nie_2022 ======== Z\. Nie, N\. Nambu, K\. A\. Marsh, E\. Welch, D\. Matteo, C\. Zhang, Y\. Wu, S\. Patchkovskii, F\. Morales, O\. Smirnova and C\. Joshi, "Cross\-polarized common\-path temporal interferometry for high\-sensitivity strong\-field ionization measurements", Opt\. Express 30, 25696\-25706 \(2022\) `Source record `__ · :doc:`Catalogue ` · :doc:`Review register ` DOI: `10\.1364/OE\.463424 `__ **Source kind:** measurement **Recorded technique:** Cross\-polarised common\-path temporal interferometry \(pp\. 3\-5\)\: a weak linearly polarised probe pulse is split by a 2 mm calcite plate into a reference \(extraordinary\) and a probe \(ordinary\) pulse about 1\.6 ps apart, arriving before and after the pump; a second, orthogonal plate recombines them, and a Wollaston prism and a balanced photodiode \(Thorlabs PDB210A\) give a signal U proportional to sin\(phi\_0 \+ Delta phi \- pi/2\), linear in the plasma's phase shift Delta phi at the balanced position, Eq\. \(5\)\. Calibrated by rotating a birefringent plate without the pump \(2 pi = 1316\.4 motor steps, 4\.8 mrad per step; 15\.75 mV/mrad in the example of Fig\. 2, 'The signal amplitude error bar was about 10\-20 mV, which correlated to the phase error bar of about 0\.6\-1\.2 mrad', p\. 5\)\. The phase is Delta phi = int \(2 pi / lambda\_probe\) n\_p / \(2 n\_c\) dz, Eq\. \(7\), integrated along the probe and averaged over its profile \('In the experiment the measured phase shift must be averaged transversely', p\. 4\)\. Pump\: a Ti\:sapphire laser \(Spectra\-Physics Solstice ACE\), 1 kHz, 800 nm, 'energy stability of 0\.5% \(r\.m\.s\)', 'a Gaussian beam with a measured beam quality of M2 = 1\.25', bandwidth set to 30 nm so that 'the pulse duration of the 800 nm laser was 55 fs measured by Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric\-field Reconstruction \(SPIDER\)' \(p\. 5\); 400 and 267 nm pumps for H2 \(Table 1\)\. Static\-filled gas tube; the pressure is set so that the measured phase stays below 300 mrad \(0\.6 mrad is the smallest measurable\), from 3 to 1500 Torr for He, and the phases are normalised to one atmosphere\: 'This is reasonable because the phase shifts are linearly scaled with the gas pressure at the same laser intensity as long as self\-focusing of the ionizing laser is negligible', checked by monitoring the pump's spot size \(p\. 6\)\. **Materials in structured entries:** Ar, H2, He, Kr, Xe **Dataset quantities:** ionization\_phase\_shift **Contents:** 10 datasets; 0 formulas. Curation notes -------------- Journal pp\. 25696\-25706 = pdf pages 1\-11 \(Vol\. 30, No\. 14, 4 Jul 2022\)\. Identity checked on the first page \(eleven authors, UCLA and the Max Born Institute\) on 2026\-10\-01; the library's status is VALIDATED\_WITH\_WARNINGS \(figure\-grouping notices only\)\. Not to be confused with nie\_2025 \(Z\.\-L\. Nie et al\., a different paper\)\. WHAT IS MEASURED\. The phase shift Delta Phi \(rad\) that the electrons left by a pump pulse impose on a later probe, integrated along the probe's path and averaged over its transverse profile \('the measured phase shift must be averaged transversely because the intensities of both the pump laser and the probe laser are not uniform transversely \(focal volume averaging effect\)', p\. 4\), normalised to a gas pressure of one atmosphere, against the pump's peak intensity\. It is not an ionisation probability\: the authors compare it with models by computing the 3D ionisation fraction in the measured focus and the probe\-averaged phase \(Fig\. 3\(b\), \(c\); p\. 7\)\. The quantity is ionization\_phase\_shift; the beams' parameters needed to model it are the datasets' parameters \(Table 1, p\. 7, checked against the library table tbl\_01fff8291f09 by tools/extract/nie\_2022\.py\)\. 'Spot size' \(Table 1\) is the Gaussian beam radius w at the focus\: Fig\. 3\(b\) draws the pump's and probe's w\(z\) \('the spot size evolution of the pump and probe laser, respectively \(Gaussian beam with M2 = 1\.25 assumed\)'\), with minima at 60 and 42 um, Table 1's 60\.0 and 42\.0; its definition \(1/e^2 of the intensity, conventionally\) is not stated\. The probe wavelength\: 'when we use 800 nm pump laser, the wavelength of the probe beam is 400 nm; when we use 400 nm or 267 nm pump lasers, the wavelength of the probe beam is 800 nm instead' \(pp\. 8\-9\)\. The pulse durations are as printed; their measure \(FWHM of the intensity, presumably\) is not stated\. HOW THE INTENSITY WAS OBTAINED \(p\. 7\)\: 'By carefully measuring the spot size, pulse duration, laser energy and gas pressure at each experimental condition, we could accurately model the theoretical 3D distribution of the pump laser intensities based on these measured parameters'\. No uncertainty of the intensity is stated\. STATISTICS AND UNCERTAINTY\. 'At each experimental condition, we took 100 shots for statistics' \(p\. 6\)\. The figures' error bars are not defined \(their level is not stated\)\: taken here as the per\-point sigma \(half the bar's full length, in rad\)\. The caps of a bar symmetric in rad are not symmetric on the logarithmic axis; in Fig\. 6's drawing the upper half\-bar is 0\.94\-1\.03 times the lower in rad \(all 36 points\), so the bars are symmetric in rad, and Figs\. 3 and 4 agree within their pixels \(0\.83\-1\.12, the asymmetry tools/extract/nie\_2022\.py's bar\_asymmetry computes\)\. Where no bar shows beyond the marker, sigma is empty\: the bar is then shorter than the marker's half height \(Fig\. 3, 4\.5 pixels, 12 %; Fig\. 4, 3 pixels, 9 %\)\. Each dataset adds the digitising uncertainty as a relative uncertainty \(its notes\)\. The sensitivity is 0\.6 mrad \(p\. 5\); the measured, unnormalised phases were kept below 300 mrad \(p\. 5\)\. DATA AVAILABILITY \(p\. 10\)\: 'Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request\.' No number of a measured phase shift is printed in the text or a table; the values are therefore read from the figures \(data rule 8, TC\-699\) by tools/extract/nie\_2022\.py, whose docstring describes the reading\. EXTRACTED \(2026\-10\-01\)\. Fig\. 3\(a\) \(p\. 6, an embedded lossless image, 929 x 918 pixels\)\: the eight He points, the axes calibrated from 39 intensity ticks \(2\.2\-9\.8e14 W/cm2 in 0\.2 steps; log axis\) and 35 phase ticks \(2e\-3 to 9 rad; log axis\), every tick within 0\.21 and 0\.27 pixel of the fitted scales; one pixel is 0\.20 % in intensity and 2\.7 % in phase\. Fig\. 4 \(p\. 8, an embedded lossless image, 1153 x 543 pixels, three panels\)\: Ar, Kr and Xe, LP \(blue squares\) and CP \(red circles\), 57 points; the axes from the ticks inside each panel's frame \(Ar 10, Kr 9, Xe 10 intensity ticks, the long one under '10^14' being 1e14; 53 phase ticks, 1e\-3 to 1e3\), every tick within 0\.31 pixel of the scales; one pixel is 0\.79\-0\.94 % in intensity and 3\.0 % in phase\. The markers lie on theory curves of their own colour, so each is seeded at a pixel by inspection and located by rule \(the heaviest 6 x 6 window of its colour, then the weighted centroid\); the bars' caps likewise \(the script's FIG4\_CAPS\)\. Fig\. 6 \(p\. 9, a vector drawing\)\: H2, 36 points, the markers' and bars' vertices, the axes from the drawing's tick segments matched to the labels of its text layer, every tick within 0\.011 pt of the scales \(0\.1 % in phase\)\. The theory curves \(ADK, PPT, MO\-PPT, the fitted atomic \+ molecular mixtures\) and the Keldysh lines are not taken\. CHECKS\. \(1\) Every tick on its fitted scale \(above\)\. \(2\) The extracted points drawn on the images \(Figs\. 3, 4\) and inspected on 2026\-10\-01\: every marker captured once, the legends' excluded, LP blue and CP red not swapped, the bar ends on the caps\. \(3\) The pressures printed beside Fig\. 3\(a\)'s markers \(1500, 800, 400, 100, 50, 12\.5, 6 and 3 Torr, read on the image; the extremes are in the text, p\. 6\)\: the unnormalised phases they imply, value x p / 760 Torr, are 11\.6, 17\.8, 17\.2, 20\.4, 25\.6, 14\.0, 11\.9 and 11\.8 mrad, all of the same size, as the pressure was chosen to make them \(p\. 5\)\. \(4\) Fig\. 6's intensities fall on round numbers\: at 800 nm 6\.008, 8\.009, 10\.01, 12\.01 \.\.\. 48\.07e13 W/cm2 \(0\.1\-0\.2 % above 6, 8, 10, 12 \.\.\. 48\); at 400 nm 0\.995 times 3\.0, 3\.6, 4\.8, 6\.0 \.\.\. 24e13\. \(5\) The paper prints no number of the same quantity to check against\. Fig\. 3\(c\) draws the computed average phase for He at 5e14 W/cm2 \(PPT\-LP\) as a dashed line, at about 0\.27 rad by eye \(not printed\), and Fig\. 3\(b\) the ionisation fraction on a colour bar to about 5\.5e\-3 \(not printed\)\. The Fig\. 4 caption\: 'a maximum phase change of 500 rad corresponds to 100% ionization of these noble gases \(plasma density of 2\.7 x 10^19 cm^\-3\)'; the highest Xe points are read at 517 and 583 rad \(LP, 2\.37 and 2\.75e14 W/cm2\), above that 500 rad, and the theory curves of the panel reach about 600 rad\: the number is for one interaction length, not a ceiling, since the fully ionised column lengthens with the intensity \(TC\-817\)\. \(6\) Nambu et al\. 2026 \(JOSA B 43, 750, Fig\. 6, library Nambu\_2026\_StrongFieldPhysics\) says these Ar, Kr and Xe results 'are reproduced'; by eye its points lie at lower intensities for the same phase \(Kr CP's lowest, 0\.1 rad, near 6e13 there and 7\.3e13 here; Kr LP's 1\.9 rad near 6e13 there and 7\.3e13 here\), and it omits the lowest Ar LP \(0\.014 rad\) and Kr LP \(0\.49 rad\) points of Fig\. 4\. Point by point \(nambu\_2026, read from its vector drawing\), at equal phase Nambu et al\.'s intensities are 0\.88 to 0\.89 times these for Ar and Kr and 0\.82 for Xe \(medians\), alike for LP and CP \(TC\-818\)\. The pulse durations \(55 fs at 800 nm\) are those of the pump; the probe's are Table 1's \(130 fs at 400 nm, 55 fs at 800 nm\)\. **Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED\_WITH\_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents. Datasets -------- nie\_2022/fig3\_He ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig3_He", "material": "He", "file": "He/nie_2022__fig3_He.csv", "table": "fig_b4bda677c9ff", "digitised": "raster", "quantity": "ionization_phase_shift", "unit": "rad", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "columns": { "pressure": "torr" }, "uncertainty": { "column": true, "relative": 0.04, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 800, "pulse_fs": 55, "pulse_fs_definition": "as printed (Table 1; at 800 nm 'measured by ... SPIDER', p. 5); the measure, FWHM of the intensity presumably, is not stated", "polarization": "linear", "probe_wavelength_nm": 400, "probe_pulse_fs": 130, "pump_waist_um": 60.0, "probe_waist_um": 42.0, "waist_definition": "Table 1 'Spot size': the Gaussian beam radius w at the focus (Fig. 3(b)); 1/e^2 of the intensity conventionally, not stated", "pressure_atm": 1, "m2": 1.25 } } Fig\. 3\(a\), p\. 6, 'Expt\.\-LP' \(orange squares\)\: He, 800 nm pump, 55 fs, linear polarisation, 400 nm probe; Delta Phi normalised to 1 atm \(rad\) against the peak intensity \(W/cm2\), 2\.91\-7\.28e14 W/cm2, 5\.9e\-3 to 3\.0 rad; read from the image \(the record's notes\)\. The column pressure is the gas pressure printed beside each marker \(Torr; read on the image, the extremes 3 and 1500 Torr also in the text, p\. 6\)\. sigma\: half the error bar, where a bar shows beyond the marker \(5 of 8\)\. 4 %\: the digitising, 1\.5 pixels of 2\.7 % \(marker centre and pixel\); the intensity is read to 0\.2 % per pixel\. nie\_2022/fig4\_Ar\_LP ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig4_Ar_LP", "material": "Ar", "file": "Ar/nie_2022__fig4_Ar_LP.csv", "table": "fig_5947c22a506f", "digitised": "raster", "quantity": "ionization_phase_shift", "unit": "rad", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "relative": 0.05, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 800, "pulse_fs": 55, "pulse_fs_definition": "as printed (Table 1; at 800 nm 'measured by ... SPIDER', p. 5); the measure, FWHM of the intensity presumably, is not stated", "polarization": "linear", "probe_wavelength_nm": 400, "probe_pulse_fs": 130, "pump_waist_um": 60.0, "probe_waist_um": 42.0, "waist_definition": "Table 1 'Spot size': the Gaussian beam radius w at the focus (Fig. 3(b)); 1/e^2 of the intensity conventionally, not stated", "pressure_atm": 1, "m2": 1.25, "density_per_atm_cm3": 2.7e+19 } } Fig\. 4, p\. 8, panel 'Argon \(800 nm\)', 'Expt\.\-LP' \(blue squares\)\: Ar, 800 nm pump, 55 fs, linear polarisation, 400 nm probe; Delta Phi normalised to 1 atm \(rad\) against the peak intensity \(W/cm2\), 10 points, 5\.43e13\-3\.64e14 W/cm2, 0\.014\-229 rad; read from the image \(the record's notes\)\. sigma\: half the error bar where one shows beyond the marker \(7 of 10\)\. 5 %\: the digitising, about 1\.7 pixels of 3\.0 % \(the marker's centre, where a theory curve of the same colour crosses it, and the pixel\); the intensity is read to about 0\.9 % per pixel\. The caption\: 500 rad is 100 % ionisation \(2\.7e19 cm\-3\), approximate \(the record's notes\)\. nie\_2022/fig4\_Ar\_CP ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig4_Ar_CP", "material": "Ar", "file": "Ar/nie_2022__fig4_Ar_CP.csv", "table": "fig_5947c22a506f", "digitised": "raster", "quantity": "ionization_phase_shift", "unit": "rad", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "relative": 0.05, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 800, "pulse_fs": 55, "pulse_fs_definition": "as printed (Table 1; at 800 nm 'measured by ... SPIDER', p. 5); the measure, FWHM of the intensity presumably, is not stated", "polarization": "circular", "probe_wavelength_nm": 400, "probe_pulse_fs": 130, "pump_waist_um": 60.0, "probe_waist_um": 42.0, "waist_definition": "Table 1 'Spot size': the Gaussian beam radius w at the focus (Fig. 3(b)); 1/e^2 of the intensity conventionally, not stated", "pressure_atm": 1, "m2": 1.25, "density_per_atm_cm3": 2.7e+19 } } Fig\. 4, p\. 8, panel 'Argon \(800 nm\)', 'Expt\.\-CP' \(red circles\)\: Ar, 800 nm pump, 55 fs, circular polarisation, 400 nm probe; Delta Phi normalised to 1 atm \(rad\) against the peak intensity \(W/cm2\), 8 points, 1\.09e14\-4\.37e14 W/cm2, 0\.082\-136 rad; read from the image \(the record's notes\)\. sigma\: half the error bar where one shows beyond the marker \(3 of 8\)\. 5 %\: the digitising, about 1\.7 pixels of 3\.0 % \(the marker's centre, where a theory curve of the same colour crosses it, and the pixel\); the intensity is read to about 0\.9 % per pixel\. The caption\: 500 rad is 100 % ionisation \(2\.7e19 cm\-3\), approximate \(the record's notes\)\. nie\_2022/fig4\_Kr\_LP ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig4_Kr_LP", "material": "Kr", "file": "Kr/nie_2022__fig4_Kr_LP.csv", "table": "fig_5947c22a506f", "digitised": "raster", "quantity": "ionization_phase_shift", "unit": "rad", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "relative": 0.05, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 800, "pulse_fs": 55, "pulse_fs_definition": "as printed (Table 1; at 800 nm 'measured by ... SPIDER', p. 5); the measure, FWHM of the intensity presumably, is not stated", "polarization": "linear", "probe_wavelength_nm": 400, "probe_pulse_fs": 130, "pump_waist_um": 60.0, "probe_waist_um": 42.0, "waist_definition": "Table 1 'Spot size': the Gaussian beam radius w at the focus (Fig. 3(b)); 1/e^2 of the intensity conventionally, not stated", "pressure_atm": 1, "m2": 1.25, "density_per_atm_cm3": 2.7e+19 } } Fig\. 4, p\. 8, panel 'Krypton \(800 nm\)', 'Expt\.\-LP' \(blue squares\)\: Kr, 800 nm pump, 55 fs, linear polarisation, 400 nm probe; Delta Phi normalised to 1 atm \(rad\) against the peak intensity \(W/cm2\), 10 points, 5\.48e13\-3\.27e14 W/cm2, 0\.49\-395 rad; read from the image \(the record's notes\)\. sigma\: half the error bar where one shows beyond the marker \(2 of 10\)\. 5 %\: the digitising, about 1\.7 pixels of 3\.0 % \(the marker's centre, where a theory curve of the same colour crosses it, and the pixel\); the intensity is read to about 0\.9 % per pixel\. The caption\: 500 rad is 100 % ionisation \(2\.7e19 cm\-3\), approximate \(the record's notes\)\. nie\_2022/fig4\_Kr\_CP ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig4_Kr_CP", "material": "Kr", "file": "Kr/nie_2022__fig4_Kr_CP.csv", "table": "fig_5947c22a506f", "digitised": "raster", "quantity": "ionization_phase_shift", "unit": "rad", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "relative": 0.05, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 800, "pulse_fs": 55, "pulse_fs_definition": "as printed (Table 1; at 800 nm 'measured by ... SPIDER', p. 5); the measure, FWHM of the intensity presumably, is not stated", "polarization": "circular", "probe_wavelength_nm": 400, "probe_pulse_fs": 130, "pump_waist_um": 60.0, "probe_waist_um": 42.0, "waist_definition": "Table 1 'Spot size': the Gaussian beam radius w at the focus (Fig. 3(b)); 1/e^2 of the intensity conventionally, not stated", "pressure_atm": 1, "m2": 1.25, "density_per_atm_cm3": 2.7e+19 } } Fig\. 4, p\. 8, panel 'Krypton \(800 nm\)', 'Expt\.\-CP' \(red circles\)\: Kr, 800 nm pump, 55 fs, circular polarisation, 400 nm probe; Delta Phi normalised to 1 atm \(rad\) against the peak intensity \(W/cm2\), 10 points, 7\.28e13\-3\.63e14 W/cm2, 0\.095\-224 rad; read from the image \(the record's notes\)\. sigma\: half the error bar where one shows beyond the marker \(1 of 10\)\. 5 %\: the digitising, about 1\.7 pixels of 3\.0 % \(the marker's centre, where a theory curve of the same colour crosses it, and the pixel\); the intensity is read to about 0\.9 % per pixel\. The caption\: 500 rad is 100 % ionisation \(2\.7e19 cm\-3\), approximate \(the record's notes\)\. nie\_2022/fig4\_Xe\_LP ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig4_Xe_LP", "material": "Xe", "file": "Xe/nie_2022__fig4_Xe_LP.csv", "table": "fig_5947c22a506f", "digitised": "raster", "quantity": "ionization_phase_shift", "unit": "rad", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "relative": 0.05, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 800, "pulse_fs": 55, "pulse_fs_definition": "as printed (Table 1; at 800 nm 'measured by ... SPIDER', p. 5); the measure, FWHM of the intensity presumably, is not stated", "polarization": "linear", "probe_wavelength_nm": 400, "probe_pulse_fs": 130, "pump_waist_um": 60.0, "probe_waist_um": 42.0, "waist_definition": "Table 1 'Spot size': the Gaussian beam radius w at the focus (Fig. 3(b)); 1/e^2 of the intensity conventionally, not stated", "pressure_atm": 1, "m2": 1.25, "density_per_atm_cm3": 2.7e+19 } } Fig\. 4, p\. 8, panel 'Xenon \(800 nm\)', 'Expt\.\-LP' \(blue squares\)\: Xe, 800 nm pump, 55 fs, linear polarisation, 400 nm probe; Delta Phi normalised to 1 atm \(rad\) against the peak intensity \(W/cm2\), 9 points, 3\.93e13\-2\.75e14 W/cm2, 1\.22\-583 rad; read from the image \(the record's notes\)\. sigma\: half the error bar where one shows beyond the marker \(3 of 9\)\. 5 %\: the digitising, about 1\.7 pixels of 3\.0 % \(the marker's centre, where a theory curve of the same colour crosses it, and the pixel\); the intensity is read to about 0\.9 % per pixel\. The caption\: 500 rad is 100 % ionisation \(2\.7e19 cm\-3\), approximate \(the record's notes\)\. nie\_2022/fig4\_Xe\_CP ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig4_Xe_CP", "material": "Xe", "file": "Xe/nie_2022__fig4_Xe_CP.csv", "table": "fig_5947c22a506f", "digitised": "raster", "quantity": "ionization_phase_shift", "unit": "rad", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "relative": 0.05, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 800, "pulse_fs": 55, "pulse_fs_definition": "as printed (Table 1; at 800 nm 'measured by ... SPIDER', p. 5); the measure, FWHM of the intensity presumably, is not stated", "polarization": "circular", "probe_wavelength_nm": 400, "probe_pulse_fs": 130, "pump_waist_um": 60.0, "probe_waist_um": 42.0, "waist_definition": "Table 1 'Spot size': the Gaussian beam radius w at the focus (Fig. 3(b)); 1/e^2 of the intensity conventionally, not stated", "pressure_atm": 1, "m2": 1.25, "density_per_atm_cm3": 2.7e+19 } } Fig\. 4, p\. 8, panel 'Xenon \(800 nm\)', 'Expt\.\-CP' \(red circles\)\: Xe, 800 nm pump, 55 fs, circular polarisation, 400 nm probe; Delta Phi normalised to 1 atm \(rad\) against the peak intensity \(W/cm2\), 10 points, 3\.95e13\-3\.14e14 W/cm2, 0\.063\-434 rad; read from the image \(the record's notes\)\. sigma\: half the error bar where one shows beyond the marker \(1 of 10\)\. 5 %\: the digitising, about 1\.7 pixels of 3\.0 % \(the marker's centre, where a theory curve of the same colour crosses it, and the pixel\); the intensity is read to about 0\.9 % per pixel\. The caption\: 500 rad is 100 % ionisation \(2\.7e19 cm\-3\), approximate \(the record's notes\)\. nie\_2022/fig6\_H2\_800nm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig6_H2_800nm", "material": "H2", "file": "H2/nie_2022__fig6_H2_800nm.csv", "table": "fig_4b9d5a21931f", "digitised": "vector", "quantity": "ionization_phase_shift", "unit": "rad", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "relative": 0.002, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 800, "pulse_fs": 55, "pulse_fs_definition": "as printed (Table 1; at 800 nm 'measured by ... SPIDER', p. 5); the measure, FWHM of the intensity presumably, is not stated", "polarization": "linear", "probe_wavelength_nm": 400, "probe_pulse_fs": 130, "pump_waist_um": 60.0, "probe_waist_um": 42.0, "waist_definition": "Table 1 'Spot size': the Gaussian beam radius w at the focus (Fig. 3(b)); 1/e^2 of the intensity conventionally, not stated", "pressure_atm": 1, "m2": 1.25 } } Fig\. 6, p\. 9, panel 'Hydrogen \(800 nm\)', 'Exp\. data' \(blue squares\)\: H2, 800 nm pump, 55 fs, linear polarisation, 400 nm probe; Delta Phi normalised to 1 atm \(rad\) against the peak intensity \(W/cm2\), 11 points, 6\.01e13\-4\.81e14 W/cm2, 9\.2e\-3 to 357 rad; read from the vector drawing \(the record's notes\); the points lie along the MO\-PPT curve\. The phase counts electrons from both H2 \-\> H2\+ and the dissociation\-then\-ionisation pathway \(pp\. 8\-9\)\. sigma\: half the error bar, every point\. 0\.2 %\: the drawing's precision \(the ticks lie within 0\.011 pt of the scale, 0\.1 % in phase\)\. nie\_2022/fig6\_H2\_400nm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig6_H2_400nm", "material": "H2", "file": "H2/nie_2022__fig6_H2_400nm.csv", "table": "fig_4b9d5a21931f", "digitised": "vector", "quantity": "ionization_phase_shift", "unit": "rad", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "relative": 0.002, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 400, "pulse_fs": 130, "pulse_fs_definition": "as printed (Table 1; at 800 nm 'measured by ... SPIDER', p. 5); the measure, FWHM of the intensity presumably, is not stated", "polarization": "linear", "probe_wavelength_nm": 800, "probe_pulse_fs": 55, "pump_waist_um": 27.5, "probe_waist_um": 23.3, "waist_definition": "Table 1 'Spot size': the Gaussian beam radius w at the focus (Fig. 3(b)); 1/e^2 of the intensity conventionally, not stated", "pressure_atm": 1 } } Fig\. 6, p\. 9, panel 'Hydrogen \(400 nm\)', 'Exp\. data' \(blue squares\)\: H2, 400 nm pump, 130 fs, linear polarisation, 800 nm probe; Delta Phi normalised to 1 atm \(rad\) against the peak intensity \(W/cm2\), 12 points, 2\.99e13\-2\.39e14 W/cm2, 0\.033\-54\.5 rad; read from the vector drawing \(the record's notes\); the points lie along the fitted '10% atomic \+ 90% molecular' curve\. The phase counts electrons from both H2 \-\> H2\+ and the dissociation\-then\-ionisation pathway \(pp\. 8\-9\)\. sigma\: half the error bar, every point\. 0\.2 %\: the drawing's precision \(the ticks lie within 0\.011 pt of the scale, 0\.1 % in phase\)\. The beam quality of the harmonic pump is not stated \(m2 omitted\)\. nie\_2022/fig6\_H2\_267nm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "fig6_H2_267nm", "material": "H2", "file": "H2/nie_2022__fig6_H2_267nm.csv", "table": "fig_4b9d5a21931f", "digitised": "vector", "quantity": "ionization_phase_shift", "unit": "rad", "abscissa": "intensity", "abscissa_unit": "W/cm2", "use": "check", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "relative": 0.002, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "wavelength_nm": 267, "pulse_fs": 160, "pulse_fs_definition": "as printed (Table 1; at 800 nm 'measured by ... SPIDER', p. 5); the measure, FWHM of the intensity presumably, is not stated", "polarization": "linear", "probe_wavelength_nm": 800, "probe_pulse_fs": 55, "pump_waist_um": 25.0, "probe_waist_um": 23.3, "waist_definition": "Table 1 'Spot size': the Gaussian beam radius w at the focus (Fig. 3(b)); 1/e^2 of the intensity conventionally, not stated", "pressure_atm": 1 } } Fig\. 6, p\. 9, panel 'Hydrogen \(267 nm\)', 'Exp\. data' \(blue squares\)\: H2, 267 nm pump, 160 fs, linear polarisation, 800 nm probe; Delta Phi normalised to 1 atm \(rad\) against the peak intensity \(W/cm2\), 13 points, 5\.55e12\-7\.75e13 W/cm2, 0\.022\-28\.1 rad; read from the vector drawing \(the record's notes\); the points lie along the fitted '50% atomic \+ 50% molecular' curve\. The phase counts electrons from both H2 \-\> H2\+ and the dissociation\-then\-ionisation pathway \(pp\. 8\-9\)\. sigma\: half the error bar, every point\. 0\.2 %\: the drawing's precision \(the ticks lie within 0\.011 pt of the scale, 0\.1 % in phase\)\. The beam quality of the harmonic pump is not stated \(m2 omitted\)\. Formulas -------- No formulas are recorded. Corrections ----------- No dataset errata are recorded in this source record. Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register ` for the checks and decisions.