patankar_2017
=============

S\. Patankar, S\. T\. Yang, J\. D\. Moody, G\. F\. Swadling, A\. C\. Erlandson, A\. J\. Bayramian, D\. Barker, P\. Datte, R\. L\. Acree, B\. Pepmeier, R\. E\. Madden, M\. R\. Borden and J\. S\. Ross, "Two\-photon absorption measurements of deep UV transmissible materials at 213 nm", Appl\. Opt\. 56, 8309\-8312 \(2017\)

`Source record <https://github.com/LupoLab/optmat/blob/main/src/optmat/data/sources/patankar_2017.toml>`__ · :doc:`Catalogue </the-data/sources>` · :doc:`Review register </register>`

DOI: `10\.1364/AO\.56\.008309 <https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.008309>`__

**Source kind:** measurement

**Recorded technique:** Intensity\-dependent energy transmission at 213 nm\. A mode\-locked Nd\:YAG laser \(EKSPLA PL2230\) at its 5th harmonic, 60 \+\- 2\.5 uJ, 24 \+\- 2 ps FWHM \(TPA autocorrelation in fused silica, Gaussian assumed, deconvolution factor 1\.41\), 1 Hz; the 3 mm beam focused by a 25\.4 mm fused\-silica lens \(effective F/265\) to a Gaussian spot of 100 um \(1/e^2\) with a 69 mm Rayleigh range \(constant through the samples\); intensities up to 5\.5 GW/cm2; energy varied with a waveplate and polarizer; horizontal linear polarization, normal incidence\. Energy\: an Ophir PD10\-C photodiode sensor cross\-calibrated against six Gentec QE12LP\-S\-MB pyroelectric sensors; each point averaged over 30 shots, the sample removed to measure the input energy\. Analysis\: dI/dz = \-alpha I \- beta I^2 \(Eq\. 1\), the transmission of a Gaussian beam and pulse \(Eq\. 2, after Sutherland; Eq\. 3 q0 = beta \(1 \- R\) I0 \(1 \- exp\(\-alpha L\)\) / alpha\), with R and alpha measured independently with a spectrophotometer, beta fitted by least chi^2 \(Eq\. 4\) \(pp\. 8309\-8311\)\.

**Materials in structured entries:** Al2O3, BaF2, CaF2, LiF, MgF2, SiO2

**Dataset quantities:** absorption\_coefficient, band\_gap, refractive\_index, two\_photon\_absorption\_coefficient

**Contents:** 33 datasets; 0 formulas.

Curation notes
--------------

Journal pages 8309\-8312 = PDF pages 1\-4\. Identity checked against the first page\. validation\.json flags unmapped glyphs on pp\. 8309\-8310 \(the '\+\-' of '60 \+\- 2\.5 uJ' and '24 \+\- 2 ps', the '~' of '~1 eV'\)\: text only, checked against the sense; the tables are not affected\.

WHAT IS HERE\. Table 1 \(tbl\_c8b5daab8ce4, p\. 8310\)\: material, manufacturer, thickness, band gap with its reference, n0 at 213 nm\. Table 2 \(tbl\_8426527ad90f, p\. 8311\)\: material, manufacturer, thickness, alpha \(cm^\-1\), beta \(cm/GW\)\. Both checked cell by cell against the images \(2026\-09\-27\)\: no misread cell\. Extracted by tools/extract/patankar\_2017\.py\: beta \(two\_photon\_absorption\_coefficient, primary, the printed \+\- as sigma\), alpha \(absorption\_coefficient, base e, primary\), the band gap \(reproduced from the cited references, check\) and n0 \(assumed input, check\), one dataset per sample; the four fused\-silica grades are separate datasets \(parameters\.grade\)\.

NOT EXTRACTED\. LiF beta printed '\<0\.001' cm/GW, an upper limit \('MgF2 and LiF do not show any significant loss in transmission with increasing laser intensity', p\. 8311; and LiF shows no measurable TPA, p\. 8312\); LiF's gap \(13\.6 eV\) exceeds the two\-photon energy \(11\.8 eV\)\. Sample thicknesses \(7, 16\.6, 10, 4\.5, 6\.2, 10\.1 mm\) are in each dataset's notes\. Figures \(not digitised\)\: Fig\. 2\(a\) the focal spot, 2\(b\) the autocorrelation; Fig\. 3 transmission against intensity for all samples; Fig\. 4 the chi^2 fits for MgF2 and FS—1AK\. The abstract's range '0\.004 and 0\.82 cm/GW' differs from the Table 2 note and conclusions \('0\.004 cm/GW to 0\.86 cm/GW'; BaF2 0\.86 is the largest\)\.

UNCERTAINTY\. 'The accuracy of the relative transmission measurement was limited by small shifts in laser energy to ~0\.5%' \(p\. 8310\)\. 'At 213 nm, the uncertainty in the absolute energy value is not defined due to lack of traceable standards \[13\]; therefore, we use the uncertainty value at 248 nm \(\+\-5% at 2 sigma\)' \(p\. 8310\)\. 'Uncertainties in the absolute value of the intensity are used to generate error bars for the TPA coefficient' \(Table 2 note\)\: the \+\- \(about 10 %\) has no stated level\.

LITERATURE QUOTED \(p\. 8312\), as reproduced datasets where the value is printed\: Slattery and Nikogosyan \[4\] at 211 nm, CaF2 0\.26 \+\- 0\.05, BaF2 0\.58 \+\- 0\.09, fused silica 0\.50 \+\- 0\.08 cm/GW \(slattery\_2003\: its beta\_211 datasets print 26 \+\- 5, 58 \+\- 9, 50 \+\- 8 x 1e\-11 cm/W\: agree\); Kittelmann and Ringling \[3\] MgF2 at 193 nm 0\.19 cm/GW \(kittelmann\_1994\: its Gaussian\-fit value 1\.9e\-10 cm/W\: agrees\); Taylor et al\. \[16\] 'place an upper limit of 0\.0013 cm/GW for MgF2' at 248 nm \(taylor\_1988; a limit, not extracted\)\. 'We note that their result for CaF2 \.\.\. agrees with the value we measure, but the values for BaF2 \.\.\. and FS \.\.\. are lower than our measurements' \(p\. 8312\)\. Materials not in this list \(the nonlinear crystals of Refs\. \[1\], \[2\]\) are only named\.

GRADES\. The fused silica samples are 'DUV grades of fused silica \(FS\) designed for ArF \(193 nm\) and KrF \(248 nm\) lasers' \(p\. 8309\), 'identified by their commercial names'\: FS—1AK \(Heraeus; 'SupraSil—1AK' in the Fig\. 4 caption\), FS—7980 \(ArF\) \(Corning\), FS—8655 \(Corning\), FS—312 \(Heraeus\)\. 'different grades of fused silica performed near identically for two\-photon absorption; however, there are differences in linear losses associated with purity' \(abstract\)\.

**Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.

Datasets
--------

patankar\_2017/beta\_slattery\_2003\_CaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_slattery_2003_CaF2",
     "material": "CaF2",
     "table": "text",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "slattery_2003"
     ],
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     }
   }

1 inline points in the source record.

Text, p\. 8312\: 'We compare our results with Slattery and Nikogosyan \[4\] who have performed TPA measurements for similar materials at 211 nm using a femtosecond laser\. We note that their result for CaF2 \(0\.26 \+\- 0\.05 cm/GW\) agrees with the value we measure'\. slattery\_2003/beta\_211\_CaF2 prints 26 \+\- 5 x 1e\-11 cm/W\: the same\.

patankar\_2017/beta\_slattery\_2003\_BaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_slattery_2003_BaF2",
     "material": "BaF2",
     "table": "text",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "slattery_2003"
     ],
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     }
   }

1 inline points in the source record.

Text, p\. 8312\: 'the values for BaF2 \(0\.58 \+\- 0\.09 cm/GW\) and FS \(0\.50 \+\- 0\.08\) are lower than our measurements' \(Slattery and Nikogosyan \[4\], 211 nm\)\. slattery\_2003/beta\_211\_BaF2 prints 58 \+\- 9 x 1e\-11 cm/W\: the same\.

patankar\_2017/beta\_slattery\_2003\_SiO2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_slattery_2003_SiO2",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "table": "text",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "slattery_2003"
     ],
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     }
   }

1 inline points in the source record.

Text, p\. 8312\: 'FS \(0\.50 \+\- 0\.08\)' \(Slattery and Nikogosyan \[4\], 211 nm, cm/GW\)\. slattery\_2003/beta\_211\_SiO2 prints 50 \+\- 8 x 1e\-11 cm/W\: the same\.

patankar\_2017/beta\_kittelmann\_1994\_MgF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_kittelmann_1994_MgF2",
     "material": "MgF2",
     "table": "text",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "reproduced",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "kittelmann_1994"
     ]
   }

1 inline points in the source record.

Text, p\. 8312\: 'Kittelman and Ringling \[3\] measured the TPA coefficient of MgF2 at 193 nm to be 0\.19 cm/GW'\. kittelmann\_1994/beta\_193\_gaussian\_MgF2 prints 1\.9e\-10 cm/W \(its flat\-top fit, 1\.2e\-10\)\: the Gaussian\-fit value\.

patankar\_2017/alpha\_LiF
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "alpha_LiF",
     "material": "LiF",
     "file": "LiF/patankar_2017__alpha_LiF.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "parameters": {
       "base": "e",
       "technique": "spectrophotometer",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'alpha cm^\-1' \(p\. 8311\), LiF, manufacturer 'Not known', 7 mm thick\: the linear loss of Eq\. \(1\), dI/dz = \-alpha I \(base e\); 'The linear loss for each material was tabulated using spectrophotometer measurements and known values of refractive indices' \(Table 2 note\), i\.e\. the spectrophotometer transmission with the Fresnel reflection removed; it includes any scattering and impurity loss of the sample\. No uncertainty is given\. 'there are differences in linear losses associated with purity' among the silica grades \(abstract\)\.

patankar\_2017/alpha\_MgF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "alpha_MgF2",
     "material": "MgF2",
     "file": "MgF2/patankar_2017__alpha_MgF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "parameters": {
       "base": "e",
       "technique": "spectrophotometer",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'alpha cm^\-1' \(p\. 8311\), MgF2 from Fairfield Crystal, 16\.6 mm thick \(axis not stated\)\: the linear loss of Eq\. \(1\), dI/dz = \-alpha I \(base e\); 'The linear loss for each material was tabulated using spectrophotometer measurements and known values of refractive indices' \(Table 2 note\), i\.e\. the spectrophotometer transmission with the Fresnel reflection removed; it includes any scattering and impurity loss of the sample\. No uncertainty is given\. 'there are differences in linear losses associated with purity' among the silica grades \(abstract\)\.

patankar\_2017/beta\_MgF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_MgF2",
     "material": "MgF2",
     "file": "MgF2/patankar_2017__beta_MgF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "technique": "intensity-dependent transmission",
       "pulse_fs": 24000,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'beta cm/GW' \(p\. 8311\), MgF2 from Fairfield Crystal, 16\.6 mm thick \(axis not stated\)\. dI/dz = \-alpha I \- beta I^2 \(Eq\. 1\), fitted \(least chi^2\) to the energy transmission against intensity with Eq\. \(2\) for a Gaussian beam and pulse, with the measured reflectivity and alpha \(reflection losses removed, \(1 \- R\) in Eqs\. 2\-3\)\. 24 \+\- 2 ps FWHM pulses at 213 nm \(the 5th harmonic of Nd\:YAG\), 1 Hz, F/265 focus of ~100 um \(1/e^2\), up to 5\.5 GW/cm2, horizontal linear polarization, normal incidence\. 'The error allocated to the best\-fit value of beta originates from uncertainties in the absolute laser intensity at focus\. The statistical errors associated with the fitting are negligible' \(p\. 8311\); the energy scale is taken as \+\-5 % at 2 sigma \(the 248\-nm calibration, p\. 8310\); the level of the printed \+\- is not stated\. 'We measure a very low value of 0\.004 \+\- 0\.0004 cm/GW for the MgF2 substrate tested, which is a factor of 75 lower than CaF2' \(p\. 8312\)\.

patankar\_2017/alpha\_CaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "alpha_CaF2",
     "material": "CaF2",
     "file": "CaF2/patankar_2017__alpha_CaF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "parameters": {
       "base": "e",
       "technique": "spectrophotometer",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'alpha cm^\-1' \(p\. 8311\), CaF2 from Hellma, 10 mm thick\: the linear loss of Eq\. \(1\), dI/dz = \-alpha I \(base e\); 'The linear loss for each material was tabulated using spectrophotometer measurements and known values of refractive indices' \(Table 2 note\), i\.e\. the spectrophotometer transmission with the Fresnel reflection removed; it includes any scattering and impurity loss of the sample\. No uncertainty is given\. 'there are differences in linear losses associated with purity' among the silica grades \(abstract\)\.

patankar\_2017/beta\_CaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_CaF2",
     "material": "CaF2",
     "file": "CaF2/patankar_2017__beta_CaF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "technique": "intensity-dependent transmission",
       "pulse_fs": 24000,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'beta cm/GW' \(p\. 8311\), CaF2 from Hellma, 10 mm thick\. dI/dz = \-alpha I \- beta I^2 \(Eq\. 1\), fitted \(least chi^2\) to the energy transmission against intensity with Eq\. \(2\) for a Gaussian beam and pulse, with the measured reflectivity and alpha \(reflection losses removed, \(1 \- R\) in Eqs\. 2\-3\)\. 24 \+\- 2 ps FWHM pulses at 213 nm \(the 5th harmonic of Nd\:YAG\), 1 Hz, F/265 focus of ~100 um \(1/e^2\), up to 5\.5 GW/cm2, horizontal linear polarization, normal incidence\. 'The error allocated to the best\-fit value of beta originates from uncertainties in the absolute laser intensity at focus\. The statistical errors associated with the fitting are negligible' \(p\. 8311\); the energy scale is taken as \+\-5 % at 2 sigma \(the 248\-nm calibration, p\. 8310\); the level of the printed \+\- is not stated\.

patankar\_2017/alpha\_BaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "alpha_BaF2",
     "material": "BaF2",
     "file": "BaF2/patankar_2017__alpha_BaF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "parameters": {
       "base": "e",
       "technique": "spectrophotometer",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'alpha cm^\-1' \(p\. 8311\), BaF2 from Hellma, 4\.5 mm thick\: the linear loss of Eq\. \(1\), dI/dz = \-alpha I \(base e\); 'The linear loss for each material was tabulated using spectrophotometer measurements and known values of refractive indices' \(Table 2 note\), i\.e\. the spectrophotometer transmission with the Fresnel reflection removed; it includes any scattering and impurity loss of the sample\. No uncertainty is given\. 'there are differences in linear losses associated with purity' among the silica grades \(abstract\)\.

patankar\_2017/beta\_BaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_BaF2",
     "material": "BaF2",
     "file": "BaF2/patankar_2017__beta_BaF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "technique": "intensity-dependent transmission",
       "pulse_fs": 24000,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'beta cm/GW' \(p\. 8311\), BaF2 from Hellma, 4\.5 mm thick\. dI/dz = \-alpha I \- beta I^2 \(Eq\. 1\), fitted \(least chi^2\) to the energy transmission against intensity with Eq\. \(2\) for a Gaussian beam and pulse, with the measured reflectivity and alpha \(reflection losses removed, \(1 \- R\) in Eqs\. 2\-3\)\. 24 \+\- 2 ps FWHM pulses at 213 nm \(the 5th harmonic of Nd\:YAG\), 1 Hz, F/265 focus of ~100 um \(1/e^2\), up to 5\.5 GW/cm2, horizontal linear polarization, normal incidence\. 'The error allocated to the best\-fit value of beta originates from uncertainties in the absolute laser intensity at focus\. The statistical errors associated with the fitting are negligible' \(p\. 8311\); the energy scale is taken as \+\-5 % at 2 sigma \(the 248\-nm calibration, p\. 8310\); the level of the printed \+\- is not stated\.

patankar\_2017/alpha\_Al2O3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "alpha_Al2O3",
     "material": "Al2O3",
     "file": "Al2O3/patankar_2017__alpha_Al2O3.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "parameters": {
       "base": "e",
       "technique": "spectrophotometer",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'alpha cm^\-1' \(p\. 8311\), sapphire, 'Kyropolous\-alpha' in the manufacturer column \(the growth method\), 6\.2 mm thick \(axis not stated\)\: the linear loss of Eq\. \(1\), dI/dz = \-alpha I \(base e\); 'The linear loss for each material was tabulated using spectrophotometer measurements and known values of refractive indices' \(Table 2 note\), i\.e\. the spectrophotometer transmission with the Fresnel reflection removed; it includes any scattering and impurity loss of the sample\. No uncertainty is given\. 'there are differences in linear losses associated with purity' among the silica grades \(abstract\)\.

patankar\_2017/beta\_Al2O3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_Al2O3",
     "material": "Al2O3",
     "file": "Al2O3/patankar_2017__beta_Al2O3.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "technique": "intensity-dependent transmission",
       "pulse_fs": 24000,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'beta cm/GW' \(p\. 8311\), sapphire, 'Kyropolous\-alpha' in the manufacturer column \(the growth method\), 6\.2 mm thick \(axis not stated\)\. dI/dz = \-alpha I \- beta I^2 \(Eq\. 1\), fitted \(least chi^2\) to the energy transmission against intensity with Eq\. \(2\) for a Gaussian beam and pulse, with the measured reflectivity and alpha \(reflection losses removed, \(1 \- R\) in Eqs\. 2\-3\)\. 24 \+\- 2 ps FWHM pulses at 213 nm \(the 5th harmonic of Nd\:YAG\), 1 Hz, F/265 focus of ~100 um \(1/e^2\), up to 5\.5 GW/cm2, horizontal linear polarization, normal incidence\. 'The error allocated to the best\-fit value of beta originates from uncertainties in the absolute laser intensity at focus\. The statistical errors associated with the fitting are negligible' \(p\. 8311\); the energy scale is taken as \+\-5 % at 2 sigma \(the 248\-nm calibration, p\. 8310\); the level of the printed \+\- is not stated\.

patankar\_2017/alpha\_SiO2\_1AK
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "alpha_SiO2_1AK",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/patankar_2017__alpha_SiO2_1AK.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "parameters": {
       "base": "e",
       "technique": "spectrophotometer",
       "form": "bulk",
       "grade": "Heraeus FS—1AK"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'alpha cm^\-1' \(p\. 8311\), fused silica, 10\.1 mm thick\: the linear loss of Eq\. \(1\), dI/dz = \-alpha I \(base e\); 'The linear loss for each material was tabulated using spectrophotometer measurements and known values of refractive indices' \(Table 2 note\), i\.e\. the spectrophotometer transmission with the Fresnel reflection removed; it includes any scattering and impurity loss of the sample\. No uncertainty is given\. 'there are differences in linear losses associated with purity' among the silica grades \(abstract\)\. Grade printed 'FS—1AK', manufacturer Heraeus; 'SupraSil—1AK' in the Fig\. 4 caption\.

patankar\_2017/beta\_SiO2\_1AK
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_SiO2_1AK",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/patankar_2017__beta_SiO2_1AK.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "technique": "intensity-dependent transmission",
       "pulse_fs": 24000,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk",
       "grade": "Heraeus FS—1AK"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'beta cm/GW' \(p\. 8311\), fused silica, 10\.1 mm thick\. dI/dz = \-alpha I \- beta I^2 \(Eq\. 1\), fitted \(least chi^2\) to the energy transmission against intensity with Eq\. \(2\) for a Gaussian beam and pulse, with the measured reflectivity and alpha \(reflection losses removed, \(1 \- R\) in Eqs\. 2\-3\)\. 24 \+\- 2 ps FWHM pulses at 213 nm \(the 5th harmonic of Nd\:YAG\), 1 Hz, F/265 focus of ~100 um \(1/e^2\), up to 5\.5 GW/cm2, horizontal linear polarization, normal incidence\. 'The error allocated to the best\-fit value of beta originates from uncertainties in the absolute laser intensity at focus\. The statistical errors associated with the fitting are negligible' \(p\. 8311\); the energy scale is taken as \+\-5 % at 2 sigma \(the 248\-nm calibration, p\. 8310\); the level of the printed \+\- is not stated\. Grade printed 'FS—1AK', manufacturer Heraeus; 'SupraSil—1AK' in the Fig\. 4 caption\.

patankar\_2017/alpha\_SiO2\_7980
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "alpha_SiO2_7980",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/patankar_2017__alpha_SiO2_7980.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "parameters": {
       "base": "e",
       "technique": "spectrophotometer",
       "form": "bulk",
       "grade": "Corning FS—7980 (ArF)"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'alpha cm^\-1' \(p\. 8311\), fused silica, 10\.1 mm thick\: the linear loss of Eq\. \(1\), dI/dz = \-alpha I \(base e\); 'The linear loss for each material was tabulated using spectrophotometer measurements and known values of refractive indices' \(Table 2 note\), i\.e\. the spectrophotometer transmission with the Fresnel reflection removed; it includes any scattering and impurity loss of the sample\. No uncertainty is given\. 'there are differences in linear losses associated with purity' among the silica grades \(abstract\)\. Grade printed 'FS—7980 \(ArF\)', manufacturer Corning, the ArF \(193 nm\) grade\.

patankar\_2017/beta\_SiO2\_7980
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_SiO2_7980",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/patankar_2017__beta_SiO2_7980.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "technique": "intensity-dependent transmission",
       "pulse_fs": 24000,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk",
       "grade": "Corning FS—7980 (ArF)"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'beta cm/GW' \(p\. 8311\), fused silica, 10\.1 mm thick\. dI/dz = \-alpha I \- beta I^2 \(Eq\. 1\), fitted \(least chi^2\) to the energy transmission against intensity with Eq\. \(2\) for a Gaussian beam and pulse, with the measured reflectivity and alpha \(reflection losses removed, \(1 \- R\) in Eqs\. 2\-3\)\. 24 \+\- 2 ps FWHM pulses at 213 nm \(the 5th harmonic of Nd\:YAG\), 1 Hz, F/265 focus of ~100 um \(1/e^2\), up to 5\.5 GW/cm2, horizontal linear polarization, normal incidence\. 'The error allocated to the best\-fit value of beta originates from uncertainties in the absolute laser intensity at focus\. The statistical errors associated with the fitting are negligible' \(p\. 8311\); the energy scale is taken as \+\-5 % at 2 sigma \(the 248\-nm calibration, p\. 8310\); the level of the printed \+\- is not stated\. Grade printed 'FS—7980 \(ArF\)', manufacturer Corning, the ArF \(193 nm\) grade\.

patankar\_2017/alpha\_SiO2\_8655
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "alpha_SiO2_8655",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/patankar_2017__alpha_SiO2_8655.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "parameters": {
       "base": "e",
       "technique": "spectrophotometer",
       "form": "bulk",
       "grade": "Corning FS—8655"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'alpha cm^\-1' \(p\. 8311\), fused silica, 10\.1 mm thick\: the linear loss of Eq\. \(1\), dI/dz = \-alpha I \(base e\); 'The linear loss for each material was tabulated using spectrophotometer measurements and known values of refractive indices' \(Table 2 note\), i\.e\. the spectrophotometer transmission with the Fresnel reflection removed; it includes any scattering and impurity loss of the sample\. No uncertainty is given\. 'there are differences in linear losses associated with purity' among the silica grades \(abstract\)\. Grade printed 'FS—8655', manufacturer Corning\.

patankar\_2017/beta\_SiO2\_8655
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_SiO2_8655",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/patankar_2017__beta_SiO2_8655.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "technique": "intensity-dependent transmission",
       "pulse_fs": 24000,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk",
       "grade": "Corning FS—8655"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'beta cm/GW' \(p\. 8311\), fused silica, 10\.1 mm thick\. dI/dz = \-alpha I \- beta I^2 \(Eq\. 1\), fitted \(least chi^2\) to the energy transmission against intensity with Eq\. \(2\) for a Gaussian beam and pulse, with the measured reflectivity and alpha \(reflection losses removed, \(1 \- R\) in Eqs\. 2\-3\)\. 24 \+\- 2 ps FWHM pulses at 213 nm \(the 5th harmonic of Nd\:YAG\), 1 Hz, F/265 focus of ~100 um \(1/e^2\), up to 5\.5 GW/cm2, horizontal linear polarization, normal incidence\. 'The error allocated to the best\-fit value of beta originates from uncertainties in the absolute laser intensity at focus\. The statistical errors associated with the fitting are negligible' \(p\. 8311\); the energy scale is taken as \+\-5 % at 2 sigma \(the 248\-nm calibration, p\. 8310\); the level of the printed \+\- is not stated\. Grade printed 'FS—8655', manufacturer Corning\.

patankar\_2017/alpha\_SiO2\_312
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "alpha_SiO2_312",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/patankar_2017__alpha_SiO2_312.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm-1",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "parameters": {
       "base": "e",
       "technique": "spectrophotometer",
       "form": "bulk",
       "grade": "Heraeus FS—312"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'alpha cm^\-1' \(p\. 8311\), fused silica, 10\.1 mm thick\: the linear loss of Eq\. \(1\), dI/dz = \-alpha I \(base e\); 'The linear loss for each material was tabulated using spectrophotometer measurements and known values of refractive indices' \(Table 2 note\), i\.e\. the spectrophotometer transmission with the Fresnel reflection removed; it includes any scattering and impurity loss of the sample\. No uncertainty is given\. 'there are differences in linear losses associated with purity' among the silica grades \(abstract\)\. Grade printed 'FS—312', manufacturer Heraeus\.

patankar\_2017/beta\_SiO2\_312
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "beta_SiO2_312",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/patankar_2017__beta_SiO2_312.csv",
     "table": "tbl_8426527ad90f",
     "quantity": "two_photon_absorption_coefficient",
     "unit": "cm/GW",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "primary",
     "uncertainty": {
       "column": true,
       "level": "not stated"
     },
     "parameters": {
       "technique": "intensity-dependent transmission",
       "pulse_fs": 24000,
       "polarization": "linear",
       "form": "bulk",
       "grade": "Heraeus FS—312"
     }
   }

Table 2, 'beta cm/GW' \(p\. 8311\), fused silica, 10\.1 mm thick\. dI/dz = \-alpha I \- beta I^2 \(Eq\. 1\), fitted \(least chi^2\) to the energy transmission against intensity with Eq\. \(2\) for a Gaussian beam and pulse, with the measured reflectivity and alpha \(reflection losses removed, \(1 \- R\) in Eqs\. 2\-3\)\. 24 \+\- 2 ps FWHM pulses at 213 nm \(the 5th harmonic of Nd\:YAG\), 1 Hz, F/265 focus of ~100 um \(1/e^2\), up to 5\.5 GW/cm2, horizontal linear polarization, normal incidence\. 'The error allocated to the best\-fit value of beta originates from uncertainties in the absolute laser intensity at focus\. The statistical errors associated with the fitting are negligible' \(p\. 8311\); the energy scale is taken as \+\-5 % at 2 sigma \(the 248\-nm calibration, p\. 8310\); the level of the printed \+\- is not stated\. Grade printed 'FS—312', manufacturer Heraeus\.

patankar\_2017/eg\_LiF
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "eg_LiF",
     "material": "LiF",
     "file": "LiF/patankar_2017__eg_LiF.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "band_gap",
     "unit": "eV",
     "abscissa": "none",
     "use": "check",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "R. C. Chaney, E. E. Lafon, and C. C. Lin, Phys. Rev. B 4, 2734-2741 (1971) [10]"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "kind": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'Band Gap/eV' \(p\. 8310\), printed '13\.6 \[10\]'\: a literature value quoted to compare with the two\-photon energy \(11\.8 eV at 213 nm\), not measured here; 'there is a range of values \(up to ~1 eV\) for material band gaps in the literature \[9\]' \(p\. 8309\)\. Ref\. \[10\] is a tight\-binding band\-structure calculation\.

patankar\_2017/n0\_LiF
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "n0_LiF",
     "material": "LiF",
     "file": "LiF/patankar_2017__n0_LiF.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "refractive_index",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "check",
     "parameters": {
       "assumed": true,
       "index_medium": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'n0 \(213 nm\)' \(p\. 8310\)\: the index used to reduce the transmission \('known values of refractive indices', Table 2 note\); its source and the index's reference medium are not stated\.

patankar\_2017/eg\_MgF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "eg_MgF2",
     "material": "MgF2",
     "file": "MgF2/patankar_2017__eg_MgF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "band_gap",
     "unit": "eV",
     "abscissa": "none",
     "use": "check",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "D. Ristau, ed., Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials (CRC Press, 2014), p. 270, Chap. 10 [9]"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "kind": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'Band Gap/eV' \(p\. 8310\), printed '10\.8 \[9\]'\: a literature value quoted to compare with the two\-photon energy \(11\.8 eV at 213 nm\), not measured here; 'there is a range of values \(up to ~1 eV\) for material band gaps in the literature \[9\]' \(p\. 8309\)\.

patankar\_2017/n0\_MgF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "n0_MgF2",
     "material": "MgF2",
     "file": "MgF2/patankar_2017__n0_MgF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "refractive_index",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "check",
     "parameters": {
       "assumed": true,
       "index_medium": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'n0 \(213 nm\)' \(p\. 8310\)\: the index used to reduce the transmission \('known values of refractive indices', Table 2 note\); its source and the index's reference medium are not stated\. Axis not stated\.

patankar\_2017/eg\_CaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "eg_CaF2",
     "material": "CaF2",
     "file": "CaF2/patankar_2017__eg_CaF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "band_gap",
     "unit": "eV",
     "abscissa": "none",
     "use": "check",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "D. Ristau, ed., Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials (CRC Press, 2014), p. 270, Chap. 10 [9]"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "kind": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'Band Gap/eV' \(p\. 8310\), printed '10 \[9\]'\: a literature value quoted to compare with the two\-photon energy \(11\.8 eV at 213 nm\), not measured here; 'there is a range of values \(up to ~1 eV\) for material band gaps in the literature \[9\]' \(p\. 8309\)\.

patankar\_2017/n0\_CaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "n0_CaF2",
     "material": "CaF2",
     "file": "CaF2/patankar_2017__n0_CaF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "refractive_index",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "check",
     "parameters": {
       "assumed": true,
       "index_medium": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'n0 \(213 nm\)' \(p\. 8310\)\: the index used to reduce the transmission \('known values of refractive indices', Table 2 note\); its source and the index's reference medium are not stated\.

patankar\_2017/eg\_BaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "eg_BaF2",
     "material": "BaF2",
     "file": "BaF2/patankar_2017__eg_BaF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "band_gap",
     "unit": "eV",
     "abscissa": "none",
     "use": "check",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "D. Ristau, ed., Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials (CRC Press, 2014), p. 270, Chap. 10 [9]"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "kind": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'Band Gap/eV' \(p\. 8310\), printed '9\.1 \[9\]'\: a literature value quoted to compare with the two\-photon energy \(11\.8 eV at 213 nm\), not measured here; 'there is a range of values \(up to ~1 eV\) for material band gaps in the literature \[9\]' \(p\. 8309\)\.

patankar\_2017/n0\_BaF2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "n0_BaF2",
     "material": "BaF2",
     "file": "BaF2/patankar_2017__n0_BaF2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "refractive_index",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "check",
     "parameters": {
       "assumed": true,
       "index_medium": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'n0 \(213 nm\)' \(p\. 8310\)\: the index used to reduce the transmission \('known values of refractive indices', Table 2 note\); its source and the index's reference medium are not stated\.

patankar\_2017/eg\_Al2O3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "eg_Al2O3",
     "material": "Al2O3",
     "file": "Al2O3/patankar_2017__eg_Al2O3.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "band_gap",
     "unit": "eV",
     "abscissa": "none",
     "use": "check",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "J. Olivier and R. Poirier, Surf. Sci. 105, 347-356 (1981) [11]"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "kind": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'Band Gap/eV' \(p\. 8310\), printed '8\.7 \[11\]'\: a literature value quoted to compare with the two\-photon energy \(11\.8 eV at 213 nm\), not measured here; 'there is a range of values \(up to ~1 eV\) for material band gaps in the literature \[9\]' \(p\. 8309\)\. Ref\. \[11\] is electron energy loss spectroscopy\.

patankar\_2017/n0\_Al2O3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "n0_Al2O3",
     "material": "Al2O3",
     "file": "Al2O3/patankar_2017__n0_Al2O3.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "refractive_index",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "check",
     "parameters": {
       "assumed": true,
       "index_medium": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'n0 \(213 nm\)' \(p\. 8310\)\: the index used to reduce the transmission \('known values of refractive indices', Table 2 note\); its source and the index's reference medium are not stated\. Axis not stated\.

patankar\_2017/eg\_SiO2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "eg_SiO2",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/patankar_2017__eg_SiO2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "band_gap",
     "unit": "eV",
     "abscissa": "none",
     "use": "check",
     "reproduced_from": [
       "eva_1996"
     ],
     "parameters": {
       "kind": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'Band Gap/eV' \(p\. 8310\), printed '9 \[12\]'\: a literature value quoted to compare with the two\-photon energy \(11\.8 eV at 213 nm\), not measured here; 'there is a range of values \(up to ~1 eV\) for material band gaps in the literature \[9\]' \(p\. 8309\)\. Printed on the FS—1AK row with \[12\] \(Eva and Mann 1996\) and without a reference on the other three grades\: 'Band gap is assumed to be the same for different grades of fused silica' \(Table 1 note\)\. eva\_1996 lists 7\.8 eV for fused silica and 9 eV for crystalline quartz \(its E\_gap column, from taylor\_1988\)\: the 9 eV quoted here is Eva's quartz value\.

patankar\_2017/n0\_SiO2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. code-block:: text

   {
     "id": "n0_SiO2",
     "material": "SiO2",
     "file": "SiO2/patankar_2017__n0_SiO2.csv",
     "table": "tbl_c8b5daab8ce4",
     "quantity": "refractive_index",
     "abscissa_unit": "nm",
     "use": "check",
     "parameters": {
       "assumed": true,
       "index_medium": "not stated"
     }
   }

Table 1, 'n0 \(213 nm\)' \(p\. 8310\)\: the index used to reduce the transmission \('known values of refractive indices', Table 2 note\); its source and the index's reference medium are not stated\. Printed 1\.5352 on all four fused\-silica rows\.

Formulas
--------

No formulas are recorded.

Corrections
-----------

No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.

Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register </register>` for the checks and decisions.