.. _sphx_glr_auto_gallery_ionisation:

Ionisation
----------

The strong-field ionisation rates of the noble gases and of molecules, against the
Schrödinger calculations and the measured yields.


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  <div id='sg-tag-list' class='sphx-glr-tag-list'></div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnails">

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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="The rate of Perelomov, Popov and Terent&#x27;ev is that of a short-range potential times a Coulomb factor. This figure compares three analytic forms (optmat.gas.ionisation_rates.coulomb_factor). Here each is compared with time-dependent Schrödinger calculations, with everything else the same: one electron in the m = 0 orbital, Tong, Zhao and Lin&#x27;s coefficient and Tong and Lin&#x27;s static correction, so that all three have the same static limit.">

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  .. image:: /auto_gallery/ionisation/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_ionisation_frequency_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_ionisation_frequency`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Ionisation: the Coulomb factor against Schrödinger calculations</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Two measurements have an intensity scale that does not rest on a rate model.">

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  .. image:: /auto_gallery/ionisation/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_ionisation_measured_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_ionisation_measured`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Ionisation: the measured yields of argon, krypton and xenon</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="The default ionisation rates (optmat.gas.ionisation_rates.ionisation_rate_model).">

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  .. image:: /auto_gallery/ionisation/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_ionisation_rates_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_ionisation_rates`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Ionisation: the rates of the noble gases</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Van der Hart&#x27;s R-matrix calculations of the whole atom, with one state of the ion (optmat.gas.ionisation_validation.rmatrix_rates): R-matrix Floquet rates of He, Ne and Ar (2006, read from the image of its Fig. 6), and time-dependent R-matrix rates of Ar (2007, its Table I and the vector drawing of its Fig. 4). Values read from figures follow data rule 8 (TC-699 to TC-701).">

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  .. image:: /auto_gallery/ionisation/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_ionisation_rmatrix_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_ionisation_rmatrix`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Ionisation: the noble gases against all-electron rates at 390 nm</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="The static limit of the ionisation rate (optmat.gas.ionisation_rates) against the curated references (optmat.gas.ionisation_validation.static_rates).">

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  .. image:: /auto_gallery/ionisation/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_ionisation_static_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_ionisation_static`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Ionisation: the static rates of helium, neon and argon</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="optmat&#x27;s rate of molecules and the forms of the literature (optmat.gas.molecular_ionisation_rates.molecular_rate_model).">

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  .. image:: /auto_gallery/ionisation/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_molecular_ionisation_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_molecular_ionisation`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Ionisation: the rates of molecules</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="The default rate of molecules (optmat.gas.molecular_ionisation_rates.molecular_rate_model).">

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  .. image:: /auto_gallery/ionisation/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_molecular_ionisation_default_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_molecular_ionisation_default`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Ionisation: optmat's rate of molecules</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Wahlstrand et al. (2018) measured the absolute yield of N2 and O2 in the same experiment as that of argon, krypton and xenon: 800 nm, 42 fs, the electron density from the refractive index of the plasma, at a local intensity calibrated through the Kerr effect to 13 %.">

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  .. image:: /auto_gallery/ionisation/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_molecular_ionisation_measured_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_molecular_ionisation_measured`

.. raw:: html

      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Ionisation: the measured yields of N2 and O2</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="The two-photon ionisation cross sections of the models of optmat.gas.two_photon.two_photon_ionisation_model (OEP 6, Phase 1), each the curated reference curve the author approved (TC-943):">

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  .. image:: /auto_gallery/ionisation/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_two_photon_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_two_photon`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Two-photon ionisation of the noble gases</div>
    </div>


.. thumbnail-parent-div-close

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    </div>


.. toctree::
   :hidden:

   /auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_ionisation_frequency
   /auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_ionisation_measured
   /auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_ionisation_rates
   /auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_ionisation_rmatrix
   /auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_ionisation_static
   /auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_molecular_ionisation
   /auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_molecular_ionisation_default
   /auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_molecular_ionisation_measured
   /auto_gallery/ionisation/plot_two_photon