient": "self" } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 449\: 'the value of 1\.0 x 10^\-19 cm2/W bar given in \[19\]' \(Bejot et al\., PRL 104, 103903 \(2010\)\); state as quoted \(per bar\)\. wang\_2013/nurhuda\_Ne ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "nurhuda_Ne", "material": "Ne", "table": "text", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "cm2/W", "scale": 1e-21, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 293.15 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "M. Nurhuda, A. Suda, M. Kaku and K. Midorikawa, Appl. Phys. B 89, 209 (2007)" ], "parameters": { "part": "unknown", "coefficient": "self" } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 450\: '7\.5 x 10^\-21 cm2/W bar in \[20\]'\. Wavelength assumed 800 nm \(the comparison's\); the original is not in the library\. wang\_2013/bejot\_Ar\_1830 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "bejot_Ar_1830", "material": "Ar", "table": "text", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "cm2/W", "scale": 1e-20, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 293.15 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "bejot_2010_hollow" ], "parameters": { "part": "unknown", "coefficient": "self" } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 450\: 'the calculated value is 9\.73 x 10^\-20 cm2/W bar at 1\.83 um in \[21\]' \(Bejot et al\., PRA 81, 063828 \(2010\)\); a calculated value\. Formulas -------- No formulas are recorded. Corrections ----------- No dataset errata are recorded in this source record. Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register ` for the checks and decisions.