.. DO NOT EDIT.
.. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY.
.. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE:
.. "auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_molecular_ionisation_measured.py"
.. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW.

.. only:: html

    .. note::
        :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note

        :ref:`Go to the end <sphx_glr_download_auto_gallery_ionisation_plot_molecular_ionisation_measured.py>`
        to download the full example code.

.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title

.. _sphx_glr_auto_gallery_ionisation_plot_molecular_ionisation_measured.py:


Ionisation: the measured yields of N2 and O2
============================================

Wahlstrand et al. (2018) measured the absolute yield of N2 and O2 in the same
experiment as that of argon, krypton and xenon: 800 nm, 42 fs, the electron density
from the refractive index of the plasma, at a local intensity calibrated through the
Kerr effect to 13 %.

**Left and centre:** the measurement (the fit of the Supplemental Material) with the
band of its intensity's uncertainty, and the yields of the default model and of the
literature's forms, of one electron, on the envelope of the pulse. The default lies 5
to 9 times above N2's measurement and 5.0 to 6.5 times above O2's. Of the forms, the
effective-charge rate in Ilkov et al.'s form (``ppt_talebpour_ilkov``) comes closest,
although its charges were fitted within the static Coulomb factor (TC-674).

**Right:** the default's yield over the measurement, for the molecules and for the
atoms of the same experiment. The current atomic defaults give
rate-to-measurement ratios of 1.2 to 3.1 (Ar), 1.4 to 3.8 (Kr) and 2.9 to 6.8 (Xe).
The atomic electron counts and Coulomb factor affect this comparison; the earlier
static-factor comparison is recorded in TC-660, TC-680 and TC-698. See
:doc:`/user-guide/molecular-ionisation-validation` and
:doc:`/user-guide/ionisation-measured` for the numerical tables and calibration limits.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 31-96



.. image-sg:: /auto_gallery/ionisation/images/sphx_glr_plot_molecular_ionisation_measured_001.svg
   :alt: N2: Wahlstrand et al. 2018, 42 fs, O2: Wahlstrand et al. 2018, 42 fs, Wahlstrand et al.: molecules (solid) and atoms (dashed)
   :srcset: /auto_gallery/ionisation/images/sphx_glr_plot_molecular_ionisation_measured_001.svg
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img





.. code-block:: Python

    import warnings

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    from _helpers import COLOURS

    from optmat.exceptions import ModelRangeWarning
    from optmat.gas.ionisation_validation import measured_yields

    MODELS = {
        "default": ("optmat `default`", "#0b0b0b"),
        "moadk_zhao_2010": ("`moadk_zhao_2010`", COLOURS[1]),
        "ppt_talebpour": ("`ppt_talebpour`", COLOURS[2]),
        "ppt_talebpour_ilkov": ("`ppt_talebpour_ilkov`", COLOURS[3]),
    }
    INTENSITY_UNCERTAINTY = 0.13  # Wahlstrand et al. 2018, caption of Fig. 3

    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(14, 4.6), layout="constrained")
    with warnings.catch_warnings():
        # The forms without a correction are drawn beyond the barrier-suppression field.
        warnings.simplefilter("ignore", ModelRangeWarning)
        for axis, gas in zip(axes[:2], ("N2", "O2"), strict=True):
            measured = measured_yields(gas)
            x = measured.x / 1e16
            power = np.log(measured.expected[-1] / measured.expected[0]) / np.log(
                x[-1] / x[0]
            )
            axis.fill_between(
                x,
                measured.expected * (1 - INTENSITY_UNCERTAINTY) ** power,
                measured.expected * (1 + INTENSITY_UNCERTAINTY) ** power,
                color="#86b6ef",
                alpha=0.4,
                lw=0,
            )
            axis.semilogy(x, measured.expected, color="#184f95", label="measured (fit)")
            for name, (label, colour) in MODELS.items():
                comparison = measured_yields(gas, name)
                axis.semilogy(x, comparison.predicted, color=colour, label=label)
            axis.set_xlabel("peak intensity (TW/cm$^2$)")
            axis.set_ylabel("ionised fraction")
            axis.set_title(f"{gas}: Wahlstrand et al. 2018, 42 fs")
            axis.legend(fontsize=8, loc="lower right")

        for colour, (molecule, atom) in zip(
            COLOURS, (("N2", "Ar"), ("O2", "Xe")), strict=False
        ):
            for gas, style in ((molecule, "-"), (atom, "--")):
                comparison = measured_yields(gas)
                axes[2].semilogy(
                    comparison.x / 1e16,
                    comparison.ratio,
                    color=colour,
                    ls=style,
                    label=gas,
                )
        kr = measured_yields("Kr")
        axes[2].semilogy(kr.x / 1e16, kr.ratio, color=COLOURS[2], ls="--", label="Kr")
    axes[2].axhline(1.0, color="#0b0b0b", lw=0.8)
    axes[2].set_ylim(0.5, 20)
    axes[2].set_xlabel("peak intensity (TW/cm$^2$)")
    axes[2].set_ylabel("default yield / measured yield")
    axes[2].set_title("Wahlstrand et al.: molecules (solid) and atoms (dashed)")
    axes[2].legend(fontsize=8)
    plt.show()


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing

   **Total running time of the script:** (0 minutes 11.263 seconds)


.. _sphx_glr_download_auto_gallery_ionisation_plot_molecular_ionisation_measured.py:

.. only:: html

  .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter

      :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: plot_molecular_ionisation_measured.ipynb <plot_molecular_ionisation_measured.ipynb>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python

      :download:`Download Python source code: plot_molecular_ionisation_measured.py <plot_molecular_ionisation_measured.py>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip

      :download:`Download zipped: plot_molecular_ionisation_measured.zip <plot_molecular_ionisation_measured.zip>`