nibbering_1997 ============== E\. T\. J\. Nibbering, G\. Grillon, M\. A\. Franco, B\. S\. Prade and A\. Mysyrowicz, "Determination of the inertial contribution to the nonlinear refractive index of air, N2, and O2 by use of unfocused high\-intensity femtosecond laser pulses", J\. Opt\. Soc\. Am\. B 14, 650 \(1997\) `Source record `__ · :doc:`Catalogue ` · :doc:`Review register ` DOI: `10\.1364/JOSAB\.14\.000650 `__ **Source kind:** measurement **Recorded technique:** Spectral analysis after nonlinear propagation\: unfocused 120\-fs, 800\-nm, 45\-mJ Ti\:sapphire pulses \(~200 GW/cm2 at the beam centre\) through a 2\.5\-m tube of gas at 0\.2\-3 bar \(MgF2 windows, their SPM removed by using the empty\-tube spectrum as reference\); the centre of the beam \(1\-mm diaphragm\) is analysed by an iterative phase\-retrieval algorithm with an instantaneous nonlinearity \(Ar, Xe, SF6\) or an instantaneous plus rotational\-Raman response \(N2, O2, air\) as free parameters \(pp\. 650\-658\)\. **Materials in structured entries:** Ar, CH4, H2, He, N2, Ne, O2, SF6, Xe **Dataset quantities:** nonlinear\_index, polarizability\_anisotropy **Contents:** 27 datasets; 0 formulas. Curation notes -------------- Journal pages 650\-660 = PDF pages 1\-11\. Identity checked against the first page\. Air is not curated \(its values are skipped\); SF6 is curated\. DEFINITIONS \(pp\. 653\-655; SI\-style, not stated explicitly\)\. Eq\. \(1\)\: P\(3\)\(t\) = E\(t\) int\_0^inf \|E\(t \- tau\)\|^2 R\(tau\) dtau, E\(t\) = A\(t\) exp\(\-i omega t\) \(Eq\. \(2\), complex field\); Eq\. \(3\)\: R\(t\) = sigma\(omega\) delta\(t\) \+ \<\(2 pi/h\)\[alpha\(omega, t\), alpha\(omega, 0\)\]\>, sigma the electronic hyperpolarizability tensor\. Eq\. \(10\)\: phi\_NL\(t, z\) = \(2 pi / lambda\) z int n2\(tau\) \|E\(t \- tau, 0\)\|^2 dtau\. Eqs\. \(11\)\-\(12\)\: Delta n\_total = Delta n\_instant \+ Delta n\_rot\-Raman, Delta n\_instant = n2,instant I\(t\), 'The electronic and the rotational Rayleigh contributions give rise to an instantaneous nonlinearity' \(p\. 654\)\: n2,instant is NOT purely electronic for N2 and O2 \(it includes the rotational Rayleigh, Delta J = 0, part\)\. Eq\. \(13\)\: Delta n\_2,rot\-Raman\(t\) = Im\[n2,rot\-Raman sum\_J F\_J int I\(t \- tau\) exp\(\-i omega\_J tau\) dtau\]; Eq\. \(14\)\: n2,rot\-Raman = 32 pi^2 N beta\(omega\) / \(n0 h c\), beta = alpha\_par \- alpha\_perp \(Eq\. \(15\)\); Eqs\. \(16\)\-\(20\)\: F\_J = \(rho\_\(J\+2\) \- rho\_J\) Z\_J \(J \+ 2\)\(J \+ 1\)/\(2J \+ 3\), thermal rho\_J, Z\_J = 1 \(odd\), 2 \(even\) for N2, 1 \(odd\), 0 \(even\) for O2, omega\_J = 4 pi c B \(2J \+ 3\)\. Single\-beam self\-phase modulation\: n2 is the SELF coefficient\. TABLE 3 \(p\. 658; JSON cells, image checked; tools/extract/nibbering\_1997\.py\)\: 'Values of the Nonlinear Refractive\-Index Parameters of Gases Obtained with the Nonlinear Propagation Method by Use of 120\-fs Pulses at 800 nm', gas at '1\.0 bar/300 K'\: n2,instant \(1e\-23 m2/W\) Ar 1\.4 \+\- 0\.2, Xe 8\.1 \+\- 0\.8, SF6 1\.6 \+\- 0\.3, N2 2\.3 \+\- 0\.3, O2 5\.1 \+\- 0\.7 \(air 2\.9 \+\- 0\.4, an 'effective value calculated from the data for N2, O2, and Ar'\); n2,rot\-Raman \(1e\-28 m2/J; not extracted, no quantity\) N2 2\.3 \+\- 0\.4, O2 8\.5 \+\- 2 \(air 3\.6 \+\- 0\.8\); beta\(omega\) \(1e\-40 C2 m2/J\) derived N2 0\.74, O2 1\.4, literature \(Ref\. 20 = lin\_1976\) 1\.0, 1\.27\. The phase\-retrieval ambiguity made the algorithm find a 60\-70\-fs pulse instead of 120 fs \(p\. 657\); 'Note added in revision' \(p\. 659\)\: the ambiguity was later solved and the relative values confirmed\. Effective n2 for 120\-fs pulses \(p\. 658, text, 'n2,effective'\)\: N2 3 x 10^\-23, O2 8 x 10^\-23 m2/W \(air 4 x 10^\-23\)\. PART\. Ar, Xe\: 'electronic' \(atoms, instantaneous only\)\. SF6\: 'electronic\_vibrational' \(spherical top, no rotational Raman; the adiabatic vibrational part is inside\)\. N2, O2\: 'instantaneous' \(electronic plus rotational Rayleigh, as the paper defines it; the common trap\: 'instantaneous' is not 'electronic'; wahlstrand\_2012 finds 7\.4 and 9\.5 x 1e\-20 cm2/W against 23 and 51 here\)\. TABLE 1 \(p\. 651; image checked\)\: literature values at 1\.0 bar, reproduced\: Shaw et al\. \(Ref\. 9, Opt\. Commun\. 103, 153 \(1993\) = shaw\_1993\) at 248 nm with 10\-ps pulses, 300 K\: N2 7\.5 \+\- 2\.5, O2 30 \+\- 12, Ar 2\.9 \+\- 1\.0, CH4 11 \+\- 4, Ne 0\.06 \+\- 0\.02, He \-0\.02 \+\- 0\.01; Lehmberg et al\. \(Ref\. 8, Opt\. Commun\. 121, 78 \(1995\), not in the library\) Xe \-963 \+\- 112 \(SPA, SSPM; 'the large negative value for Xe is due to a two\-photon resonance at 249\.6 nm', p\. 657\)\. Air rows \(Refs\. 5, 6, 7, 9\) skipped \(Ref\. 6 = pennington\_1989\: 4\.2 \+\- 1\.1, 1 ns, 1053 nm, 293 K\)\. Structural fixes in the script\: the symbol font's '6' for \+\- and '2' for the minus sign \(He '20\.02 6 0\.01' = \-0\.02 \+\- 0\.01, Xe '2963 6 112' = \-963 \+\- 112; image checked\)\. TABLE 2 \(p\. 653; image checked\)\: 'Values of the Nonlinear Refractive Index n2,total Together with the Electronic Contribution n2,electronic of Gases, Both Estimated from Published Data on the dc Kerr Effect \[Carusotto\] and Electric\-Field\-Induced Second\-Harmonic Generation \[Mizrahi and Shelton\] \(Taken from Ref\. 1 \[hellwarth\_1990\]\)', 1 atm, 293 K, 800 nm; electronic 'Estimated for the long\-wavelength limit \(i\.e\., no dispersion effects included\)'\. Check \(2026\-09\-26\)\: n2,electronic = \(4 pi / c\) 12 pi \(sigma / 8\) x 1e7 with hellwarth\_1990's sigma gives N2 0\.721 \(0\.720 printed\), O2 0\.747 \(0\.746\), Ar 0\.936 \(0\.936\), H2 0\.551, He 0\.0348 x 1e\-23 m2/W\: Table 2's electronic column is Hellwarth's Table II converted\. The total column \(N2 4\.52\) lies between Hellwarth's c1111 at 694 nm \(4\.63\) and 1053 nm \(4\.44\) converted likewise\: formula\-B values near 800 nm\. Reproduced \(converted\) from hellwarth\_1990\. **Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED\_WITH\_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents. Datasets -------- nibbering\_1997/n2\_instant\_Ar ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "n2_instant_Ar", "material": "Ar", "file": "Ar/nibbering_1997__n2_instant_Ar.csv", "table": "tbl_e8b12922f707", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "electronic", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 120 } } Table 3, n2,instant \(1e\-23 m2/W\) at 1\.0 bar, 300 K, 120\-fs pulses at 800 nm\. Part 'electronic' \(source notes\)\. Self coefficient\. nibbering\_1997/n2\_instant\_Xe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "n2_instant_Xe", "material": "Xe", "file": "Xe/nibbering_1997__n2_instant_Xe.csv", "table": "tbl_e8b12922f707", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "electronic", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 120 } } Table 3, n2,instant \(1e\-23 m2/W\) at 1\.0 bar, 300 K, 120\-fs pulses at 800 nm\. Part 'electronic' \(source notes\)\. Self coefficient\. nibbering\_1997/n2\_instant\_SF6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "n2_instant_SF6", "material": "SF6", "file": "SF6/nibbering_1997__n2_instant_SF6.csv", "table": "tbl_e8b12922f707", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "electronic_vibrational", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 120 } } Table 3, n2,instant \(1e\-23 m2/W\) at 1\.0 bar, 300 K, 120\-fs pulses at 800 nm\. Part 'electronic\_vibrational' \(source notes\)\. Self coefficient\. nibbering\_1997/n2\_instant\_N2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "n2_instant_N2", "material": "N2", "file": "N2/nibbering_1997__n2_instant_N2.csv", "table": "tbl_e8b12922f707", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "instantaneous", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 120 } } Table 3, n2,instant \(1e\-23 m2/W\) at 1\.0 bar, 300 K, 120\-fs pulses at 800 nm\. Part 'instantaneous' \(source notes\)\: includes the rotational Rayleigh contribution\. Self coefficient\. nibbering\_1997/n2\_instant\_O2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "n2_instant_O2", "material": "O2", "file": "O2/nibbering_1997__n2_instant_O2.csv", "table": "tbl_e8b12922f707", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "instantaneous", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 120 } } Table 3, n2,instant \(1e\-23 m2/W\) at 1\.0 bar, 300 K, 120\-fs pulses at 800 nm\. Part 'instantaneous' \(source notes\)\: includes the rotational Rayleigh contribution\. Self coefficient\. nibbering\_1997/beta\_derived\_N2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "beta_derived_N2", "material": "N2", "file": "N2/nibbering_1997__beta_derived_N2.csv", "table": "tbl_e8b12922f707", "quantity": "polarizability_anisotropy", "unit": "SI", "scale": 1e-40, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "use": "primary" } Table 3, beta\(omega\) 'Derived' \(1e\-40 C2 m2/J = C m2/V, SI polarizability\)\: from the fitted n2,rot\-Raman through Eq\. \(14\)\. 'reasonable agreement' with the literature \(p\. 658\); no uncertainty stated\. nibbering\_1997/beta\_lin\_N2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "beta_lin_N2", "material": "N2", "file": "N2/nibbering_1997__beta_lin_N2.csv", "table": "tbl_e8b12922f707", "quantity": "polarizability_anisotropy", "unit": "SI", "scale": 1e-40, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "lin_1976" ] } Table 3, beta\(omega\) 'Literature' \(footnote a\: Ref\. 20 = lin\_1976\), i\.e\. Lin et al\.'s 9\.3 and 11\.4 x 1e\-25 cm3 converted to SI\. Wavelength not stated\. nibbering\_1997/beta\_derived\_O2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "beta_derived_O2", "material": "O2", "file": "O2/nibbering_1997__beta_derived_O2.csv", "table": "tbl_e8b12922f707", "quantity": "polarizability_anisotropy", "unit": "SI", "scale": 1e-40, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "use": "primary" } Table 3, beta\(omega\) 'Derived' \(1e\-40 C2 m2/J = C m2/V, SI polarizability\)\: from the fitted n2,rot\-Raman through Eq\. \(14\)\. 'reasonable agreement' with the literature \(p\. 658\); no uncertainty stated\. nibbering\_1997/beta\_lin\_O2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "beta_lin_O2", "material": "O2", "file": "O2/nibbering_1997__beta_lin_O2.csv", "table": "tbl_e8b12922f707", "quantity": "polarizability_anisotropy", "unit": "SI", "scale": 1e-40, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "lin_1976" ] } Table 3, beta\(omega\) 'Literature' \(footnote a\: Ref\. 20 = lin\_1976\), i\.e\. Lin et al\.'s 9\.3 and 11\.4 x 1e\-25 cm3 converted to SI\. Wavelength not stated\. nibbering\_1997/literature\_N2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "literature_N2", "material": "N2", "file": "N2/nibbering_1997__literature_N2.csv", "table": "tbl_5f0a7a95fe44", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "shaw_1993" ], "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 10000 } } Table 1, Ref\. 9 \(Shaw et al\. 1993 = shaw\_1993\)\: SSPM at 248 nm, 10\-ps pulses, 1\.0 bar, 300 K\. The 10\-ps pulses include the adiabatic rotational response of molecules\: part 'total'\. nibbering\_1997/literature\_O2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "literature_O2", "material": "O2", "file": "O2/nibbering_1997__literature_O2.csv", "table": "tbl_5f0a7a95fe44", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "shaw_1993" ], "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 10000 } } Table 1, Ref\. 9 \(Shaw et al\. 1993 = shaw\_1993\)\: SSPM at 248 nm, 10\-ps pulses, 1\.0 bar, 300 K\. The 10\-ps pulses include the adiabatic rotational response of molecules\: part 'total'\. nibbering\_1997/literature\_Ar ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "literature_Ar", "material": "Ar", "file": "Ar/nibbering_1997__literature_Ar.csv", "table": "tbl_5f0a7a95fe44", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "shaw_1993" ], "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 10000 } } Table 1, Ref\. 9 \(Shaw et al\. 1993 = shaw\_1993\)\: SSPM at 248 nm, 10\-ps pulses, 1\.0 bar, 300 K\. The 10\-ps pulses include the adiabatic rotational response of molecules\: part 'total'\. nibbering\_1997/literature\_CH4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "literature_CH4", "material": "CH4", "file": "CH4/nibbering_1997__literature_CH4.csv", "table": "tbl_5f0a7a95fe44", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "shaw_1993" ], "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 10000 } } Table 1, Ref\. 9 \(Shaw et al\. 1993 = shaw\_1993\)\: SSPM at 248 nm, 10\-ps pulses, 1\.0 bar, 300 K\. The 10\-ps pulses include the adiabatic rotational response of molecules\: part 'total'\. nibbering\_1997/literature\_Ne ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "literature_Ne", "material": "Ne", "file": "Ne/nibbering_1997__literature_Ne.csv", "table": "tbl_5f0a7a95fe44", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "shaw_1993" ], "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 10000 } } Table 1, Ref\. 9 \(Shaw et al\. 1993 = shaw\_1993\)\: SSPM at 248 nm, 10\-ps pulses, 1\.0 bar, 300 K\. The 10\-ps pulses include the adiabatic rotational response of molecules\: part 'total'\. nibbering\_1997/literature\_He ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "literature_He", "material": "He", "file": "He/nibbering_1997__literature_He.csv", "table": "tbl_5f0a7a95fe44", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "shaw_1993" ], "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 10000 } } Table 1, Ref\. 9 \(Shaw et al\. 1993 = shaw\_1993\)\: SSPM at 248 nm, 10\-ps pulses, 1\.0 bar, 300 K\. The 10\-ps pulses include the adiabatic rotational response of molecules\: part 'total'\. He\: \-0\.02 \+\- 0\.01 \(minus sign restored from the image\)\. nibbering\_1997/literature\_Xe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "literature_Xe", "material": "Xe", "file": "Xe/nibbering_1997__literature_Xe.csv", "table": "tbl_5f0a7a95fe44", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "R. H. Lehmberg, C. J. Pawley, A. V. Deniz, M. Klapisch and Y. Leng, Opt. Commun. 121, 78 (1995)" ], "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 10000 } } Table 1, Ref\. 8 \(R\. H\. Lehmberg et al\., Opt\. Commun\. 121, 78 \(1995\), not in the library\)\: \-963 \+\- 112 \(minus sign restored from the image\), 248 nm, 10 ps, two\-photon resonance of Xe at 249\.6 nm \(p\. 657\)\: resonantly enhanced and negative\. nibbering\_1997/hellwarth\_total\_N2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "hellwarth_total_N2", "material": "N2", "file": "N2/nibbering_1997__hellwarth_total_N2.csv", "table": "tbl_aa252cc4e383", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 101325.0, "temperature_k": 293.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "hellwarth_1990" ], "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self" } } Table 2, n2,total \(1e\-23 m2/W\) at 1 atm, 293 K, 800 nm, 'Taken from Ref\. 1' \(hellwarth\_1990\), converted from Hellwarth's c coefficients \(source notes\)\: the long\-pulse total \(electronic \+ adiabatic rotation and vibration\)\. nibbering\_1997/hellwarth\_total\_O2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "hellwarth_total_O2", "material": "O2", "file": "O2/nibbering_1997__hellwarth_total_O2.csv", "table": "tbl_aa252cc4e383", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 101325.0, "temperature_k": 293.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "hellwarth_1990" ], "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self" } } Table 2, n2,total \(1e\-23 m2/W\) at 1 atm, 293 K, 800 nm, 'Taken from Ref\. 1' \(hellwarth\_1990\), converted from Hellwarth's c coefficients \(source notes\)\: the long\-pulse total \(electronic \+ adiabatic rotation and vibration\)\. nibbering\_1997/hellwarth\_total\_Ar ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "hellwarth_total_Ar", "material": "Ar", "file": "Ar/nibbering_1997__hellwarth_total_Ar.csv", "table": "tbl_aa252cc4e383", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 101325.0, "temperature_k": 293.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "hellwarth_1990" ], "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self" } } Table 2, n2,total \(1e\-23 m2/W\) at 1 atm, 293 K, 800 nm, 'Taken from Ref\. 1' \(hellwarth\_1990\), converted from Hellwarth's c coefficients \(source notes\)\: the long\-pulse total \(electronic \+ adiabatic rotation and vibration\)\. nibbering\_1997/hellwarth\_total\_H2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "hellwarth_total_H2", "material": "H2", "file": "H2/nibbering_1997__hellwarth_total_H2.csv", "table": "tbl_aa252cc4e383", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 101325.0, "temperature_k": 293.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "hellwarth_1990" ], "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self" } } Table 2, n2,total \(1e\-23 m2/W\) at 1 atm, 293 K, 800 nm, 'Taken from Ref\. 1' \(hellwarth\_1990\), converted from Hellwarth's c coefficients \(source notes\)\: the long\-pulse total \(electronic \+ adiabatic rotation and vibration\)\. nibbering\_1997/hellwarth\_electronic\_N2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "hellwarth_electronic_N2", "material": "N2", "file": "N2/nibbering_1997__hellwarth_electronic_N2.csv", "table": "tbl_aa252cc4e383", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 101325.0, "temperature_k": 293.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "hellwarth_1990" ], "parameters": { "part": "electronic", "coefficient": "self" } } Table 2, n2,electronic \(1e\-23 m2/W\), 'Estimated for the long\-wavelength limit \(i\.e\., no dispersion effects included\)'\: hellwarth\_1990's sigma converted \(checked, source notes\)\. The table's 800\-nm column does not apply to it\: row LWL, wavelength inf \(the long\-wavelength limit; set in the script\)\. nibbering\_1997/hellwarth\_electronic\_O2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "hellwarth_electronic_O2", "material": "O2", "file": "O2/nibbering_1997__hellwarth_electronic_O2.csv", "table": "tbl_aa252cc4e383", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 101325.0, "temperature_k": 293.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "hellwarth_1990" ], "parameters": { "part": "electronic", "coefficient": "self" } } Table 2, n2,electronic \(1e\-23 m2/W\), 'Estimated for the long\-wavelength limit \(i\.e\., no dispersion effects included\)'\: hellwarth\_1990's sigma converted \(checked, source notes\)\. The table's 800\-nm column does not apply to it\: row LWL, wavelength inf \(the long\-wavelength limit; set in the script\)\. nibbering\_1997/hellwarth\_electronic\_Ar ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "hellwarth_electronic_Ar", "material": "Ar", "file": "Ar/nibbering_1997__hellwarth_electronic_Ar.csv", "table": "tbl_aa252cc4e383", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 101325.0, "temperature_k": 293.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "hellwarth_1990" ], "parameters": { "part": "electronic", "coefficient": "self" } } Table 2, n2,electronic \(1e\-23 m2/W\), 'Estimated for the long\-wavelength limit \(i\.e\., no dispersion effects included\)'\: hellwarth\_1990's sigma converted \(checked, source notes\)\. The table's 800\-nm column does not apply to it\: row LWL, wavelength inf \(the long\-wavelength limit; set in the script\)\. nibbering\_1997/hellwarth\_electronic\_H2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "hellwarth_electronic_H2", "material": "H2", "file": "H2/nibbering_1997__hellwarth_electronic_H2.csv", "table": "tbl_aa252cc4e383", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 101325.0, "temperature_k": 293.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "hellwarth_1990" ], "parameters": { "part": "electronic", "coefficient": "self" } } Table 2, n2,electronic \(1e\-23 m2/W\), 'Estimated for the long\-wavelength limit \(i\.e\., no dispersion effects included\)'\: hellwarth\_1990's sigma converted \(checked, source notes\)\. The table's 800\-nm column does not apply to it\: row LWL, wavelength inf \(the long\-wavelength limit; set in the script\)\. nibbering\_1997/hellwarth\_electronic\_He ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "hellwarth_electronic_He", "material": "He", "file": "He/nibbering_1997__hellwarth_electronic_He.csv", "table": "tbl_aa252cc4e383", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 101325.0, "temperature_k": 293.0 }, "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "hellwarth_1990" ], "parameters": { "part": "electronic", "coefficient": "self" } } Table 2, n2,electronic \(1e\-23 m2/W\), 'Estimated for the long\-wavelength limit \(i\.e\., no dispersion effects included\)'\: hellwarth\_1990's sigma converted \(checked, source notes\)\. The table's 800\-nm column does not apply to it\: row LWL, wavelength inf \(the long\-wavelength limit; set in the script\)\. nibbering\_1997/n2\_effective\_N2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "n2_effective_N2", "material": "N2", "table": "text", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "check", "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 120 } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 658\: 'one can estimate an overall effective value n2,effective for 120\-fs pulses at 800 nm, which is equal to 3 x 10^\-23 m2/W for N2'\. An estimate for this pulse duration \(electronic plus rotational\), one significant figure\: 'check'\. nibbering\_1997/n2\_effective\_O2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "n2_effective_O2", "material": "O2", "table": "text", "quantity": "nonlinear_index", "unit": "m2/W", "scale": 1e-23, "abscissa_unit": "nm", "state": { "pressure_pa": 100000.0, "temperature_k": 300.0 }, "use": "check", "parameters": { "part": "total", "coefficient": "self", "pulse_fs": 120 } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 658\: '8 x 10^\-23 m2/W for O2' \(n2,effective, 120\-fs pulses\)\. As n2\_effective\_N2\. Formulas -------- No formulas are recorded. Corrections ----------- No dataset errata are recorded in this source record. Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register ` for the checks and decisions.