brandi_2002 =========== F\. Brandi, W\. Hogervorst and W\. Ubachs, "High\-resolution vacuum\-ultraviolet and ultraviolet photoionization spectroscopy of krypton", J\. Phys\. B\: At\. Mol\. Opt\. Phys\. 35, 1071 \(2002\) `Source record `__ · :doc:`Catalogue ` · :doc:`Review register ` DOI: `10\.1088/0953\-4075/35/4/329 `__ **Source kind:** measurement **Recorded technique:** Resonance\-enhanced photoionisation of krypton in a skimmed, collimated atomic beam crossed by the laser beams \(collision\-free\), the ions mass\-resolved by time of flight so that all six stable isotopes are recorded\: 1VUV \+ 1UV to 5d\[1/2\]1 \(96\.3 nm\) and 6s\[3/2\]1 \(100\.1 nm\), the VUV the third harmonic in a xenon jet of the doubled output of a pulsed dye amplifier \(6 ns, 10 Hz\) seeded by a cw ring dye laser; 2UV \+ 1UV to 5p\[1/2\]0 \(212\.6 nm\), 5p\[3/2\]2 \(214\.8 nm\) and 5p\[5/2\]2 \(216\.7 nm\), the UV the amplifier's third harmonic \(KD\*P doubling, BBO type\-I mixing, about 1 mJ\), unfocused for the spectroscopy and focused by a 1 m lens for the ac Stark shift \(Table 1, Sec\. 2\)\. Absolute frequencies from the cw seed against I2 saturation lines \(the 't' hyperfine components, 1 MHz\) and a stabilised confocal etalon, times 6; the amplifier's chirp is the main systematic error \(30 MHz allowed, Sec\. 3\.2\)\. **Materials in structured entries:** Kr **Dataset quantities:** ionization\_energy, level\_energy, light\_shift\_coefficient **Contents:** 6 datasets; 0 formulas. Curation notes -------------- J\. Phys\. B\: At\. Mol\. Opt\. Phys\. 35, 1071\-1084 \(2002\) = PDF pages 1\-14 \(journal page = PDF page \+ 1070\)\. Identity checked against the first page \(journal, volume, pages, authors, title, received 15 November 2001, published 13 February 2002\)\. Level labels\: the paper uses jl coupling without the core, all its levels having the 2P3/2 core; NIST's \(data/external/nist\_asd/Kr\_I\_levels\.tsv\) are 5d\[1/2\]1 = 4s2\.4p5\.\(2P\*\<3/2\>\)\.5d 2\[1/2\]\* J = 1, 6s\[3/2\]1 = 4s2\.4p5\.\(2P\*\<3/2\>\)\.6s 2\[3/2\]\* J = 1, 5p\[1/2\]0 = 4s2\.4p5\.\(2P\*\<3/2\>\)\.5p 2\[1/2\] J = 0 \(also the 5p\[3/2\]2 and 5p\[5/2\]2 of the isotope shifts = \(2P\*\<3/2\>\)\.5p 2\[3/2\] J = 2 and 2\[5/2\] J = 2\)\. The mapping is the energy and J\: each Table 4 energy is within 0\.008 cm^\-1 of the NIST level so named; the nearest other NIST levels are 40 cm^\-1 \(6p 2\[1/2\] J = 0, even, below 5d\[1/2\]1\), 248 cm^\-1 \(4d 2\[3/2\]\* J = 1, below 6s\[3/2\]1\) and 970 cm^\-1 \(5p 2\[3/2\] J = 2, below 5p\[1/2\]0\) away\. The 5p levels of the isotope shifts carry no energy here\. WHAT IS TAKEN \(tools/extract/brandi\_2002\.py\)\. Table 4 \(p\. 1079\)\: the energies of 5d\[1/2\]1, 6s\[3/2\]1 and 5p\[1/2\]0 of 86Kr above the ground level, cm^\-1, three level\_energy datasets \(one file each\)\. The 5p\[1/2\]0 energy is the two\-photon transition \(2 x 212\.55 nm\), measured unfocused \(at most 0\.2 MW cm^\-2, where the ac Stark shift below is 0\.15 MHz\)\. The uncertainties \(12\-14 in the last digits, 36\-42 MHz\) combine the statistical standard deviation, a residual chirp of 30 MHz, a Doppler allowance of 20 MHz and the etalon's free spectral range \(p\. 1078\-1079\); their level is not stated\. The text, p\. 1079 and the abstract\: the ionisation energy of 86Kr, 'E86 = 112 914\.516\(14\) cm\-1', inline, use = check\: it is Yoon and Glab's Rydberg\-series limit \(112 914\.500\(14\), J\. Phys\. B 27, 4133 \(1994\), not in the library\) moved by this paper's correction of their 5p\[3/2\]1,2 initial energies \(\+0\.012\) and the 84Kr\-86Kr shift of those levels \(about 0\.004, from Kaufman 1993\)\: a derived value, isotope specific\. CHECKED \(the script\)\. The text's mean and standard deviation of the three differences from Kaufman and Humphreys \(\-0\.0558 and 0\.0005 cm^\-1\) from the printed differences \(\-0\.0559, \-0\.0553, \-0\.0563\)\. Against NIST's Kr I levels, which name no isotope\: the 86Kr energies lie 0\.0073 \(5d\[1/2\]1\), 0\.0043 \(6s\[3/2\]1\) and 0\.0047 cm^\-1 \(5p\[1/2\]0\) above NIST's 103 801\.7929, 99 894\.0485 and 94 092\.8626; moved to 84Kr by the paper's own isotope shifts \(Table 2, Delta^{84,86} = \-206, \-112, \-138 MHz\) they are 103 801\.7933, 99 894\.0491 and 94 092\.8627, within 0\.0004, 0\.0006 and 0\.0001 cm^\-1 of NIST \(the script requires 0\.001\)\. NIST's values are therefore those of 84Kr \(natural Kr, 57 % 84Kr\) on this paper's calibration; NIST gives these three levels no bibliographic key or uncertainty in the held file\. NIST's ionisation limit, 112 914\.433\(16\) cm^\-1 \(the file's Limit row; nist\_asd\_2026 ie\_Kr\_I, 13\.9996055 eV\), is 0\.083 cm^\-1 below this paper's 86Kr value and 0\.067 below the 112 914\.50\(2\) of Klar et al\. \(J\. Phys\. B 34, 1549 \(2001\), not in the library\) that the paper calls consistent with it \(p\. 1079\)\: the difference exceeds both uncertainties; the isotope shift of the limit \(about 0\.008 cm^\-1 per two mass units, Kaufman, p\. 1079\) does not explain it\. All cells taken were checked against the table images; the text values on the PDF's text layer \(pp\. 1071, 1079, 1081, 1082\)\. ALSO TAKEN \(light\_shift\_coefficient, TC\-1011; inline, text values\)\. \(1\) ls\_5p12\_0\: the ac Stark shift of the two\-photon 4p6 \- 5p\[1/2\]0 transition of 84Kr \(Sec\. 3\.3, p\. 1081; abstract; conclusions\)\: 'a slope of 0\.75\(48\) Hz \(W cm\-2\)\-1, where 50% uncertainty on the actual power density is considered', a blue shift of the transition \(2UV\) frequency, linear for power densities up to about 260 MW cm^\-2 \(Fig\. 4, a weighted linear fit\); sub\-linear at 2\.6 GW cm^\-2 with an asymmetric line \(FWHM about 2\.3 GHz, tail to the blue\)\. The power density \(p\. 1080\) is that of the UV pulse focused by a 1 m lens to about 90 um diameter \(Gaussian beam assumed\)\: 'about 2\.6 GW cm\-2 at 1 mJ/pulse energy' with the 6 ns pulses, 50 % uncertainty 'related to possible hot spots'; the confocal parameter \(6 cm\) exceeds the Kr beam \(a few mm\), so the intensity is taken as uniform\. use = primary \(the paper's own measurement\)\. The abscissa is the photon's vacuum wavelength, 212\.55 nm \(p\. 1072; 2 x 212\.556 nm from Table 4's 94 092\.8673 cm^\-1\)\. The polarisation is not stated \(the UV is the type\-I BBO mixing product, p\. 1074\)\. \(2\) ls\_5p12\_0\_stoicheff\: the Stoicheff group's '2\.6\(1\.1\) Hz \(W cm\-2\)\-1' \(p\. 1082\), from resonance\-enhanced THG in a jet of natural Kr, which the paper calls 'not completely compatible with our finding, although of the same order of magnitude'\: use = reproduced, from Balakrishnan, Smith and Stoicheff, Phys\. Rev\. Lett\. 68, 2149 \(1992\) and Phys\. Rev\. A 48, 2460 \(1994\) as the reference list prints them \(not in the library\); their intensity definition is not given here\. NOT TAKEN \(no quantity; declined, TC\-1011\)\: \(1\) the isotope shifts of Table 2 \(p\. 1076, MHz, Delta^{84,A} = nu^84 \- nu^A for A = 86, 83, 82, 80, 78 on all five transitions, 1 sigma; 83Kr relative to the hyperfine centre of gravity\), with the text's Delta\_{5p\[3/2\]2, F=13/2}^{84,83} = 1083\(14\) MHz and Delta\_{6s\[3/2\]1, F=11/2}^{84,83} = 786\(10\) MHz \(p\. 1076\)\. The 'from \[23\]' and 'from \[7\]' rows are Kaufman's \(J\. Res\. NIST 98, 717 \(1993\)\) and Trickl et al\.'s \(Phys\. Rev\. A 39, 2948 \(1989\)\) values, reproduced\. \(2\) The hyperfine constants of 83Kr 5p\[5/2\]2, A = \-155\.6\(1\.2\) MHz and B = \-428\(25\) MHz \(p\. 1076; Cannon and Janik's \-156\.49\(8\) and \-407\.7\(13\) reproduced\)\. NOT TAKEN \(not a quantity of a gas\)\: Table 3 \(p\. 1077\), the King\-plot slopes, intercepts and the field\- and mass\-shift factors F\_i and M\_i \(nuclear\-structure analysis on Cannon and Janik's 760 nm line\); Table 1, the wavelengths and dyes; the line widths \(Gaussian FWHM about 400 and 350 MHz, the laser bandwidth, p\. 1074; 630 MHz at 260 MW cm^\-2, power broadened, p\. 1081\)\: instrumental\. The 5p\[1/2\]0 energies the paper derives at others' intensities \(94 092\.89\(2\) at 8e8 W cm^\-2 against Balakrishnan et al\.'s THG value 94 093\.00\(4\); 94 092\.90\(2\) at 4e9 W cm^\-2 against Hollenstein, Palm and Merkt's 94 092\.91 \(Rev\. Sci\. Instrum\. 71, 4023 \(2000\)\), p\. 1082\) and the intercept 23\.377\(44\) GHz of Fig\. 4 \(relative to the I2 line\)\: light shifted or relative, not level energies\. Fig\. 3 \(spectra at three power densities\) and Fig\. 4 \(the shifts, log\-log; the slope is printed\)\: not digitised\. Kaufman and Humphreys's energies \(J\. Opt\. Soc\. Am\. 59, 1614 \(1969\)\) follow from Table 4 by subtraction and are not taken\. No pressure shift, collisional width, lifetime or two\-photon cross section is measured \(a collision\-free beam\)\. FOR OEP 8\. ls\_5p12\_0 is the only measured Kr 5p light shift found\. In OEP 8's convention \(Eq\. 6\-7, I = 2 eps0 c \|E\+\|^2\) a transition shift of \+0\.75\(48\) Hz per W cm^\-2 is Re alpha\_f \- alpha\_g = \-16\(10\) au at 212\.55 nm, the power density taken as the intensity \(a derived number, not recorded as data\)\. FURTHER TWO\-PHOTON DATA CITED\: the Stoicheff group's THG calibration and light shift of 5p\[1/2\]0 \(Balakrishnan et al\. 1992, 1994, above\); Hollenstein et al\. 2000 \(above, line width 0\.12 cm^\-1 at about 4e9 W cm^\-2\); Miyazaki, Sakai and Sato, Appl\. Opt\. 28, 699 \(1989\) and Marangos, Shen, Hutchinson and Connerade, J\. Opt\. Soc\. Am\. B 7, 1254 \(1990\), resonance\-enhanced THG and mixing on 5p\[1/2\]0; Dorman, Kucukkara and Marangos, Phys\. Rev\. A 61, 013802 \(1999\), EIT\-enhanced mixing via 5p\[1/2\]0; Camparo and Lambropoulos, J\. Opt\. Soc\. Am\. B 9, 2163 \(1992\) and Opt\. Commun\. 137, 413 \(1997\), and Pindzola, Glasser and Payne, Phys\. Rev\. A 30, 1800 \(1984\), ac Stark line shapes of two\-photon transitions; Plimmer et al\., J\. Phys\. B 22, L241 \(1989\), cw two\-photon excitation of Xe\. None is in the library \(checked by folder name; the library's Trickl\_1989 is a different paper, on N2\)\. **Recorded bibliographic identity status:** VALIDATED\_WITH\_WARNINGS. This concerns identification of the source; it does not establish the scientific correctness of its contents. Datasets -------- brandi\_2002/level\_5d12\_1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "level_5d12_1", "material": "Kr", "file": "Kr/brandi_2002__level_5d12_1.csv", "table": "tbl_04c6e9828857", "quantity": "level_energy", "unit": "cm-1", "abscissa": "label", "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "configuration": "4s2.4p5.(2P*<3/2>).5d", "term": "2[1/2]*", "j": "1", "isotope": "86Kr" } } Table 4 \(p\. 1079\), 86Kr 5d\[1/2\]1 \(jl coupling\), from 1VUV \+ 1UV photoionisation at 96\.3 nm, calibrated on the I2 P\(11\)16\-1 line; 0\.0559 cm^\-1 below Kaufman and Humphreys \(1969\)\. The value and its uncertainty as printed, '103 801\.8002\(12\)'\. brandi\_2002/level\_6s32\_1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "level_6s32_1", "material": "Kr", "file": "Kr/brandi_2002__level_6s32_1.csv", "table": "tbl_04c6e9828857", "quantity": "level_energy", "unit": "cm-1", "abscissa": "label", "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "configuration": "4s2.4p5.(2P*<3/2>).6s", "term": "2[3/2]*", "j": "1", "isotope": "86Kr" } } Table 4 \(p\. 1079\), 86Kr 6s\[3/2\]1 \(jl coupling\), from 1VUV \+ 1UV photoionisation at 100\.1 nm, calibrated on the I2 P\(55\)12\-2 line; 0\.0553 cm^\-1 below Kaufman and Humphreys \(1969\)\. The value and its uncertainty as printed, '99 894\.0528\(14\)'\. brandi\_2002/level\_5p12\_0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "level_5p12_0", "material": "Kr", "file": "Kr/brandi_2002__level_5p12_0.csv", "table": "tbl_04c6e9828857", "quantity": "level_energy", "unit": "cm-1", "abscissa": "label", "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "configuration": "4s2.4p5.(2P*<3/2>).5p", "term": "2[1/2]", "j": "0", "isotope": "86Kr" } } Table 4 \(p\. 1079\), 86Kr 5p\[1/2\]0 \(jl coupling\), the two\-photon level at 2 x 212\.55 nm, from 2UV \+ 1UV photoionisation \(unfocused, at most 0\.2 MW cm^\-2\), calibrated on the I2 R\(63\)7\-4 line; 0\.0563 cm^\-1 below Kaufman and Humphreys \(1969\)\. The value and its uncertainty as printed, '94 092\.8673\(13\)'\. For 84Kr add Delta^{84,86} = \-138\(15\) MHz \(Table 2\)\: 94 092\.8627 \(record notes\)\. brandi\_2002/ie\_86Kr ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "ie_86Kr", "material": "Kr", "table": "text", "quantity": "ionization_energy", "unit": "cm-1", "abscissa": "label", "use": "check", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "kind": "adiabatic", "final_state": "4p5 2P*<3/2> (the Kr II ground level)", "isotope": "86Kr" } } 1 inline points in the source record. Abstract and p\. 1079\: 'an estimate for the ionization energy of 86Kr, E86 = 112 914\.516\(14\) cm\-1'\: Yoon and Glab's limit \(112 914\.500\(14\), from Rydberg series excited from 5p\[3/2\]1,2 in natural Kr\) \+ 0\.012 \(this paper's correction of the initial levels' energies\) \+ about 0\.004 \(their 84Kr\-86Kr shift\)\. Derived from another paper's measurement, so check; the uncertainty is Yoon and Glab's, level not stated\. NIST's limit is 0\.083 cm^\-1 lower \(record notes\)\. brandi\_2002/ls\_5p12\_0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "ls_5p12_0", "material": "Kr", "table": "text", "quantity": "light_shift_coefficient", "unit": "Hz/(W/cm2)", "abscissa_unit": "nm", "wavelength_medium": "vacuum", "use": "primary", "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "final_level": "5p[1/2]0 = 4s2.4p5.(2P*<3/2>).5p 2[1/2] J = 0", "photons": 2, "intensity_definition": "the UV power density: pulse energy over the 6 ns pulse and the area of the focus, about 90 um in diameter for a Gaussian beam behind a 1 m lens (2.6 GW cm-2 at 1 mJ), 50 % uncertainty (p. 1080)", "isotope": "84Kr", "intensity_range_w_cm2": "up to about 2.6e8" } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 1081 \(also the abstract and conclusions\)\: the ac Stark shift of the two\-photon 4p6 1S0 \- 5p\[1/2\]0 transition of 84Kr, 'a slope of 0\.75\(48\) Hz \(W cm\-2\)\-1, where 50% uncertainty on the actual power density is considered'; positive, a shift to the blue of the transition \(2UV\) frequency; linear for power densities up to about 260 MW cm\-2, sub\-linear above \(record notes\)\. The uncertainty as printed, level not stated\. brandi\_2002/ls\_5p12\_0\_stoicheff ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: text { "id": "ls_5p12_0_stoicheff", "material": "Kr", "table": "text", "quantity": "light_shift_coefficient", "unit": "Hz/(W/cm2)", "abscissa_unit": "nm", "wavelength_medium": "vacuum", "use": "reproduced", "reproduced_from": [ "A. Balakrishnan, V. Smith and B. P. Stoicheff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2149 (1992); Phys. Rev. A 48, 2460 (1994) (as the paper's reference [13] prints them)" ], "uncertainty": { "column": true, "level": "not stated" }, "parameters": { "final_level": "5p[1/2]0 = 4s2.4p5.(2P*<3/2>).5p 2[1/2] J = 0", "photons": 2, "intensity_definition": "not stated in this paper (the Stoicheff group's UV power density)", "isotope": "natural Kr" } } 1 inline points in the source record. p\. 1082\: 'the ac Stark shift measured by the Stoicheff group, 2\.6\(1\.1\) Hz \(W cm\-2\)\-1, which is not completely compatible with our finding, although of the same order of magnitude', from resonance\-enhanced third\-harmonic generation in a Kr jet \(natural Kr, collisions present\)\. Their intensity definition and uncertainty level are not given in this paper\. Formulas -------- No formulas are recorded. Corrections ----------- No dataset errata are recorded in this source record. Formula corrections, where recorded, appear with their formulas above. Curation notes may also discuss corrections or unresolved interpretation. Consult the :doc:`review register ` for the checks and decisions.