hagemann_1975
=============

H\.\-J\. Hagemann, W\. Gudat and C\. Kunz, "Optical constants from the far infrared to the x\-ray region\: Mg, Al, Cu, Ag, Au, Bi, C, and Al2O3", J\. Opt\. Soc\. Am\. 65, 742\-744 \(1975\)

`Source record <https://github.com/LupoLab/optmat/blob/main/src/optmat/data/sources/hagemann_1975.toml>`__ · :doc:`Catalogue </the-data/sources>` · :doc:`Review register </register>`

DOI: `10\.1364/JOSA\.65\.000742 <https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.65.000742>`__

**Source kind:** compilation

**Recorded technique:** A self\-consistent set of optical constants from 1e\-3 to 1e6 eV for Mg, Al, Cu, Ag, Au, Bi, C and Al2O3, built by Kramers\-Kronig analysis of the authors' transmittance measurements combined with the literature\. The authors' measurements\: transmittance of thin films between 13 and 150 eV with the DESY synchrotron, a fixed\-exit\-slit grazing\-incidence monochromator and a two\-beam optical densitometer; films vacuum\-evaporated \(~5e\-7 torr\), from under 100 A to 600 A thick, protected against oxidation by 50 A of carbon evaporated in situ on both sides; thickness by an oscillating\-quartz monitor, accurate to \<= \+\-10 A \(p\. 742\)\. Outside 15\-150 eV the data are other authors' \(reflectance in the infrared, visible and near UV; absorption in the x\-ray region from Hubbell\)\. One of three procedures per substance\: \(1\) Kramers\-Kronig analysis of the absorption spectrum where mu could be determined from transmittance; \(2\) where only reflectance was available \(infrared to near UV\), the reflection phase by Kramers\-Kronig, combined with the vuv and x\-ray absorption into a complete absorption spectrum; \(3\) for Au and Ag, whose reflectance is large between 20 and 50 eV, a complete transmittance spectrum and the Kramers\-Kronig phase of the transmitted beam \(after Nilsson\) \(p\. 742\)\.

**Materials in structured entries:** None recorded.

**Dataset quantities:** None recorded.

**Contents:** 0 datasets; 0 formulas.

Curation notes
--------------

Journal pages 742\-744 = PDF pages 1\-3\. Identity checked against the first page \(the library flags warnings on the bibliographic record only\)\. Nothing is extracted\: this Letter prints the optical constants only as figures, and its numerical tables are in the DESY report\.

THE TABLES ARE IN DESY REPORT SR\-74/7, NOW THE SOURCE hagemann\_1974\. 'A comprehensive publication of our results \[Ref\. 1\] is available from the Deutsches Elektronen\-Synchrotron DESY\. That report contains numerical tables and graphs of the optical functions of the eight substances investigated\: reflectivity R, absorption coefficient mu, energy loss \-Im epsilon^\-1, refractive index n \+ ik, dielectric constant epsilon\_1 \+ i epsilon\_2, and the numerical evaluation of five sum rules' \(p\. 742\)\. Ref\. 1\: H\.\-J\. Hagemann, W\. Gudat and C\. Kunz, DESY SR\-74/7 \(Hamburg, 1974\), in the library since 2026\-09\-28 and recorded as hagemann\_1974\: its Tables 2\-6 and 9 \(Al, Cu, Ag, Au in two versions, amorphous Al2O3\) are extracted there, with the data behind each energy range \('the origin or the analysis of the data finally chosen \[and\] the way of combining them', p\. 742\) in that record's notes\. This Letter holds no numbers of its own beyond Table I, which reproduces the report's Table 10 \(below\)\. solprop cites this work for Ag below 0\.017 um and above 24\.8 um, and for Al below 0\.138 um, through the refractiveindex\.info Ag/Hagemann and Al/Hagemann pages \(their data from the DESY report, i\.e\. hagemann\_1974\)\.

WHAT THE LETTER SAYS OF THE RANGES\. The 15\-150 eV data 'originate from the present measurements, except for carbon' \(glassy\-carbon data of Williams and Arakawa used instead of the authors' evaporated carbon\) \(p\. 743\)\. Figs\. 1\-8 show the final absorption coefficient mu against photon energy for each substance with literature data for comparison \(Al, Fig\. 2\: Gahwiller and Brown, Fomichev and Lukirskii, Haensel et al\.; Cu, Fig\. 3, and Ag, Fig\. 4\: Haensel et al\.; Au, Fig\. 5\: Jaegle and Missoni, Haensel et al\., Lukirskii et al\.\)\. 'Quite generally, our results give the highest absorption coefficients in the energy region below 100 eV\. We feel that high values are more reliable because most systematic errors, such as from stray light and from higher orders, tend to diminish the apparent absorption coefficient' \(pp\. 743\-744\)\. No uncertainty is given for the optical constants\.

TABLE I \(tbl\_bad4ffdcb6dd, p\. 742; image checked\)\: the sum\-rule evaluation\. Columns\: n\_0 \(conduction electrons\), Delta n\_cond \(integral of omega epsilon\_2 to the first core onset\), Delta n\_K \(integral of mu above the K onset\), Z, and n\_eff from epsilon\_2, from mu and from Im\(\-1/epsilon\), each with its deviation from Z\. Mg\: 2, 2\.2, 1\.3, 12; 12\.2 \(\+1\.7 %\), 12\.6 \(\+5 %\), 12\.6 \(\+5 %\)\. Al\: 3, 2\.8, 1\.5, 13; 13\.4 \(\+3 %\), 13\.6 \(\+4\.5 %\), 13\.6 \(\+4\.5 %\)\. Cu\: 1, 0\.6, 1\.2, 29; 27\.6 \(\-5 %\) in all three\. Ag\: 1, 0\.9, 1\.3, 47; 47\.5 \(\+1 %\), 47\.7 \(\+1\.5 %\), 47\.6 \(\+1\.3 %\)\. Au\: 1, 0\.9, 1\.3, 79; 78\.9 \(\-0\.1 %\), 79\.0 \(0 %\), 79\.0 \(0 %\)\. Bi\: \-, \-, 1\.25, 83; 82\.3 \(\-1 %\) in all three\. C\: \-, \-, 2\.0, 6; 6\.1 \(\+1\.7 %\), 6\.1 \(\+1\.7 %\), 6\.2 \(\+3\.3 %\)\. Al2O3\: Z = 50; 50\.6 \(\+1\.2 %\), 50\.3 \(\+0\.6 %\), 50\.2 \(\+0\.4 %\)\. n\_eff has no quantity\: notes only\. Reproduced from the report\: every entry equals the report's Table 10 \(hagemann\_1974, printed on the back of its errata sheet, PDF p\. 3; compared value for value, 2026\-09\-28\)\. The sum rules for mu, \(n \- 1\) and \(n \- 1\) against energy 'was found to approach zero for all eight substances' \(p\. 744\)\.

MATERIALS\. Mg, Bi and C \(and Al2O3, registered as sapphire and as amorphous alumina, of which the paper does not say which it measured\) have no data here and are not registered for this record\.

**Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED\_WITH\_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents.

Datasets
--------

No datasets are recorded.

Formulas
--------

No formulas are recorded.

Corrections
-----------

No dataset errata are recorded in this source record.

Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register </register>` for the checks and decisions.