vanderhart_2007 =============== H\. W\. van der Hart, M\. A\. Lysaght and P\. G\. Burke, "Time\-dependent multielectron dynamics of Ar in intense short laser pulses", Phys\. Rev\. A 76, 043405 \(2007\) `Source record `__ · :doc:`Catalogue ` · :doc:`Review register ` DOI: `10\.1103/PhysRevA\.76\.043405 `__ **Source kind:** theory **Recorded technique:** Time\-dependent R\-matrix theory\: the time\-dependent Schrodinger equation of the whole atom solved in a box of radius 100 au on R\-matrix inner\-region basis sets \(R\-matrix II codes\) with B\-spline continuum functions \(80\-90 per angular momentum\), length gauge, an absorbing boundary, 2000 time steps per cycle \(pp\. 1\-2\)\. Ar described with the 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 2P target state of Ar\+ \(and, for Table I, also 3s 3p6 2S\), with pseudo\-orbitals 3d, 4s, 4p and all single, double and triple excitations from 3s2 3p6 into them; Lmax 12 \(18 at the highest intensities\)\. Laser\: 390 nm, a three\-cycle sin^2 turn\-on, 0 to 14 cycles of constant amplitude, a three\-cycle sin^2 turn\-off\. The cycle\-averaged ionisation rate is taken from the decay of the norm, and of the bound population against the number of constant cycles \(Figs\. 2, 3; p\. 2\)\. **Materials in structured entries:** Ar **Dataset quantities:** ionization\_rate **Contents:** 4 datasets; 0 formulas. Curation notes -------------- Journal pp\. 043405\-1 to \-5 = PDF pages 1\-5\. Identity checked on the first page \(single author H\. W\. van der Hart, Queen's University Belfast; received 4 May 2007\) on 2026\-09\-29\. EXTRACTED \(tools/extract/vanderhart\_2007\.py\)\: \- Table I \(p\. 4, tbl\_2c7127524ab5\)\: the rates of Ar at 0\.48, 0\.75 and 1\.50e14 W/cm2 with one and with two Ar\+ target states, s\-1\. The library's cells print 'a x 10^b' with a backspace for the times sign and the exponent run into the 10; read by the script's check of that shape, and checked against the table image\. \- Fig\. 4 \(p\. 3, library figure fig\_3c19189b753a\), a vector drawing, read from the PDF \(data rule 8, TC\-699, TC\-700\)\: the time\-dependent rates at the nine intensities Table I does not print \(0\.25, 0\.65, 0\.70, 0\.80, 0\.85, 1\.25, 1\.75, 2\.50, 3\.00e14 W/cm2; solid circles, their centres\), and the R\-matrix Floquet curve of van der Hart 2006 \(the solid line, its 1221 vertices within the frame\)\. The axes are calibrated from the drawing's tick marks\: x at 0\.25e14 steps, y 1e8 to 1e14 s\-1 in two\-decade steps, every tick within 0\.001 pt of the fitted scale\. The ADK curve is not taken\. THE CHECK of the reading\: at Table I's three intensities the figure's circles read 9\.912e10, 4\.564e11 and 1\.2141e13 s\-1 against the table's one\-state 9\.79e10, 4\.32e11 and 1\.21e13\: 1\.3 %, 5\.6 % and 0\.3 %\. The intensities come out at 0\.250, 0\.480, 0\.650 \.\.\. to 0\.001e14\. The figure's rates are therefore given an uncertainty of 6 %; the 0\.75e14 circle, on the 3s2 3p5 3d 1P/1F resonance, is where the figure and the table differ most\. ACCURACY, as the paper states it \(p\. 3\)\: agreement with the R\-matrix Floquet rates 'typically well within 10%'; 'an increased uncertainty in the obtained ionization rates of about 10% for I = 2\.5 x 10^14 W/cm2 and 5% for I = 3\.0 x 10^14 W/cm2'\. Adding the second target state lowers the rate 'by less than 2%' \(Table I\)\. Resonances\: the 3s2 3p5 3d 1P and 1F near 0\.75e14 W/cm2 enhance the rate; the 5s 1P is marked near 1\.3e14 \(Fig\. 4\)\. POLARISATION\: not stated in words; the paper multiplies ADK rates 'by 2 due to the presence of 2 m = 0 electrons' \(p\. 3\), the counting of a linearly polarised field along the quantisation axis\. Recorded as linear\. ADK, as the paper states it \(p\. 3\)\: 'At the higher intensities, the ionization rates are in surprisingly close agreement with ionization rates given by the ADK formula \.\.\., although the ADK rates tend to increase more rapidly with increasing intensity'; 'At lower intensities \.\.\. the differences \.\.\. increase rapidly'\. The ionisation energy of the calculation is not stated here \(the target description is that of the paper's ref\. 20\)\. **Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents. Datasets -------- vanderhart\_2007/table1\_one\_state\_Ar ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "table1_one_state_Ar", "material": "Ar", "file": "Ar/vanderhart_2007__table1_one_state_Ar.csv", "table": "tbl_2c7127524ab5", "quantity": "ionization_rate", "unit": "s-1", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 390, "polarization": "linear", "method": "time-dependent R-matrix, one Ar+ target state" } } Table I, 'One\-target'\: the cycle\-averaged ionisation rate of Ar at 390 nm with the 3s2 3p5 2P target state of Ar\+, s\-1, against the intensity \(printed in 1e14 W/cm2\)\. 0\.75e14 W/cm2 is on the 3s2 3p5 3d 1P/1F resonance\. Agreement with R\-matrix Floquet 'typically well within 10%' \(p\. 3\)\. vanderhart\_2007/table1\_two\_states\_Ar ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "table1_two_states_Ar", "material": "Ar", "file": "Ar/vanderhart_2007__table1_two_states_Ar.csv", "table": "tbl_2c7127524ab5", "quantity": "ionization_rate", "unit": "s-1", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 390, "polarization": "linear", "method": "time-dependent R-matrix, two Ar+ target states" } } Table I, 'Two\-target'\: the same with the 3s 3p6 2S target state of Ar\+ added, s\-1; lower by 'less than 2%' \(p\. 4\)\. vanderhart\_2007/fig4\_td\_rmatrix\_Ar ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig4_td_rmatrix_Ar", "material": "Ar", "file": "Ar/vanderhart_2007__fig4_td_rmatrix_Ar.csv", "table": "fig_3c19189b753a", "digitised": "vector", "quantity": "ionization_rate", "unit": "s-1", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "uncertainty": { "relative": 0.06, "relative_rows": { "2.500": 0.1 }, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 390, "polarization": "linear", "method": "time-dependent R-matrix, one Ar+ target state" } } Fig\. 4, 'Present approach' \(solid circles\)\: the time\-dependent R\-matrix rates of Ar at 390 nm at the nine intensities Table I does not print, read from the vector drawing \(the record's notes\)\: s\-1 against W/cm2\. 6 %\: how closely the figure reproduces Table I \(1\.3, 5\.6 and 0\.3 %\); 10 % at 2\.5e14 W/cm2, the paper's stated uncertainty there\. The printed column gives each circle's centre in page points\. vanderhart\_2007/fig4\_floquet\_Ar ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig4_floquet_Ar", "material": "Ar", "file": "Ar/vanderhart_2007__fig4_floquet_Ar.csv", "table": "fig_3c19189b753a", "digitised": "vector", "quantity": "ionization_rate", "unit": "s-1", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "vanderhart_2006" ], "uncertainty": { "relative": 0.06, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 390, "polarization": "linear", "method": "R-matrix Floquet, one Ar+ target state" } } Fig\. 4, 'R\-matrix Floquet' \(the solid line\)\: van der Hart 2006's rates of Ar at 390 nm \(the paper's ref\. 14\), as this figure draws them, read from the vector drawing\: the 1221 vertices within the frame, 0\.18 to 1\.94e14 W/cm2, s\-1\. The curve resolves the resonances\: its vertices are not equally spaced and some share an intensity\. 6 % as the figure's circles \(the record's notes\)\. Formulas -------- No formulas are recorded. Corrections ----------- No dataset errata are recorded in this source record. Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register ` for the checks and decisions.