matthias_1977 ============= E\. Matthias, R\. A\. Rosenberg, E\. D\. Poliakoff, M\. G\. White, S\.\-T\. Lee and D\. A\. Shirley, "Time resolved VUV spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation\: fluorescent lifetimes of atomic Kr and Xe", Chem\. Phys\. Lett\. 52, 239\-244 \(1977\) `Source record `__ · :doc:`Catalogue ` · :doc:`Review register ` DOI: `10\.1016/0009\-2614\(77\)80532\-0 `__ **Source kind:** measurement **Recorded technique:** Resonance fluorescence after pulsed excitation by synchrotron radiation \(SPEAR/SSRP 8 degree line, 0\.4 ns pulses every 780 ns; 1 m Seya\-Namioka monochromator, 2 Angstrom band pass; LiF window, so excitation above 1050 Angstrom; light 97 % plane polarised\)\. Fluorescence on a CsI/LiF photomultiplier \(1050\-1850 Angstrom, no wavelength selection\) perpendicular to the beam and its polarisation; time\-correlated single\-photon counting, time resolution about 1\.8 ns\. Gas at 1e\-6 to 1e\-5 Torr \(99\.995 %, flowing\); the decay fitted beyond the prompt \(Rayleigh\) peak, and the lifetimes extrapolated linearly to zero pressure to remove radiation trapping \(appendix\: Barrat's theory, tau = tau\_0 \+ K L N\)\. **Materials in structured entries:** Kr, Xe **Dataset quantities:** oscillator\_strength, radiative\_lifetime **Contents:** 5 datasets; 0 formulas. Curation notes -------------- Chem\. Phys\. Lett\. 52\(2\), 239\-244 \(1 December 1977\) = PDF pages 1\-6 \(journal page = PDF page \+ 238\); a scanned \(raster\) PDF\. Identity checked on the first page \(PDF p\. 1\: journal, volume 52 number 2, title, authors, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, received 9 August 1977, page 239\) on 2026\-10\-09\. Tables 1 and 2 checked cell by cell against the table images\. LEVELS\. The paper names the levels in jl notation in the abstract and the figures \('tau\(5s\[3/2\]1\) = 3\.18 \+\- 0\.12 ns, tau\(5s\[1/2\]1\) = 3\.11 \+\- 0\.12 ns; for Xe, tau\(6s\[3/2\]1\) = 3\.46 \+\- 0\.09 ns; tau\(6s\[1/2\]1\) = 3\.44 \+\- 0\.07 ns', p\. 239, the primes of the 2P1/2\-core levels omitted\) and as 3P1 and 1P1 in the tables \(captions\: 'the two transitions 3P1 \-\> 1S0 and 1P1 \-\> 1S0'\)\. Mapping to NIST \(src/optmat/data/external/ nist\_asd/\\_I\_lines\.tsv\)\: 3P1 = 5s\[3/2\]1 = 4p5\(2P\*3/2\)5s 2\[3/2\]\*, J = 1 \(Kr, 123\.5838 nm\) and 6s\[3/2\]1 = 5p5\(2P\*3/2\)6s 2\[3/2\]\*, J = 1 \(Xe, 146\.9610 nm\); 1P1 = 5s'\[1/2\]1 = 4p5\(2P\*1/2\)5s 2\[1/2\]\*, J = 1 \(Kr, 116\.4867 nm\) and 6s'\[1/2\]1 = 5p5\(2P\*1/2\)6s 2\[1/2\]\*, J = 1 \(Xe, 129\.5588 nm\)\. Evidence\: the column headings' wavelengths \(Xe 1470 and 1296 Angstrom, Kr 1165 Angstrom; Kr 1263 is a misprint, erratum\), Fig\. 2's '5s\(3/2\)1 1237 A' and '5s\(1/2\)1 1166 A', and the J = 1 levels being the only s levels with a resonance line\. TAKEN \(oscillator\_strength, use = check\)\: the f values of the row 'this work', the absorption oscillator strengths of the two resonance lines, 'Cumulative errors' \(p\. 242\: pressure, about 2 %, and statistics, about 1 %\)\. They are derived from the lifetimes, and three of the four are not the f of the paper's own printed lifetime \(below\), so they are a check, not a fit input\. FINDING \(internal consistency, the extraction script's checks\)\: every other row of both tables \(39 pairs of tau and f, measurements and theory\) obeys the Ladenburg relation f = eps0 m\_e c lambda^2 \(g\_u/g\_l\) / \(2 pi e^2 tau\), g\_u/g\_l = 3, at the NIST wavelengths to within 1 % \(Table 1's Ref\. \[15\], 2\.3 %\)\. The row 'this work' does not\: Kr 3P1, tau = 3\.18 ns gives f = 0\.216 against the printed 0\.208; Xe 3P1, 3\.46 ns gives 0\.281 against 0\.263; Xe 1P1, 3\.44 ns gives 0\.219 against 0\.229; only Kr 1P1 \(3\.11 ns, 0\.196 against 0\.197\) agrees\. The printed f values correspond to lifetimes of 3\.30, 3\.69 and 3\.30 ns\. The lifetimes are what the paper measured \(abstract, Figs\. 3\-4, text\), so its f values are the doubtful ones; the paper gives no conversion\. FINDING \(NIST\)\. NIST's A values \(accuracy A\+, tp\_ref T7227\) give 1/A = 3\.356 ns \(Kr 3P1\), 3\.236 ns \(Kr 1P1\), 3\.663 ns \(Xe 3P1\) and 3\.953 ns \(Xe 1P1\), each level's only decay \(the levels below are the ground state and the J = 0, 2 metastables of the same configuration\); the measured 3\.18 \+\- 0\.12, 3\.11 \+\- 0\.12, 3\.46 \+\- 0\.09 and 3\.44 \+\- 0\.07 ns are 5\.2, 3\.9, 5\.5 and 13\.0 % shorter\. NIST's f values are 0\.205, 0\.189, 0\.265 and 0\.191 against the printed 0\.208, 0\.197, 0\.263 and 0\.229\: within 1\.5 % for Kr 3P1 and Xe 3P1, 4 % for Kr 1P1, 20 % for Xe 1P1\. Matthias et al\. call Anderson's zero\-field level crossing \(Table 2, Ref\. \[5\]\: 3\.79 \+\- 0\.12 ns, f = 0\.256; 3\.17 \+\- 0\.19 ns, f = 0\.238\) 'the most reliable set of earlier results' \(p\. 242\)\. FINDING \(gornik\_1981\)\. Gornik et al\. take 'The f value of the 1S0 \-\> 6s\|3/2\|1 transition is 0\.28 \(Ref\. 18\)' \(their Table I caption\), Ref\. 18 being this paper\. This paper prints 0\.263 \+\- 0\.007; 0\.28 is the Ladenburg f of its lifetime 3\.46 ns \(0\.281\), and also the printed f of Table 2's Refs\. \[8\] \(Chashchina and Shreider, 0\.28 \+\- 0\.05\) and \[19\] \(Gruzdev, intermediate coupling, 0\.28\)\. Gornik et al\. \(Matthias a co\-author\) evidently converted the lifetime\. NIST's 0\.265 is 5 % below 0\.28\. TAKEN \(radiative\_lifetime, TC\-1011; use = primary\)\: the radiative lifetimes, the paper's primary results\: Table 1 'this work' Kr 3\.18 \+\- 0\.12 \(3P1\) and 3\.11 \+\- 0\.12 ns \(1P1\) \(tau\_Kr\); Table 2 'this work' Xe 3\.46 \+\- 0\.09 \(3P1\) and 3\.44 \+\- 0\.07 ns \(1P1\) \(tau\_Xe\); and the Xe 5p5\(2P3/2\)5d J = 1 level \(1192 Angstrom; NIST 5p5\.\(2P\*\<3/2\>\)\.5d 2\[3/2\]\* J = 1, 119\.2038 nm\), 'tau = 1\.40 \+\- 0\.07 ns' \(p\. 242 and abstract; in no table; tau\_5d\_Xe, inline\)\. The same values are in the abstract\. NIST's A values for the 5d\[3/2\]1 level \(119\.20 nm, 5\.93e8 s\-1, B\+; four infrared lines 0\.16\-2\.40e6 s\-1\) give 1/sum A = 1\.68 ns, 20 % above 1\.40 ns\. NOT TAKEN \(reproduced\)\: the other rows of Tables 1 and 2, other papers' lifetimes and f values \(Turner; Anderson; Wilkinson; Chashchina and Shreider; Vaughan; Kim et al\.; Griffin and Hutcherson; Geiger; Lu; de Jongh and van Eck; Wieme and Mortier; Delage and Carette; Dow and Knox; Gruzdev; Gruzdev and Loginov\), not needed beside NIST; Table 2's Ref\. \[7\] f '0\.260 \+\- 0\.20' is probably \+\- 0\.020 \(as printed in the image\)\. Not taken\: the figures \(decay curves, lifetime against pressure\: the slopes' ratios, Kr 1\.2 \+\- 0\.2 \: 1 and Xe 1\.9 \+\- 0\.5 \: 1\.0 \+\- 0\.3 \: 1\.0, appendix\)\. **Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED\_WITH\_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents. Datasets -------- matthias\_1977/f\_Kr ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "f_Kr", "material": "Kr", "file": "Kr/matthias_1977__f_Kr.csv", "table": "tbl_a11562a4d474", "quantity": "oscillator_strength", "abscissa": "label", "use": "check", "parameters": { "method": "resonance fluorescence lifetimes after synchrotron excitation, extrapolated to zero pressure; f from the lifetime" }, "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" } } Table 1 \(p\. 242\), row 'this work'\: absorption oscillator strengths of the resonance lines 3P1 \-\> 1S0 \(5s\[3/2\]1, 123\.58 nm\) and 1P1 \-\> 1S0 \(5s'\[1/2\]1, 116\.49 nm\), derived from the measured lifetimes\. Row\: the line; x\: the column heading as printed \(the 3P1 heading's 1263 Angstrom corrected to 1236 by an erratum\)\. The 3P1 value is 0\.963 times the Ladenburg f of the row's own lifetime \(record notes\); NIST\: 0\.205 and 0\.189\. matthias\_1977/f\_Xe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "f_Xe", "material": "Xe", "file": "Xe/matthias_1977__f_Xe.csv", "table": "tbl_b97e7277fc92", "quantity": "oscillator_strength", "abscissa": "label", "use": "check", "parameters": { "method": "resonance fluorescence lifetimes after synchrotron excitation, extrapolated to zero pressure; f from the lifetime" }, "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" } } Table 2 \(p\. 242\), row 'this work'\: absorption oscillator strengths of the resonance lines 3P1 \-\> 1S0 \(6s\[3/2\]1, 146\.96 nm\) and 1P1 \-\> 1S0 \(6s'\[1/2\]1, 129\.56 nm\), derived from the measured lifetimes\. Row\: the line; x\: the column heading as printed\. The values are 0\.937 \(3P1\) and 1\.043 \(1P1\) times the Ladenburg f of the row's own lifetimes \(record notes\); NIST\: 0\.265 and 0\.191\. gornik\_1981 quotes 0\.28 for 3P1 from this paper\. matthias\_1977/tau\_Kr ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "tau_Kr", "material": "Kr", "file": "Kr/matthias_1977__tau_Kr.csv", "table": "tbl_a11562a4d474", "quantity": "radiative_lifetime", "unit": "ns", "abscissa": "label", "use": "primary", "parameters": { "method": "resonance fluorescence after pulsed synchrotron excitation (1e-6 to 1e-5 Torr), time-correlated photon counting, extrapolated linearly to zero pressure to remove radiation trapping" }, "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" } } Table 1 \(p\. 242\), row 'this work', also the abstract\: the lifetimes of 3P1 = 5s\[3/2\]1 \(4p5\.\(2P\*\<3/2\>\)\.5s 2\[3/2\]\* J = 1\) and 1P1 = 5s'\[1/2\]1 \(4p5\.\(2P\*\<1/2\>\)\.5s 2\[1/2\]\* J = 1\), whose only decay is the resonance line\. Row\: the level; x\: the column heading as printed\. 'Cumulative errors' \(pressure about 2 %, statistics about 1 %; p\. 242\), level not stated\. NIST 1/A\: 3\.356 and 3\.236 ns\. matthias\_1977/tau\_Xe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "tau_Xe", "material": "Xe", "file": "Xe/matthias_1977__tau_Xe.csv", "table": "tbl_b97e7277fc92", "quantity": "radiative_lifetime", "unit": "ns", "abscissa": "label", "use": "primary", "parameters": { "method": "resonance fluorescence after pulsed synchrotron excitation (1e-6 to 1e-5 Torr), time-correlated photon counting, extrapolated linearly to zero pressure to remove radiation trapping" }, "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" } } Table 2 \(p\. 242\), row 'this work', also the abstract\: the lifetimes of 3P1 = 6s\[3/2\]1 \(5p5\.\(2P\*\<3/2\>\)\.6s 2\[3/2\]\* J = 1\) and 1P1 = 6s'\[1/2\]1 \(5p5\.\(2P\*\<1/2\>\)\.6s 2\[1/2\]\* J = 1\)\. Row\: the level; x\: the column heading as printed\. 'Cumulative errors', level not stated\. NIST 1/A\: 3\.663 and 3\.953 ns; Anderson's level crossing \(Table 2, Ref\. \[5\]\) 3\.79 and 3\.17 ns\. gornik\_1981's f = 0\.28 is the 3P1 lifetime converted \(record notes\)\. matthias\_1977/tau\_5d\_Xe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "tau_5d_Xe", "material": "Xe", "table": "text", "quantity": "radiative_lifetime", "unit": "ns", "abscissa": "label", "use": "primary", "parameters": { "method": "resonance fluorescence after pulsed synchrotron excitation (1e-6 to 1e-5 Torr), time-correlated photon counting, extrapolated linearly to zero pressure to remove radiation trapping" }, "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" } } 1 inline points in the source record. Text p\. 242 \('The lifetime of the 5p5\(2P3/2\)5d J = 1 state at 1192 A in Xe was determined in the same manner\. The result tau = 1\.40 \+\- 0\.07 ns'\) and the abstract \('the Xe 5p5\[3/2\]5d\[3/2\] J = 1 state'\); Fig\. 4's triangles\. NIST level 5p5\.\(2P\*\<3/2\>\)\.5d 2\[3/2\]\* J = 1 \(119\.2038 nm\); NIST 1/sum A = 1\.68 ns\. Level of the uncertainty not stated\. Formulas -------- No formulas are recorded. Corrections ----------- .. code-block:: text [ { "dataset": "f_Kr", "row": "3P1", "column": "x", "printed": "^3f(1263\\AA)", "corrected": "^3f(1236\\AA)", "reason": "The heading's wavelength of the Kr 3P1 -> 1S0 line has its digits transposed: the line is at 1235.84 Angstrom.", "evidence": "NIST ASD Kr I 4p6 1S0 - 4p5(2P*3/2)5s 2[3/2]* J = 1, 123.5838 nm (src/optmat/data/external/nist_asd/Kr_I_lines.tsv); the paper's Fig. 2 labels 5s(3/2)1 '1237 A'; Table 1's other rows (e.g. Turner, 4.14 ns and 0.166) satisfy the Ladenburg relation at 1236 Angstrom and not at 1263 (which gives 0.173)." } ] Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register ` for the checks and decisions.