kubel_2014 ========== M\. Kübel, A\. S\. Alnaser, B\. Bergues, T\. Pischke, J\. Schmidt, Y\. Deng, C\. Jendrzejewski, J\. Ullrich, G\. G\. Paulus, A\. M\. Azzeer, U\. Kleineberg, R\. Moshammer and M\. F\. Kling, "Strong\-field control of the dissociative ionization of N2O with near\-single\-cycle pulses", New J\. Phys\. 16, 065017 \(2014\) `Source record `__ · :doc:`Catalogue ` · :doc:`Review register ` DOI: `10\.1088/1367\-2630/16/6/065017 `__ **Source kind:** measurement **Recorded technique:** Phase\-tagged ion\-ion coincidence momentum imaging \(reaction microscope, REMI\) of N2O in 4 fs, 750 nm pulses at 10 kHz; the carrier\-envelope phase of every shot measured by a stereo\-ATI phase meter; linear or circular polarisation set by broadband wave plates; extraction field about 60 V/m; about one event per shot\. Non\-coincident N\+, O\+, N2\+ and NO\+ momentum spectra \(one half of the time\-of\-flight distribution, symmetrised\) and the two coincident channels N2O2\+ \-\> N\+ \+ NO\+ \(denitrogenation\) and N2O2\+ \-\> O\+ \+ N2\+ \(deoxygenation\), selected by momentum conservation \(pp\. 4\-5\)\. **Materials in structured entries:** N2O **Dataset quantities:** fragmentation\_branching\_ratio, kinetic\_energy\_release **Contents:** 6 datasets; 0 formulas. Curation notes -------------- PDF page 1 is IOP's download cover; pdf pages 2\-16 = article pages 1\-15\. Identity checked on pdf page 2 \(title, authors, New J\. Phys\. 16 \(2014\) 065017, DOI\)\. Material N2O for every dataset\: the channels name the ion that dissociates\. INTENSITY\. The paper prints one experimental intensity, in the caption of Fig\. 5\: KER spectra 'induced by linearly polarized pulses with an intensity of 1\.5 x 10^14 W cm^\-2' \(p\. 10\)\. How it was calibrated is not stated\. A semi\-classical model of the recollision asymmetries matches the data 'for an instantaneous peak intensity of I = 3\.0 x 10^14 W cm^\-2 and a pulse duration tau = 4\.1 fs' \(p\. 7\), a model parameter, not a measurement\. TEXT VALUES TAKEN \(p\. 9; TC\-966\)\: 'When analyzing the non\-coincident channels, it is found that the N\-N bond is 3\.5 times more likely to break than the N\-O bond\. This yield ratio is, however, likely dominated by the dissociation of the N2O cation\. In the coincident channels \.\.\. this trend is even more pronounced\. For the conditions of our experiment, the denitrogenation yield is 6\.2 times higher than the deoxygenation yield\. At about twice the intensity, the ratio slightly increases to 6\.7\. For circular polarization \(CP\) a ratio of 13 is observed'\. The KERs \(p\. 10\)\: deoxygenation 'a peak around 5\.8 eV and a pronounced shoulder at 7\.2 eV', denitrogenation 'a narrow distribution round 6\.8 eV'; in CP the deoxygenation KER distribution is 'slightly narrower' \(no number\)\. STATE ASSIGNMENTS \(p\. 10\)\: from the dication potentials of Taylor, Eland and Hochlaf, J\. Chem\. Phys\. 124, 204319 \(2006\) \(their Ref\. 50, not in the library\), the expected KERs 'read off from the diagram' are ~5\.8 eV \(3Sigma\-\) and 7\.0 eV \(3Pi\) for deoxygenation, 6\.8 eV and 11\.4 eV for denitrogenation; Taylor et al\. report that 3Pi dissociating along N\-N decays first by fluorescence to 3Sigma\-, so denitrogenation shows one peak\. Electron recollision populates the higher states that give O\+ with high KER\. Fig\. 1 \(adapted from Ref\. 50\)\: the lowest dication limits 28\.8 eV \(denitrogenation\) and 30\.9 eV \(deoxygenation\), the 3Pi N\-O limit 32\.4 eV; N2O's single and double ionisation potentials 12\.9 and 35\.5 eV \(p\. 3\)\. Reproduced values, not taken\. METASTABLE DICATION \(p\. 4\)\: no stable N2O2\+ is detected; a tail in the PIPICO spectrum of the denitrogenation shows a small fraction dissociating via metastable states with a lifetime estimated 'as a few 100 ns', in agreement with Field & Eland \(1993\); the deoxygenation shows no tail\. Not taken \(no number\)\. The 3Pi state may dissociate on a time scale comparable to or longer than the rotational period of 39\.77 ps \(quoted, p\. 12\)\. LOW\- AND HIGH\-ENERGY FRAGMENTS \(p\. 7\)\: each of N\+, NO\+, O\+, N2\+ shows a low\-energy part \(below 1 eV, non\-coincident only, attributed to the dissociation of the cation into the ion and a neutral\) and a high\-energy part \(the dication channels, plus for O\+ and above all N2\+ many non\-coincident ions\)\. No yields are printed\. NOT TAKEN\: Table 1 \(p\. 8\), the amplitudes A0 and phase offsets phi0 of the CEP asymmetry of the low\- and high\-energy parts of each fragment \(A0 1\.5\-3\.8 %\), and the CEP results of the text \(the 120 deg shift between single and double ionisation, about 20 % asymmetry of N2O\+, the 37 \+\- 7 deg shift of the deoxygenation\)\: no quantity holds CEP asymmetries, and they do not bear on the products of a pulse averaged over the phase\. Figures, all vector drawings\: Fig\. 4 \(kinetic energy spectra of the four fragments, non\-coincident and coincidence\-scaled\), Fig\. 5\(a\) \(the KER spectra of both coincident channels, maxima normalised to 1\), Fig\. 7\(a\) \(angular distributions\); none is digitised \(TC\-966\)\. **Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents. Datasets -------- kubel\_2014/denitrogenation\_over\_deoxygenation\_linear ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "denitrogenation_over_deoxygenation_linear", "material": "N2O", "table": "text", "quantity": "fragmentation_branching_ratio", "unit": "1", "abscissa": "label", "use": "primary", "parameters": { "channel": "N2O2+ -> N+ + NO+ (coincident pairs)", "reference": "N2O2+ -> O+ + N2+ (coincident pairs)", "excitation": "strong-field pulse", "wavelength_nm": 750, "pulse_fs": 4, "polarization": "linear", "detection_correction": "not stated (both channels are momentum-matched ion pairs)", "intensity": "I1: 1.5e14 W/cm2 (Fig. 5 caption, by our reading); I2: about twice I1" } } 2 inline points in the source record. p\. 9 \(TC\-966\)\: the coincident denitrogenation yield over the coincident deoxygenation yield, linear polarisation, averaged over the CEP\. Row I1 'for the conditions of our experiment', which we take as the one intensity the paper prints for linear pulses, 1\.5e14 W/cm2 \(Fig\. 5's caption; calibration not stated\); row I2 'at about twice the intensity'\. No uncertainty is printed; Fig\. 5\(b\)'s CEP modulation is a few per cent\. kubel\_2014/denitrogenation\_over\_deoxygenation\_circular ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "denitrogenation_over_deoxygenation_circular", "material": "N2O", "table": "text", "quantity": "fragmentation_branching_ratio", "unit": "1", "abscissa": "none", "use": "primary", "parameters": { "channel": "N2O2+ -> N+ + NO+ (coincident pairs)", "reference": "N2O2+ -> O+ + N2+ (coincident pairs)", "excitation": "strong-field pulse", "wavelength_nm": 750, "pulse_fs": 4, "polarization": "circular", "detection_correction": "not stated (both channels are momentum-matched ion pairs)", "intensity": "not stated" } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 9 \(TC\-966\)\: 'For circular polarization \(CP\) a ratio of 13 is observed'\. The intensity of the circular pulses is not stated\. No uncertainty is printed\. kubel\_2014/NN\_over\_NO\_bond\_noncoincident ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "NN_over_NO_bond_noncoincident", "material": "N2O", "table": "text", "quantity": "fragmentation_branching_ratio", "unit": "1", "abscissa": "none", "use": "check", "parameters": { "channel": "N-N bond breaking (N+ and NO+ fragments, non-coincident: N2O+ and N2O2+)", "reference": "N-O bond breaking (O+ and N2+ fragments, non-coincident)", "excitation": "strong-field pulse", "wavelength_nm": 750, "pulse_fs": 4, "polarization": "linear", "detection_correction": "not stated", "intensity": "not stated with the number" } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 9 \(TC\-966\)\: 'When analyzing the non\-coincident channels, it is found that the N\-N bond is 3\.5 times more likely to break than the N\-O bond\. This yield ratio is, however, likely dominated by the dissociation of the N2O cation\.' Which fragment yields were summed, and how the overlapping time\-of\-flight ranges were apportioned \(p\. 4\), is not stated; the cation and dication channels are mixed\. use = check\. Linear polarisation, the intensity of Fig\. 5 presumably \(not stated\)\. kubel\_2014/ker\_denitrogenation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "ker_denitrogenation", "material": "N2O", "table": "text", "quantity": "kinetic_energy_release", "unit": "eV", "abscissa": "none", "use": "primary", "parameters": { "channel": "N2O2+ -> N+ + NO+", "kind": "peak", "state": "N2O2+ 3Sigma- (assigned)", "wavelength_nm": 750, "pulse_fs": 4, "polarization": "linear", "intensity_w_cm2": 150000000000000.0 } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 10 and Fig\. 5\(a\) \(TC\-966\)\: 'the denitrogenation channel has a narrow distribution round 6\.8 eV'; linear, 1\.5e14 W/cm2, 4 fs, 750 nm\. Assigned to the 3Sigma\- state \(and 3Pi after its fluorescent decay to 3Sigma\-, Taylor et al\. 2006\); the expected value from their potentials is 6\.8 eV\. No uncertainty is printed\. kubel\_2014/ker\_deoxygenation\_peak ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "ker_deoxygenation_peak", "material": "N2O", "table": "text", "quantity": "kinetic_energy_release", "unit": "eV", "abscissa": "none", "use": "primary", "parameters": { "channel": "N2O2+ -> O+ + N2+", "kind": "peak", "state": "N2O2+ 3Sigma- (assigned)", "wavelength_nm": 750, "pulse_fs": 4, "polarization": "linear", "intensity_w_cm2": 150000000000000.0 } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 10 and Fig\. 5\(a\) \(TC\-966\)\: the deoxygenation KER spectrum 'features a peak around 5\.8 eV'; linear, 1\.5e14 W/cm2\. Assigned to 3Sigma\- \(expected 5\.8 eV from Taylor et al\.'s potentials\)\. No uncertainty is printed\. kubel\_2014/ker\_deoxygenation\_shoulder ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "ker_deoxygenation_shoulder", "material": "N2O", "table": "text", "quantity": "kinetic_energy_release", "unit": "eV", "abscissa": "none", "use": "primary", "parameters": { "channel": "N2O2+ -> O+ + N2+", "kind": "peak", "state": "N2O2+ 3Pi (assigned)", "wavelength_nm": 750, "pulse_fs": 4, "polarization": "linear", "intensity_w_cm2": 150000000000000.0 } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 10 and Fig\. 5\(a\) \(TC\-966\)\: the deoxygenation spectrum's 'pronounced shoulder at 7\.2 eV', a second, unresolved maximum \(kind 'peak'\); linear, 1\.5e14 W/cm2\. Assigned to 3Pi \(expected 7\.0 eV\)\. No uncertainty is printed\. Formulas -------- No formulas are recorded. Corrections ----------- No dataset errata are recorded in this source record. Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register ` for the checks and decisions.